| 释义 |
aloe|ˈæləʊ|
Forms: pl. 1 aluwan, alewan, alwan, 2–6 aloen, 4–6 alowes, 6 allowes, 4– aloes; sing. 5– aloe.
[OE. aluwan, pl. of aluwe, alue, ad. L. aloē, a. Gr. ἀλόη, properly the drug and plant described in senses 2–5; but used also in the Septuagint and N.T. to translate Heb. akhālīm, akhālōth (cf. Skr. aguru, Hind. aghil) the Agalloch, probably from the similarity of the words. In consequence of this confusion, the word came to be applied in the modern languages, both to the fragrant resin or aloes of the Bible, and the bitter drug or aloes proper. The former is indeed the earliest use in Eng., where also the word was orig. always plural.]
†1. pl. The fragrant resin or wood of the agalloch (q.v.), derived from species of two East Indian genera, Aloexylon and Aquilaria. See lign-aloes.
c950Sax. Leechd. II. 174 Alwan wiþ untrymnessum. c1000Ags. Gosp. John xix. 39 Brohte wyrt-ᵹemang and alewan. c1160Hatton G. ibid., Wyrt-ᵹemang and aloen. 1382Wyclif ibid., A medlynge of myrre and aloes. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvii. v. (1495) 606 Alowes is a tree wyth moste swete smelle. 1535Coverdale Ps. xliv. 8 All thy garmentes are like myrre, Aloes and Cassia. 1541R. Copland Guydon's Formul. T ij, Decoction of thure, mastice, aloen. 1599Hakluyt Voy. II. 229 He sendeth another small ship euery yeere to Cauchin China to lade there wood of Aloes. 1741Compl. Fam.-Piece i. i. 93 Take..Aloes Cicatrina, purest Frankincense..of each half an Ounce. 1865Public Opin. 7 Jan. 19 The Canticles record in one verse..frankincense, myrrh, and aloes—the last meaning the wood of the aloexylum agallochum.
2. A genus of plants (family Liliaceæ, sect. Aloinæ) containing several species, succulent herbs, shrubs, or trees, with erect spikes of flowers, and bitter juice.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvii. vi. (1495) 606 Aloe is the frute of a certen herbe that hyght Aloe..The juys thereof is wronge and sod on the fyre and afterwarde dryed in the sonne. 1477Earl Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 68 The bittrenesse of the aloe tre distroyeth the swittenesse of the hony. 1551Turner Herb. (1568) 17 The nature of the herbe Aloe is to hele woundes. 1578Lyte Dodoens 353 We may call it in English Aloë, herbe Aloë, or Sea Aygreene. 1769Sir J. Hill Fam. Herb. (1812) 6 The socotrine aloe is a very beautiful plant, the leaves are like those of the pine-apple. 1830Lindley Nat. Syst. Bot. 274 Aloes are mostly found in the southern parts of Africa. 1877Thomson Voy. Challenger I. ii. 113 Clumps of aloes with their rich crimson spikes.
3. (Usually pl.) A drug of nauseous odour, bitter taste, and purgative qualities, procured from the inspissated juice of plants of the genus Aloe.
1398[See 2]. 1477Norton Ord. Alch. in Ashm. 1652 v. 70 Odours misliking, as Aloes and Sulphure. 1543Traheron Vigo's Chirurg. (1586) 430 Aloe is the liquor of an herbe, brought unto us out of India. 1618Latham 2nd Bk. Falc. (1633) 140 Aloes, the iuyce which is vsed in physicke is moderately hot..extreame bitter. 1756Burke Subl. & B. Wks. I. 100 All men are agreed to call..aloes bitter. 1875Wood Therap. (1879) 462 Aloes is a stomachic, stimulant cathartic.
4. fig. Bitter experiences, trials, etc.
1526Skelton Magnyf. 2383 Bytter alowes of herde adversyte. 1617Hieron Wks. II. 203 He purgeth and bringeth low by the bitter aloes of the law. 1630R. Brathwait Eng. Gent. (1641) 256 Hee attempers his actractivest pastimes with a little alloes.
†5. Some mineral resembling the drug. Obs.
1601Holland Pliny (1634) II. 271 Aboue Ierusalem..there is a certain minerall Aloe to be found, growing in manner of a mettal within the ground.
6. Applied popularly to other plants having some supposed resemblance to the genus Aloe, chiefly the Agave or ‘American Aloe’ (famed for its rare flowering).
1682Wheler Journ. Greece i. 27 Here I saw Aloes in flower. 1752Miller Gard. Dict. (ed. 6) H 2 A vulgar Error..relating to the large American Aloe; which is, that it never flowers till it is an hundred Years old. 1843Prescott Conq. Mexico (1854) 3 Plantations of the aloe or maguey (Agave americana). 1866Moore in Treas. Bot. 29 The American Aloe appears to have been first introduced to Europe in 1561.
7. Comb. aloes-wood (= aloe 1); aloe-like.
1807Martyn Miller's Gard. Dict. 3 B b, The aroma of Aloes wood is a disease. 1830Lindley Nat. Syst. Bot. 77 Aloes wood, a fragrant resinous substance of a dark colour, is the inside of the trunk of the Aquilaria ovata and A. Agallochum. 1866Treas. Bot., Aloes-Wood, the wood of Aloexylon Agallochum. 1839Bailey Festus xxx. (1848) 345 There are some hearts, aloe-like, flower once, and die [see 6]. |