| 释义 |
hydrocarbon Chem.|haɪdrəʊˈkɑːbən|
[f. hydro- d + carbon n.]
a. A chemical compound of hydrogen and carbon.
These compounds, of which there are at least twelve series, the chief of them being the paraffins, olefines, acetylenes, and benzenes, are very numerous and important, and, with their derivatives, constitute the subject-matter of organic chemistry.
1826Faraday Exp. Res. xxxii. (1859) 183 The peculiar hydro-carbons forming the subject of that paper. 1842Parnell Chem. Anal. (1845) 269 Contraction and formation of oily drops show the presence of olefiant gas, or vapours of hydrocarbons. 1863Tyndall Heat iii. 62 Coal-gas is what we call a hydro-carbon. 1865–72Watts Dict. Chem. III. 186 The most fruitful source of hydrocarbons is the dry or destructive distillation of organic bodies.
b. attrib., as hydrocarbon radical, hydrocarbon series, etc. hydrocarbon gas, any gaseous hydrocarbon; hydrocarbon oil, any oil consisting chiefly of hydrocarbons.
1864Mechanics' Mag. 22 Jan. 55/3 (heading) Petroleum and hydro-carbon oils for generating steam. c1865Letheby in Circ. Sc. I. 123/2 Hydro-carbon Gas, this name is given to the mixed gases which are generated from water, together with substances that are rich in hydro-carbons, as tar, resin, fats, oils, and the better kinds of cannel coal. 1873C. H. Ralfe Phys. Chem. 45 The homologous series of hydro-carbon radicals. 1880Richardson in Med. Temp. Jrnl. 67 Alcohol is..a chemical of the hydro-carbon series. 1904G. H. Hurst Textile Soaps & Oils iv. 115 The cheapest oils are the so-called mineral or hydrocarbon oils. 1942Progress Appl. Chem. XXVII. 82 The analysis of hydrocarbon oils is a valuable aid in the control of refinery processes such as cracking. |