| 释义 |
▪ I. urinal, n.|ˈjʊərɪnəl, jʊəˈraɪnəl|
Forms: 3–7 vrinal, 4–6 -all(e, 4–5 vrynal, 4–6 -all(e, 6–7 urinall (6 -alle, 7 -ell), 7– urinal; 5 orinal, orynal; also 3 vrnal, 6 vrnall.
[a. OF. urinal (12th c.; also orinal, pl. orignaulx), a. L. ūrīnal, f. ūrīna urine n.1 Cf. Pr. urinal, Pg. ur-, ourinol, It. orinale, Pr. and Sp. orinal.]
†1. A glass vessel or phial employed to receive urine for medical examination or inspection. Obs.
c1275Lay. 17724 He nam his vrinal [c 1205 glæs-fat] anon, an þe king meh þar on; one wile after þan þe vrnal an honde he nam. 13..Seuyn Sages (W.) 1049 The yonge man..taketh an vrinal for to sen. c1386Chaucer Pard. Prol. 19 Thyne vrynals and thy Iurdones. c1440Promp. Parv. 370/1 Orynal, or vrynal, urinale. 1495Nottingham Rec. III. 284, ij vrinalles, price iiij d. 1548Recorde Urin. Physick iv. 14 b, The Vrinall..shulde be of pure clere glasse, not thyck, nor greene in colour. 1596Nashe Saffron Walden R 3 b, Then shee neuer need to haue her water cast in an vrinall for the greene sicknes. 1642Fuller Holy & Prof. St. ii. ii. 53 Reasons drawn from the urine alone are as brittle as the urinall. 1685Boyle Effects of Motion Suppl. 142 Thin Vessels of Glass, especially Urinals, to be diligently made clean with Sand. 1737Phil. Trans. XLI. 707 The Capillamenta, whilst in the Urinal, and till the Urine was decanted. 1757Keysler's Trav. IV. 19 While her maid is stirring a medicine in a spoon, and the physician looking into the urinal. 1858Thudichum Urine 19 In some hospitals the ancient urinal is still in use.
fig.c1645Howell Lett. (1650) II. 2 When I found those letters..which he sends as urinals up and down the world, to look into his water for discovery of the crazie condition of his body. 1663Sir G. Mackenzie Religious Stoic 19 There ye shall know by the Urinal of his eyes, and the water standing therein, what convulsion-fits his soul suffers.
transf.1688Holme Armoury iii. xiv. (Roxb.) 10/2 He beareth Argent, a vrinall Azure.
†2. Alch. (See quot. 1738.) Obs.
c1386Chaucer Can. Yeom. T. 73 Sondry vessels maad of erthe and glas, Oure vrynals and our descensories. 1559Morwyng Evonym. 1 Men call it a receiver or a urinall. Ibid. 212 If ij urinals be set together. 1584R. Scot Discov. Witchcr. xii. xvii. (1886) 212 Take a glasse viall full of holie water... On the mouth of the viall or urinall, two olive leaves must be laid. 1667Boyle Orig. Forms & Qual. 298, I took two parcels of Gold,..and having cast each of these in a distinct Urinal,..I caus'd [etc.]. 1738Chambers Cycl., Urinal, in chemistry, is an oblong glass vessel, used for making solutions.
3. A chamber-pot.
c1475Cath. Angl. 405/1 (A.), An Vrynalle, vrinaria,..vbi Jordane. 1519W. Horman Vulg. 168 b, Se that I lacke nat by my beddis syde a chayer of easement:..and an vrnall bye. 1542Udall Erasm. Apoph. 212 b, His groome whose dayly office it was to geve unto hym his urinall in his chaumbre. 1622Mabbe tr. Aleman's Guzman d'Alf. i. 232 Not finding any of his Pages there, he..tooke the Vrinall himselfe, which stood at his beds head. 1642Milton Apol. Smect. 13 Some Politicians..lyable to a night-walking cudgeller, or the emptying of a Urinall. 1695Congreve Love for L. ii. iii, [To] warm your Bed, and..set the Candle and your Tobacco-Box, and your Urinal by you. 1739R. Bull tr. Dedekindus' Grobianus p. viii, He finds Occasion to inspect the Urinal and the Bed-pan. a1774Goldsm. tr. Scarron's Com. Romance (1775) I. 35 Pray reach me the chamber-pot, quoth Rancour... The other..took up the urinal, and gave it to Rancour. 1822Good Study Med. IV. 540 Forming red sand on the surface, as it probably would otherwise have done in the bladder or the urinal. 1875H. C. Wood Therap. (1879) 342 The use of chloral to keep free from odor the urinals of paraplegics.
transf.a1700B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Urinal of the Planets, Ireland,..because of its frequent and great Rains.
4. A vessel or reservoir with conductor worn on the person for incontinence of urine.
1855Ogilvie Suppl. 1895Arnold & Sons' Catal. Surg. Instrum. 707 Urinals for Invalids, Travellers, etc. The best quality of Urinals are all made of specially prepared ætherized India-rubber. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VIII. 244 The wearing of indiarubber urinals, and other means of avoiding ‘accidents’.
5. A building, erection, or enclosure for accommodating persons when requiring to pass urine.
1851J. H. Stirling in A. H. Stirling Life (1912) vi. 106, I had put my back to one of the urinals. 1869E. A. Parkes Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 319 Earthen-ware or slate urinals should be used, with water running through them. 1898G. B. Shaw Plays II. Candida 29 A vast district..well served with ugly iron urinals.
6. attrib. and Comb., as urinal-glass (= sense 1), urinal-like, urinal metal; † urinal cherry (see quot. 1629); † urinal monger, † quack, † shaker, a quack doctor who diagnoses by inspecting the urine.
1611Cotgr., Vrinaire,..vrinall-like. 1629Parkinson Parad. 572 The Vrinall Cherrie..is long and round, like vnto an Vrinall. 1641Cowley Guardian ii. v, That damn'd Urinal-monger..has not so much physick as would cure the toothach. 1651French Distill. i. 37 Put upon it another urinall-glasse inverted. a1652Brome Queenes Exch. iv. E 4 b/2 He thinks my skull's made but of urinal mettal. 1663Cowley Cutter Coleman St. ii. viii, Wor. He's a kind of Grave-maker, Cut. A Urinal Shaker. 1763J. Clubbe Physiognomy 7 How came this art into reputation?.. By the same means that Urinal Quacks and Conjurors have had a run here. 1881Instr. Census Clerks (1885) 99 Urinal Cleaner, Attendant, &c.
▪ II. urinal, a. ? Obs.
[a. F. urinal (16th c.), ad. late L. ūrīnāl-is, f. ūrīna urine n.1]
1. a. Of or pertaining to, consisting or characteristic of, urine.
1541R. Copland Guydon's Quest. Chirurg. I iv, Wherby receyueth the bladder the superfluite vrynal of the kydnees? 1653Urquhart Rabelais i. xxxvi, The pisse of that Urinal flood ran glib away. 1703T. H. (title), Compleat Treatises of Urines, shewing the right Method of Urinal Prognostication. 1743Lond. & Country Brew. iv. (ed. 2) 285 Though it be of an Urinal Taste.
b. Marked by immoderate discharge of urine.
1822Good Study Med. IV. 459 Both [kinds of diabetes] were named indifferently diabetes,..urinary diarrhœa, urinal dropsy, and..water-flux.
2. = urinary a. 1.
1615Crooke Body of Man (1631) 212 The Pipe or Canale of the yarde which in greeke they call οὐρήθρα, the vrinal pipe. 1620Venner Via Recta vii. 154 They..purge the reines, and vrinall passages. a1651Recorde's Urin. Physick To Rdr. A 2 b, The Urine..returneth back again in the veines, to the liver and urinall vessels. 1803Med. Jrnl. X. 512 The effects of..cantharides to the urinal system. |