| 释义 |
imperfective, a. (n.)|ɪmpəˈfɛktɪv|
[f. imperfect a. + -ive: cf. perfective.]
A. adj.
†1. Characterized by imperfection; imperfect.
a1677Manton Serm. Hebr. xi. verse 16, Wks. 1873 XIV. 343 If we be imperfective, the fault is in ourselves. 1684N. S. Crit. Enq. Edit. Bible xvi. 156 Their Copies are often defective and imperfective.
2. Slavonic Grammar. Applied (after Miklosich) to a form or ‘aspect’ of the verb expressing action not completed (either continuous, or repeated): opp. to perfective. (Cf. imperfect a. 5, and terms in -ive, referring to the vb., as active, passive, indicative, inchoative, desiderative, etc.) Also, by extension, of a similar form or aspect in some non-Slavonic languages.
1887Morfill Serbian Gram. 32 The imperfective verbs express an action that is not completed, but this may be conceived either (a) as merely continuing, or (b) repeated at various times. 1889― Russian Gram. 37 The imperfective aspect has all the moods and tenses. The perfective wants the present tense and present participle. 1890Athenæum 11 Oct. 478/3 The student will..then naturally ask how he is to distinguish the perfective from the imperfective aspect. 1899Morfill Gram. Bohem. Lang. 30 The imperfective verbs express an action that is not completed. 1912[see durative a.]. 1924[see aspect n. 9 b]. 1955Word XI. 546 In general it shows the action as completed (perfective) or incomplete (imperfective) relative to the time of the action of the main verb. 1957R. W. Zandvoort Handbk. Eng. Gram. i. ii. 33 The aspect expressed by the present participle..is called imperfective or durative. 1958H. G. Lunt Fund. Russian 59 The imperfective aspect does not say anything about the end of the action. 1972Language XLVIII. 169 By accident, some presents with imperfective meaning contained an e, e.g. bher-e- ‘carry’.
B. n.
†1. = imperfection 2. Obs.
1601Cornwallyes Ess. ii. xxvi. (1631) 9 Of all our delicacies, or imperfectives of any kind there is no Author but Affection.
2. An imperfective verb, case, or aspect.
1939Language XV. 230 In a space of ten lines..there are four present imperfectives. Ibid., The imperfectives, whether present or past, definitely indicate a repeated or a continuing action. 1949Ibid. XXV. 403 There is only one present tense, namely an imperfective. 1949Archivum Linguisticum I. ii. 176 Imperfectives, if not iterative, become perfective by prefixing a preposition. 1962K. Katzner Russian Review Text 183 The Imperfectives are called the Determinati and the Indeterminati. 1962Word XVIII. 17 These ‘secondary’ imperfectives enter, in turn, into a derivational relation with the ‘primary’ imperfectives. 1965Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics Spring 117 Agentives are apparently built upon future duratives, not upon imperfectives. 1966Jrnl. Linguistics II. ii. 249 The distribution 52% perfectives, 48% imperfectives, confirms that the relative frequency..of the Russian marked and unmarked members differs sharply. 1972Hartmann & Stork Dict. Lang. & Ling. 20 Ancient Greek, for example, had perfective, imperfective, and aorist.
Hence imperfectiviˈzation Gram., the making of a verbal form or tense ‘imperfective’; the condition of being ‘imperfective’.
1943Language XIX. 273 The statement of ‘means of imperfectivization’ is a list of suffixes. 1962Word XVIII. 15 Its function is basically grammatical, i.e. that of imperfectivization. 1966Jrnl. Linguistics II. ii. 249 A formal distinction, as regards morphological potentiality, secondary imperfectivization, is made. |