| 释义 |
▪ I. refresh, n.|rɪˈfrɛʃ|
[f. next: cf. Sp. refresco, It. rinfresco.]
†1. The act of refreshing; refreshment; renewal of supplies. Obs.
1592Daniel Delia Poems (1717) 414 Like the Morning Dew, Whose short Refresh upon the tender Green, Chears for a Time. 1615― Hymen's Tri. ibid. 133 Render sweet Refresh Unto his weary Senses, whilst he rests. 1648Gage West Ind. xvii. 114 The Indians helped one another to unload and load the mule that came of refresh.
2. colloq. A refreshment (esp. of liquor) taken by a person; a refresher.
1884Telegraphist Jan. 27/2 A man may be compared to a battery when he gets a ‘refresh’.
3. The process of renewing the data stored in a memory device or displayed on a cathode-ray tube. Usu. attrib.
1967Technology Week 20 Feb. 22/3 The complete refresh memory is made up of 16 parallel magnetostrictive delay⁓line loops that store all of the picture elements for one frame. 1972D. Lewin Theory & Design of Digital Computers vii. 264 To produce a steady picture on the CRT the contents of the display file must be periodically cycled through (a word at a time) and passed to the display unit; this procedure is known as the refresh cycle. 1977J. C. Boyce Digital Computer Fundamentals viii. 211 Typically the refresh operation must be performed about every 2 milliseconds. 1977Sci. Amer. June 57/2 (Advt.), Every [memory] board is fast. With ‘hidden refresh’ and no ‘wait state’.
▪ II. refresh, v.|rɪˈfrɛʃ|
Forms: α. 4 refressch, -frech, -fres, 4–6 refresch(e, refressh(e, 5 reffreshe, 6 refreshe, 4– refresh. β. 4 refreische, -freissh, 6 refraiche.
[a. OF. refrescher, -ier, refraischer (12th c.; cf. Sp. refrescar, med.L. refrescāre, It. rinfrescare) or refreschir, f. re- re- + fresche fresh a. Cf. also OF. rafreschir, rafraischir (12th c.; mod.F. rafraîchir).]
1. a. trans. Of physical agents (esp. water): To impart freshness to (a place or thing, the air, etc.) by means of cooling or wetting. (Sometimes with suggestion of next.) Also, to plunge (cooked vegetables, etc.) into cold water as part of the cooking process.
14..Circumcision in Tundale's Vis. (1843) 92 Hit is the well with iiij stremes..That thorow the world refrescheth all reemis. 1535Coverdale Ecclus. xliii. 22 Whan a dew commeth vpon the heate, it shalbe refreszshed agayne. 1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. iii. i. 69 b, The snow..serueth in whotte weather to refreshe..his drinke. 1660F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc's Trav. 373 In this Countrey it never rains, snows, or thunders, nor anything that may refresh it. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. i. 388 Moisture then abounds, and Pearly Rains Descend in silence to refresh the Plains. 1756–7tr. Keysler's Trav. (1760) III. 368 The neighbourhood of the mountains constantly refreshes this city in the heats of summer with a cool evening breeze. 1824Baroness Bunsen in Hare Life (1879) I. vii. 239 In the evening the atmosphere is never sufficiently refreshed to be enjoyable till about a quarter after dark. 1861Mrs. Beeton Bk. Househ. Managem. xxv. 591 Let the herbs be as fresh as possible for a salad, and, if at all stale or dead-looking, let them lie in water for an hour or two, which will very much refresh them. 1877E. S. Dallas Kettner's Bk. of Table 45 Some..prefer to eat them [sc. asparagus] with oil and vinegar. In this case they are, as the French say, to be refreshed with cold water. 1972Guardian 18 Aug. 11/3 Lasagne... Boil the pasta for ten minutes then drain and run under the cold tap, and drain again... Cannelloni: these are boiled like lasagne, and refreshed in the same way.
absol.1604E. G[rimstone] tr. D'Acosta's Hist. Indies ii. xi. 107 In some ports and havens, the salt water doth refresh. 1611Bible Ecclus. xliii. 22 A dew comming after heate, refresheth.
†b. fig. To cool (desire). Obs. rare.
1588A. King tr. Canisius' Catech. Deuot Prayers 17 b, Refraiche thairfor, o lord, my concupiscence with the vatter of thy grace.
2. a. To make (one) feel fresher than before; to impart fresh vigour to (a person, the spirits or mind, the eyes, etc.) when fatigued or exhausted; to reanimate, reinvigorate physically, mentally, or spiritually; to provide with refreshment.
Said of food, drink, rest, sleep, etc., or of persons providing or bestowing these; also freq. in passive without specified agent.
c1374Chaucer Boeth. iv. pr. vi. 111 (Camb. MS.), Tak thanne this drawht, and whan þou art wel refresshed and refect [etc.]. 1375Barbour Bruce xiii. 614 The erll Patrik..gert with met and drink alsua Refresche thame weill. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xv. lvii. (Bodl. MS.), Þere beþ fayre feeldes..to refressche and comfort yȝen þat beþ wery in studye. c1440Partonope 6061 Her beaute shall so me refresch. 1508Fisher 7 Penit. Ps. cxlii. Wks. (1876) 239 Beddes to refresshe theyr wery lymmes. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 148 Whiche thinge refresheth their spirites to thinke vpon. c1595Capt. Wyatt R. Dudley's Voy. W. Ind. (Hakl. Soc.) 5 Our Generall..refreshed his men, and withall renued his store of victuall. 1634Massinger Very Woman iii. v, This air will much refresh you. 1671Milton P.R. iv. 591 Ambrosial drink, That soon refresh'd him wearied. 1717S. Sewall Diary 23 Sept., I was greatly refreshed by reading..Psal. 66. 1747Chesterfield Lett. 27 Mar., The mixed companies of men and women of fashion..unbend and refresh the mind. 1784Cowper Task iii. 19, I feel myself at large, Courageous, and refreshed for future toil. 1835Lytton Rienzi i. i, The rest will refresh you. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. ii. 20 We rose with the sun, refreshed and strong. 1875J. P. Hopps Princ. Relig. i. (1878) 7 A beautiful picture which thrills the heart and refreshes the eye.
absol.1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. i. viii. 8 b, Another frute..giuing a water as it were sugred and serue greatly to refresh and digest. 1849Thackeray Pendennis xli, Those [writings] that..are pleasant at the first draught, when they refresh and sparkle.
b. refl. (of persons): To make (oneself) fresher, by partaking of food or drink, by resting, † or by taking the air.
c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xxv. (Julian) 292 Þat mornyng Iulyane was gane to þe feld hym to refres. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xiv. 62 Þare he refreschez him and puruays him of vitailes. 1494Fabyan Chron. vi. cxcviii. 205 Wherfore y⊇ Danys..spoyled both those townes, and there refresshed theym. 1555Eden Decades 53 With the vytayles..they refresshed theym selues. 1590Spenser F.Q. ii. i. 24 There sate a knight..Himselfe refreshing with the liquid cold, After his travell long. 1655Clarke Papers (Camden) III. 20 The next day..his Highnesse refresht himselfe with the aire in Hyde Parke. 1754Fielding Voy. Lisbon Wks. 1882 VII. 66 That my wife and her company might refresh them⁓selves with the flowers and fruits with which her garden abounded. 1828Scott F. M. Perth xxxiii, That they might have the interval of Saturday to rest, refresh them⁓selves, and prepare for the combat. 1876J. Saunders Lion in Path x, Is there any quiet inn near, where one might rest and refresh oneself?
transf.1599Shakes. Hen. V, ii. ii. 37 Labour shall refresh it selfe with hope To do your Grace incessant seruices.
†c. To relieve of, to set free or clear of. Obs.
c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 1081 Dido, Refreschede muste he been of his distresse. 1399Langl. Rich. Redeles Prol. 32 This made me..to meuve him of mysserewle his mynde to reffresshe. 1546Langley tr. Pol. Verg. De Invent. iii. vi. 71 By reason þt thei wer refreshed of their extreme colde by fyre & such houses as they had deuised. 1760Impostors Detected iii. viii. II. 80 A sound sleep..perfectly refreshed me of the fatigues of the foregoing night.
3. a. To freshen up (the memory), to make clear or distinct again. Also with personal obj. (cf. refresher 2 and 3).
1542Boorde Dyetary viii. (1870) 244 Moderate slepe..doth acuate, quycken, & refressheth the memory. 1665Dryden Ind. Emp. i. ii, But you, I see, Take care still to refresh your memory. 1705Addison Italy Pref., For before I enter'd on my Voyage I took care to refresh my Memory among the Classic Authors. 1789F. Burney Diary 26 Aug., I did not refresh his memory with the severities he practised in that marine education. 1825Lamb Elia Ser. ii. The Convalescent, He was to be seen trudging about upon this man's errand.., jogging this witness, refreshing that solicitor. 1867Trollope Chron. Barset lxx. III. 270, I have had some trouble to refresh my memory as to all the particulars.
†b. To renew, revive. Obs. rare.
1628Donne Serm. John xiv. 26, Wks. 1839 I. 545 When he refreshed many errors formerly condemned, concerning the Holy Ghost. 1692Dryden St. Euremont's Ess. 3 They have refreshed their Alliance with the Gods by the Fabulous Nativity of Romulus.
†4. To restore, renovate (a building). Obs. rare.
c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xxii. (Laurence) 531 A prest..thocht he wald a kyrk refresch,..þe quhilk sic ned had of mending, þat it was nere þe done-cummyng. 1538Leland Itin. (1768) I. 7 There be very fair Lodgyns in the Castel. And as I hard Catarine of Spaine did great Costs in late tyme of refresching of it. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. V 45 b, The Kyng..repaired the walles, fortefied the bulwarkes, refresshed the rampiers.
5. a. To restore to, or keep at, a certain level or condition by furnishing († or procuring) a fresh supply of something.
c1450M.E. Med. Bk. (Heinrich) 78 Let hit lye þreo dayes..& on þe þridde day, ȝef hit be nede, refresshe hit wyþ newe. 1495Trevisa's Barth. De P.R. xiii. xiv. (W. de W.) 448 To renewe and refresshe pondes fresshe water is ladde and brought by gutters, conduytes and pipes. 1569Sir J. Hawkins Voy. (Hakl. Soc.) 80 We determined there to refresh our water, and so..to take the Sea. 1604E. G[rimstone] tr. D'Acosta's Hist. Indies ii. x. 105 A small fire continued, heats more, then a greater that lastes but little, especially if there be any thing to refresh it. 1876Preece & Sivewright Telegraphy 19 Batteries such as those described..will remain in constant action for a month... At the expiration of a month it becomes necessary to refresh them. 1895Scully Kafir Stories 26 They went into the hut, and they refreshed the fire. 1977A. P. Malvino Digital Computer Electronics vii. 180 Because capacitor charge leaks off, the stored data must be refreshed every few milliseconds. 1977Sci. Amer. Sept. 139/3 A memory used to refresh the information presented in a conventional video display, which is scanned point by point in a repeating linear pattern, does not require a memory with random access.
†b. To furnish with fresh supplies. Also without const. Obs.
1458Paston Lett. I. 427, I have desirid hym to move the Counsell for refreshing of the toun of Yermowth with stuff of ordnance and gonnes and gonne powdre. 1555Eden Decades 1 To the intente there to refreshe his shyppes with freshe water and fuell. 1598Barret Theor. Warres ii. i. 16 Let him prouide to be first refreshed with victuals. 1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. 6 Sierra Leoon, a place in Afrique,..famous for refreshing that aduenturous Captaine Sir Francis Drake. 1756Collins Peerage (ed. 3) II. ii. 625 They..refreshed the garrison..with victuals and money.
†c. To furnish with reinforcements. Also const. of. Obs.
c1470Golagros & Gaw. 196, I may refresch yow with folk, to feght gif you nedis, With thretty thousand tald. c1500Melusine 121 Syn the paynemyes have refresshed themself twyes of new folke. 1557in Burnet Hist. Ref. (1681) II. Records ii. 320 They return again to fetch more, always to refresh their camp with fresh souldiers, in the lieu of such as be perished.
6. a. To restore (a thing) to a fresh or bright condition; to brighten or clean up; to give a fresh or new appearance to. ? Obs.
c1400Destr. Troy 9215 He..Asket water at his weghes, wesshed hym anone, Refresshing his face for facyng of teres. c1402Lydg. Compl. Bl. Knt. 103 This welle..wolde..evermore refresshe the visage Of hem that were in any werinesse. 1587Holinshed Chron. III. 932/2 The conduit was newlie painted, and all the armes and angels refreshed. 1599Barnfield in Pass. Pilgr. 176 As vaded gloss no rubbing will refresh,..So beauty blemish'd once's for ever lost. 1647N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. i. xliii. (1739) 69, I have endeavoured to refresh the Image of the Saxon Commonwealth, the more curious lineaments being now disfigured by time. 1697Dryden æneid viii. 580 The rest refresh the scaly Snakes, that fold The Shield of Pallas, and renew their Gold. 1739Cibber Apol. xiv. 361 He would order two or three Suits to be made, or refresh'd, for Actors of moderate Consequence. 1818Scott Hrt. Midl. xliii, The old hat looked smarter;..the lace had been refreshed.
b. To make (a surface) fresh, esp. by cutting.
1658Evelyn Fr. Gard. (1675) 66 Nor can the graffe joyn to its trunk, unless the rind be refreshed, and cut to the quick with the knife. 1846F. Brittan tr. Malgaigne's Oper. Surg. 336 We shall say nothing of refreshing the edges by means of a blister. 1880MacCormac Antisept. Surg. 208 The distal and proximate ends of the gut were now ‘refreshed’, and the margins accurately united with sutures.
7. a. intr. (for refl.) To refresh oneself (cf. 2 b); to take refreshment in some way; now spec. to partake of some refreshing liquor.
1650Cromwell Let. 30 July in Carlyle, In the morning..we resolved to draw back to our quarters at Musselburgh, there to refresh and revictual. 1706Farquhar Recruiting Officer i. i, Tell her I shall only refresh a little, and wait upon her. 1777Earl of Chatham Sp. 2 Dec. in Hansard's Parl. Hist. (1814) XIX. 476 Not men sufficient to man the works, while those fatigued with service and watching go to refresh, eat, or sleep. 1856Olmsted Slave States 612 Working this way for three weeks, and then refreshing for about one. 1895Cornh. Mag. Oct. 396 Young men..danced and perspired and refreshed.
b. To lay in fresh supplies.
1685R. Burton Eng. Emp. Amer. i. 5 One of the Canary Islands, where having refresht, after many days, they encountered the Sea. 1748Anson's Voy. ii. iv. 157 It was not the most eligible place for a ship to refresh at. 1853Kane Grinnell Exp. xli. (1856) 411 It had been determined..that we should refresh at Whale Fish Islands.
Hence reˈfreshed ppl. a.
1646Mem. Occurrences D ij, His daily refreshed memory. 1701Norris Ideal World i. iii. 175 After this little devotional interlude my refreshed reader may accompany me with new vigour. 1812L. Hunt in Examiner 14 Sept. 587/2 The numbers and the refreshed vigour which Bonaparte will be able to pour into Spain. 1871Ruskin Fors Clav. xi, They came out in a highly refreshed state. |