| 释义 |
impropriation|ɪmprəʊprɪˈeɪʃən|
[n. of action from impropriate v.: see -ation.]
1. The action of impropriating; the annexation of a benefice or its revenues to a corporation, office, or individual, esp. (b) (in later use) to a lay corporation or a lay proprietor.
By 17–18th c. law writers distinguished from appropriation: see quot. 1708, and appropriation 2. Although the distinction has app. no etymological or historical basis (cf. etymology of improper v.1), the assignment of a benefice to a monastic house, and to a layman, being alike call impropriation in the 16th c., the later usage has been to restrict impropriation to the lay proprietorship of tithes or other ecclesiastical revenues.
1535F. Bygod (title) A treatyse concernynge impropriations of benefyces. 1549Latimer 6th Serm. bef. Edw. VI (Arb.) 168 Wyth impropriacions he [the Devil] hath turned preachynge in to priuate Masses. 1575–85Abp. Sandys Serm. (Parker Soc.) 45 Rome hath robbed Christ of his honour, and by impropriations given his patrimony to idle fat monks to feed upon. 1660R. Coke Power & Subj. 215 If the Pope did give Abbots and Priors power, being Ecclesiastical persons, to make divers Impropriations to their benefit, the King will take a power to take them all away, and convert them into Lay-fees, and incorporate them..into particular mens estates. 1697[see impropriate v. 2 b].
(b)1621Burton Anat. Mel. Democr. to Rdr. (1651) 64 No impropriations, no lay patrons of church livings. 1708Termes de la Ley 396 Impropriation is properly so called, when the Advowson is in the Hands of a Layman, and Appropriation, when in the Hands of a Bishop, College, &c. 1741Richardson Pamela (1824) I. xxxii. 318 A bill for restoring to it [the church] all that it had lost by impropriations and other secularizations. 1868J. H. Blunt Ref. Ch. Eng. I. 25 note, Impropriations are the alienation of tithes to laymen.
b. The proprietorship conveyed by this action.
1631Weever Anc. Fun. Mon. 356 The Churches..were impropriated to the Deane..by diuers Bishops; the Impropriations whereof were theirs at that time. 1849Stovel Introd. Canne's ‘Necess.’ 110 An impression..that, by appealing to the benevolence of individuals, the impropriations of church livings might be purchased and put in trust for the use of such ministers as they might approve.
c. An impropriated benefice; a living, tithes, etc., held by a religious house, or (in later use) by a layman or lay corporation.
1578in Neal Hist. Purit. (1732) I. 367 Besides the impropriations in our shire. 1589Cooper Admon. 78 Those lawes..whereby Impropriations and Patronages stande as mens lawfull possession and heritage. 1605T. Ryves Vicar's Plea (1620) 98 The parsonages were heretofore..granted to the Monkes in proprios vsus from whence they haue their name of Impropriations. a1661Fuller Worthies (1840) II. 292 An impropriation which the Lord Gray of Wilton..restored to the Church. 1761–2Hume Hist. Eng. (1806) IV. lii. 105 Certain zealots had erected themselves into a society for buying in of impropriations, and transfering them to the church. 1778Eng. Gazetteer (ed. 2) s.v. Northleech, A free grammar-school, endowed with the impropriation of Chedworth, worth 80l. a-year. 1861Tulloch Eng. Purit. I. 32 It required..that impropriations annexed to bishoprics and colleges be converted into regular rectorial livings.
†2. gen. The action of making proper or peculiar to some person or thing; appropriation; in quot. 1614, ‘exclusive possession’ (Todd). Obs.
1611W. Loe Bliss of Br. Beauty (1614) 29 (T.) The Gnosticks had, as they deemed, the impropriation of all divine knowledge. 1654Whitlock Zootomia 266 Is the Impropriation of some rich Beauty thy Designe? 1728Sir J. Browne Ess. Trade (1729) 48 When..either their own Extravagance, or the general Impropriation of Things reduc'd any to Want, they hired themselves out to Labour.
†b. Something appropriated to a private owner; a property. Obs.
1651Hobbes Govt. & Soc. Ep. Ded., What Nature at first laid forth in common, men did afterwards distribute into severall Impropriations. 1651Cleveland Poems 7, I will never be your Impropriation.
3. The action of taking in the ‘proper’ or literal sense. nonce-use.
1825Coleridge Aids Refl. (1848) I. 257 The impropriation of this metaphor—(that is, the taking it literally). |