| 释义 |
▪ I. regiment, n.|ˈrɛdʒɪmənt|
Also 5–6 regement.
[ad. late L. regimentum, f. L. regĕre to rule: see -ment, and cf. F. régiment (1314).]
1. Rule or government over a person, people, or country; esp. royal or magisterial authority. Now rare (very common c 1550–1680).
1390Gower Conf. III. 233 Pite is the foundement Of every kinges regiment, If it be medled with justice. a1502Charter London cxi. in Arnolde Chron. (1811) 43 Hens forth yt he be vnder the regement and gouernaunce of the Mayr and Aldirmen. c1557Abp. Parker Ps. xcii, But thou..as Lord and president For ever standst unmoveable and wyse in regiment. 1576Fleming Panopl. Epist. 33 What place is there in all the world, not subiect to the regiment and power of this citie? a1617Bayne On Eph. (1658) 153 The King hath a more intimate..regiment over his Queen than over any other subject. 1698[R. Ferguson] View Eccles. 100 Without which there could be no Superiority, nor Subordination and consequently no Regiment in the World. 1826E. Irving Babylon II. vii. 177 He tried, by all human wisdom, to gain security and steadfastness to his regiment. 1832Austin Jurispr. vi. (1879) I. 261 The powers of ecclesiastical regiment which none but the church should wield.
†b. Manner, method, or system of ruling or governing; a form of polity, a regime. Obs.
1474in Tighe & Davies Windsor (1858) I. 400 The Statutes for the Order and Regiment to be hadde, used, and contynued in the Corporacion. 1535Coverdale Bible Ded. ⁋6 In all godly regimentes of olde tyme the kynge and temporall iudge was obeyed of euery man. 1576Fleming Panopl. Epist. 197 You account tyrannicall regiment, an execrable regiment. 1605Bacon Adv. Learn. ii. ii. §13 History Civill, in respect of the Habitations, Regiments, and Manners of the people. a1676Hale Prim. Orig. Man. (1677) 6 The knowledge of History, of Humane Laws,..of Political and Oeconomical regiments.
2.
†a. The office or function of a ruler. Obs. (Common c 1550–1610, chiefly with verbs of receiving, accepting, etc., and their opposites.)
1390Gower Conf. I. 218 Whan this king was passed thus, This false tunged Perseus The regiment hath underfonge. 1494Fabyan Chron. vi. clviii. 147 He obteynyd the regyment and gouernaunce of the abouesayde Kynge. a1572Knox Hist. Ref. Wks. 1846 I. 431 Ane man..maist unworthy of ony regiment in ane weill rewlit commun-wealth. 1591Troub. Raigne K. John ii. (1611) 86 To seeke a meane To dispossesse Iohn of his regiment. 1596Spenser F.Q. ii. x. 30 When he had resigned his regiment. 1630B. Jonson New Inn ii. ii, A rare stateswoman! I admire her bearing In her new regiment.
†b. The time or period during which one rules; a reign. Obs.
1566Cecil in Strype Ann. Ref. (1709) I. xlvii. 481 Otherwise her Regiment will prove very troublesome and unquiet. 1582Reg. Privy Council Scot. III. 473 Laitlie, in the regiment of umquhile James, sumtyme Erll of Mortoun. 1609Holland Amm. Marcell. 203 During his regiment there was hardly any man..could have remedie were it never so just and reasonable. 1630Prynne Anti-Armin. 85 During all the time of his exile for Religion in Queene Maries bloody Regiment.
†3. Government or control over oneself, one's feelings or actions. Obs.
c1412Hoccleve De Reg. Princ. 2052 Of Gyles of regyment Of princes, plotmel thynke I to translate. 1483Caxton Cato 2 b, This is a singuler book and may well be callyd the regyment or gouernaunce of the body and sowle. 1605Bacon Adv. Learn. ii. xxi. §6 For it concerneth the Regiment & gouernment of euery man, over himself, & not ouer others. 1679Penn Addr. Prot. ii. 219 Speculations that have no influence upon holy Living, or tendency to the Regiment of our Passions.
†b. Control or influence exercised by one thing over another, or over a person. Obs.
1390Gower Conf. III. 115 Whom this planete under⁓fongeth To stonde upon his regiment, He schal be meke and pacient. 1528Paynell Salerne's Regim. C iij, The membres or places of mans body, in whiche is the regiment, that is, the digestion of meates and humours. 1591Sylvester Du Bartas i. ii. 95 Not, that at all times, one same Element In one same Body hath the Regiment. 1635Swan Spec. M. (1670) 179 Sith this lunar regiment is pertinent to most seas. 1674Grew Nat. Mixture ii. §6 Yet doth not this vast Diversity take away the Regiment and Subordination of Principles.
†c. Gram. = regimen 3. Obs. rare—1.
1591Percivall Sp. Dict. E iv, Regiment is, when any part of speech requireth or gouerneth in construction, any case or moode to be set before him or after him.
†4. The ruling or governing of a person, people or place. Obs.
a1529Skelton Sp. Parrot 431 For o ower regente the regimente he hathe. 1555Eden Decades 22 Leauinge the hole regiment of the Iland with his brother the Lieuetenaunte. 1610J. Dove Advt. Seminaries 49 Saints departed have the regiment of whole Provinces. 1652Needham tr. Selden's Mare Cl. Auth. Pref., The consent of men and gods..would have the regiment of Sea and Land bee in thy power. 1702C. Mather Magn. Chr. iv. vii. (1852) 136 Could we see the unseen regiment of the world..what an awe would it strike us with!
†b. The management, guidance, or control of a thing or affair. Obs. rare. Cf. regimen 4.
1477Norton Ord. Alch. vi. in Ashm. (1652) 101 Now lerne the Regiment of your Fiers. 1651N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. ii. v. (1739) 26 The greatest Lords thought the Regiment of Sea-affairs worthy of the best of their Rank. 1741Betterton Eng. Stage vi. 82 We shall proceed to the Regiment and proper Motions of the Head.
†5. Med. Rule of diet or mode of living. = regimen 2. Obs. (Common in phr. regiment of health.)
1525Ld. Berners tr. Froiss. II. clxxxix. [clxxxv.] 577 If they had ordred hym in his youthe, and so contynued by a reasonable regement,..this syckenesse had nat fallen to hym nowe. 1582J. Hester Secr. Phiorav. i. xxiii. 26 Let them keepe a good regemente of life. 1612Woodall Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 87 The particular Regiment is in remedies which conserve and strengthen [etc.]. 1669Pref. Digby's Closet Opened, According to that old Saw in the Regiment of Health, Incipe cum Liquido, etc. 1768Foote Devil on 2 Sticks iii. (1778) 46 What signifies a palliative regiment, with such a rotten constitution.
†6. A rule, regulation, ordinance. Obs.
1546Bale Eng. Votaries i. (1560) 13 b, After he had furnished it with new regiments and lawes. a1548Hall Chron., Rich. III 42 The metrician coulde not obseruynge the regimentes of metre ende the seconde verse in Bore. a1617Bayne On Coloss. (1634) 349 The worke is double, internall or externall: regiments, or direction.
†b. Naut. (See quots.) Obs.
1574Bourne Regiment for Sea Pref. (1577) A iij b, A Table of Declination calculated for fowre yeres,..which the See⁓men doo call a Regiment. 1594J. Davis Seaman's Secr. (1607) 18 You must also by your Regiment or other tables, search to know the declination of that body which you obserue.
†7. A place or country under a particular rule; a kingdom, province, domain, district. Obs.
1390Gower Conf. III. 127 The ferste regiment Toward the part of Orient..Governed is of Signes thre. 1590Spenser F.Q. ii. ix. 59 An auncient booke..That of this lands first conquest did devize, And old division into Regiments. 1601Holland Pliny I. 113 So much for the principall nations of this countrey. As for the States, Tetrarchies, and regiments, there be in all 195. 1635E. Pagitt Christianogr. ii. vi. (1636) 39 That Councell divided the Regiment of the Church into foure Patriarchall Sees. 1662in Buccleuch MSS. (Hist. MSS. Comm.) I. 540 A company of foot raised or to be raised in Long-acre or thereabouts in the Regiment of Westminster and the Liberty thereof.
transf.1602L. Lloyd Confer. Lawes 1 The elements are commaunded to staie within their owne regiments, without trespassing one of another. 1623Webster Duchess Malfi Ded., Men who never saw the sea, yet desire to behold that regiment of waters. 1625Jackson Creed v. iii. 14 Speculatiue notions are seated in the head or vtmost confines of the soules regiment.
8. Mil. A considerable body of troops, more or less permanently organized under the command of a superior officer, and forming a definite unit of an army or military force; since the 17th c. the specific name of the largest permanent unit of the cavalry, infantry, and foot-guards of the British Army. regiment of the line: see line n.2 21 b.
The precise application of the term in the British Army was considerably altered by the changes made in 1881, when the old numbered infantry regiments (see quot. 1876) were converted into battalions of the new Territorial Regiments finally formed in that year.
1579Digges Stratioticos iii. vii. 96 If his Regiment amount to the number of a fiue or sixe thousande [etc.]. 1590Sir J. Smyth Disc. Weapons 6 It was verie meete and conuenient that all that whole regiment should bee reduced into bands of 150. soldiers to an Ensigne. 1598Barret Theor. Warres Gloss. 252 Regiment, a Dutch word, is a number of sundry companies vnder the charge of a Colonell. 1603Knolles Hist. Turks (1621) 67 To that purpose was every mans regiment appointed what place to assaile. 1630R. Johnson's Kingd. & Commw. 147 These companies..are now againe of late yeares dissolved, and in their place the Regiments now entertained, are five in number. 1665Manley Grotius' Low C. Warres 834 The hope of the Venetian Warr being deferred,..the Spanish Regiments came thence into the Netherlands. 1710Steele Tatler No. 100 ⁋4 As idle People use to gather about a Regiment, that are exercising their Arms. 1775Sheridan Rivals i. ii, He is at present with his regiment. 1853Stocqueler Milit. Encycl. 230/1 The ordinary strength of a regiment of infantry of a single battalion is 750. 1876Voyle & Stevenson Milit. Dict. 51/1 The 109 regiments of the line include 12 Highland regiments, and the first twenty-five have 2 battalions each. 1881(title) Report of Committee on the Formation of Territorial Regiments as proposed by Colonel Stanley's Committee.
b. transf. and fig. in various contexts; esp. a large array or number (of anything).
1605Sylvester Du Bartas ii. i. iii. Furies 484 The fell fourth Regiment, is outward Tumours. c1645Howell Lett. (1650) II. 37, I find as high examples of vertue in women as in men: I could produce heer a whole regiment of them. 1722De Foe Col. Jack (1840) 27 You look as if you belonged to the ragged regiment. 1768–74Tucker Lt. Nat. (1834) I. 236 If they find you invulnerable in front, they will detach a regiment of secret motives to take you in rear. 1849Mrs. Carlyle Lett. II. 84 A cat..to eat the regiments of mice. 1860All Year Round No. 70. 475 Regiments of old vellum-bound books.
†c. A number of individuals formed into a body or group; a class or kind. Obs.
1610Healey St. Aug. Citie of God x. ix. Comm. 354 Proclus diuides the diuels into fiue regiments rather then fiue kinds, distinguishing them by their functions. 1634W. Wood New Eng. Prosp. (1865) 30 Although an Eagle be counted King of that feathered regiment, yet is there a certaine blacke Hawke that beats him. 1656Earl of Monmouth tr. Boccalini's Advts. fr. Parnass. i. xlvii. (1674) 63 [He] was forced to send..for a new Regiment of Dogs, to bring his Sheep to better obedience.
†9. pl. Regimentals. Obs. rare—1.
1759H. Walpole Lett., to G. Montagu 19 July (1846) III. 464 The regiments, too, are very becoming, scarlet faced with black, buff waistcoats, and gold buttons.
10. attrib. and Comb., as (sense 8) regiment commander, regiment piece, regiment sword.
1684J. Peter Siege Vienna 109 Regiment Pieces of Prince Rupert's Invention. 1722De Foe Col. Jack (1840) 115 They stood upon their defence having the regiment swords on. 1886Pall Mall G. 8 Oct. 2/1 An appeal to Russia to send us..brigade and regiment commanders.
▪ II. regiment, v.|ˈrɛdʒɪmənt|
[f. prec.]
1. trans. Mil. To form into a regiment or regiments. (Chiefly in pass.) Also transf.
1617Collins Def. Bp. Ely 546 Diuers kinds of fishes are ranked and regimented vnder the conduct of some one fish. 1689G. Walker Siege Derry 41 Of 7500 Men Regimented we had now alive but about 4300. 1748Anson's Voy. ii. vi. 196 There were two hundred horse.., properly trained and regimented. a1797H. Walpole Mem. Geo. III (1845) I. x. 144 A plan for regimenting twenty-five thousand papists in Ireland for the same service. 1827Scott Napoleon lxxiv. Wks. 1870 XV. 79 A great part of the inhabitants were regimented and embodied. 189819th Cent. Feb. 223 The rebel force, regimented and armed throughout the country, was estimated at close upon three hundred thousand men.
refl.1788Hist. in Ann. Reg. 200* The peasants arming and regimenting themselves in considerable numbers.
absol.1845Carlyle Cromwell (1871) I. 177 The new General is full of business, regimenting, discharging, enlisting.
b. To form (persons, now esp. workers) into a definitely organized body or group.
1718Free-thinker No. 50 (1733) 239 He lives in a degenerate Age, and in a Nation regimented into Factions. 1731Fielding Letter-writers iii. vii, Why, the rogues are incorporated, they are regimented. 1847Grote Greece ii. xxxi. IV. 175 They continued to be a separate fraternity, and would not submit to be regimented anew under an altered category and denomination. 1878Fraser's Mag. XVIII. 194 They must be ‘regimented’ under captains of industry who will compel them to their task.
c. To bring or put (things) into some definite order or system; to organize, systematize.
1698[R. Ferguson] View Eccles. Pref., Yet being otherwise Regimented and Marshal'd into sentences. 1866Carlyle in Morning Star 4 Apr. 5/5 Very many things could be regimented and organised into the mute system of education that Goethe evidently adumbrates there. 1873A. L. Perry Elem. Pol. Econ. (ed. 8) 535 The..folly of law-makers, who..have struggled to regiment all industry.
2. To assign to a regiment or group.
1774Kames Sketches ii. ix. (1807) II. 261 In Switzerland..every male who can bear arms is regimented, and subjected to military discipline. 1856Froude Hist. Eng. I. i. 13 Every man was regimented somewhere;..the restrictions both on masters and servants were..severe. |