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▪ I. † walm, n.1 Obs.
Forms: α. 1 wælm, 2– walm, 6 (? qualme), wawlme, wawme, whalme, 6–7 walme, waulm(e, waume, 8 waum. β. 1 welm, (wi(e)lm, wylm), 4 welm(e.
[OE. wælm (wielm, etc.; also in ǽ-wielm spring), str. masc. a gushing, swirling of (boiling) liquids; boiling; heat, etc. = mod. WFris. wâlm(e smoke, vapour, mod.Flem. (dial.) walm, wolm, wave bubble, a gushing, etc., Du. walm, LG. walm smoke, OHG., MHG. walm, str. masc. heat, passion, G. (dial.) walm ebullition, boiling, whirlpool, MDan. valm, volm heat:—OTeut. *walmi-z, a derivative of *wel- (cf. ON. olmr raging:—*walmo-, ylja to warm:—*wuljan, ylr warmth, affection:—*wuli-z, Goth. wulan to be fervent), the radical sense of which is doubtful.
In the sequence of senses here adopted it is assumed that the notion of surging motion was the original, from which, through the idea of boiling, was developed the idea of heat. In this case *wel- is perh. related to Pre-Teut. *wel(ū̆) to roll, see wallow, etc. It is possible that two originally distinct radical elements became confused in Teut. See wall v.1, to which this word serves as a noun of action.]
1. a. (In OE. only.) Surging or heaving movement (of waves). Chiefly in phrases like wæteres, ýða wielm, often used poet, for ‘sea’ or ‘waves’. Hence b. A wave, billow.
c900Bæda's Hist. iii. xv. (1890) 200 Ᵹestilde seo sæ fram ðam wylme. a1000Andreas 452 He yðum stilde, wæteres wælmum. c1325Songs on Learning Music in Rel. Ant. I. 292 Me is wo so is þe be þat belles in þe walmes. 1558T. Phaer æneid viii. (1562) Aa ij, Ye liuelong night did Tiber flood his streames down couch & calme..yt nether mouing made of waue nor walme. 1581J. Studley Seneca's Hercules Œtæus ii. 195 b, I smoothed haue the wrastling waues, and layde downe euery walme. 1592W. Wyrley Armorie, Ld. Chandos 84 The wanton Dolphin dallieth on ech walme.
2. A gushing forth, or upwelling of water; a spring, fountain, water-source; the water of such.
Beowulf 2546 Wæs ðære burnan wælm heaðofyrum hat. a897ælfred Gregory's Past. C. (1871) 373 He drincð of ðæm wielme his aᵹnes pyttes. c1175Lamb. Hom. 141 Þe stan to-chan and fouwer walmes of watere sprungen ut þer of. 13..Guy Warw. 3592 Al to-hewe was his helme, Þe blod ran out als a welme. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 429 In þe welmes ofter þan ones Is y-founde reed splekked stones; In tokene of [þe] blood reed, Þat þe mayde Wynefrede Schadde at þat putte.
3. a. The bubbling and heaving of water, etc. in process of boiling (melting, etc.). Also, one such motion; a ‘wallop’, a bubble.
a1000Cynewulf Juliana 583 In ðæs leades wylm scufan. c1425Seven Sages (P.) 2363 Thys sevene walmes sygnyfye Seven devels in thy Companye, That ben thy seven clerkys. a1450Lovelich Grail lvi. 397 That water that Cold was before, Anon brenneng hot it be-Cam thore, and with grete walmes it boyllede so faste, that the dewkes hondis it brende. 1594T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. ii. lix. 333 Euen as fire causeth water to swell and to send forth great waumes. a1648Digby Closet Opened (1677) 28 Let it have a little walm of heat after it. 1688Holme Armoury iii. 85/2 Walm, a little seething or boiling up of Liquor in a Pot.
b. In advb. phrase, (to be, set) a walm: in a boiling condition. Also used fig.
1609J. Davies (Heref.) Humours Heav. (Grosart) 46/2 He was a walme, he could not stay impeaching, Who smoakt with heat; and chokt all with the smother. c1612― Wits Pilgr. (Grosart) 28 The Seas vnfit to saile on, if too calme: As it is when it is too turbulent: Then, the meane motion sets it so a walme As doth the Sailors Eare, and Eye content.
c. A spell of boiling: = wallop n. 2 b.
1558Warde tr. Alexis' Secr. (1568) 63 b, Let them boile at eche time but onelye one wawme. 1575Turberv. Venerie lxxix. 230 Let them boyle two or three whalmes vpon the fire. Ibid., Let them boyle therein, a whalme or a wallop in a pewter pot. 1579Langham Gard. Health 15 Put in good store of Sugar, & seethe it a walme or two. 1599A. M. tr. Gabelhouer's Bk. Physicke 4/1 Let it seeth on the fyer one qualme or two. 1601Holland Pliny xxiii. ii. II. 157 These togither in a kettle they did set to boile, and let them have ten walms over the fire. 1653T. Brugis Vade Mecum (ed. 2) 170 Boyle them a walm or two. 1675H. Woolley Gentlew. Comp. 145 Stir them together, and give them a walm. a1691Boyle Medicin. Exp. vii. (1693) 62 Stop the Bottle, and keep it in boiling Water, till the Water has made three or four walms. c1720W. Gibson Farrier's Dispens. x. (1734) 245 Boil..in fiue Pints of Whey made of Cow's Milk, and after two or three brisk Waums, remove..from the fire. 1728E. Smith Compl. Housew. (1750) 88 Put them in the pot when the water boils, and let them have four or five walms.
4. Salt-making. ‘A certain measure of salt after boiling’ (Leigh Chesh. Gloss., 1877); in quots. a vessel of some kind holding this quantity.
The identity of the word, and the correctness of Leigh's interpretation, are somewhat doubtful.
1634Brereton Trav. (Chetham Soc.) 16 The salt made is not disposed into sacks, walms, or any other measures, but lieth in huge great heaps. 1693Act 5 Will. & Mary c. 7 §23 Salt made..in the County Palatine of Chester when taken from the Pans is put into Walms Baskettes or Vessells.
5. Comb.: walm-hot adj. blazing-hot, boiling-hot. (Cf. walming hot.)
a1000Cædmon's Gen. 2584 Him breᵹo engla wylmhatne liᵹ to wræce sende. a1225Juliana 68 He het fecchen a ueat and wið pich fullen, and wallen hit walmhat.
▪ II. † walm, n.2
Var. of qualm n.1, killing, execution.
c1205Lay. 22124 And wulc mon swa wurs dude þene þe king hafde iboden he wolde hine ifusen to ane bare walme, and ȝit hit weore læð mon he sculde hongie for þon.
▪ III. † walm, v. Obs.
Forms: α. 4–7 walm(e, 6 ? qualm, 7 waulm. β. 4 welm-, 7 welm, whelm.
[f. walm n.1, possibly repr. an unrecorded OE. derivative *wælman (*wielman, etc.). Cf. mod.Flem. (dial.) walmen to boil, bubble, Du. walmen to smoke, G. (dial.) walmen to boil, welmen to undulate, well up, flame up.
This verb appears to have become confused (esp. in the β forms) with whelm v. (q.v.). The relationship of wamble v. is obscure but may depend upon a transposition of the l. Cf. wamble, whammel, whemmel etc. = whelm v.]
1. intr.
a. Of water: To well up, gush or spout forth. Usually const. advs. forth, out, up, etc.
a1300Floriz & Bl. (Hausknecht) 719 [Þe wal] He welmeþ up so he were wod And chaungeþ fram water in to blod. a1366Chaucer Rom. Rose 1561 The water is evere fresh & newe, That welmeth up with wawis bright. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. ii. viii. (1495) b v, As a thynge yt boyllyth by strengthe welmyth & lepyth, and throwyth & shedyth itself all abowte. 1582Batman Barth. De P.R. xiii. i. 190 Other waters spring and walme out of the inner parts of the earth, as well water and pit water. 1606Holland Suetonius 75 He lay with his bed chamber dores open, and oftentimes within a cloisture supported with pillers, hauing water walming out of a spring, or running from a spout in a conduit. 1610― Camden's Brit. (1637) 505 A place..out of which there walme Springs in great plenty. c1630Risdon Surv. Devon (1714) II. 83 Here is a Pond..maintained by Springs, which continually welm and boil up. Ibid. 340 But of certain Pits, in the Moors of this Parish, brackish Water whelmeth forth. 1681J. Chetham Angler's Vade-m. x. (1689) 100 On the very top of Cadier Arthur Hill in Brecknockshire, there walmeth forth a spring of water.
b. fig. To abound; be plentiful.
1399Langl. Rich. Redeles iii. 114 Þe wikkid werchinge þat walmed in her daies, And ȝit woll here-after.
c. Of smoke, vapour, etc.: To swirl, billow; to issue forth in such a manner. rare.
1601Holland Pliny ii. xliii. I. 21 A smokie fume walmeth up with many turnings like waves. 1609― Amm. Marcell. xvii. i. 80 They saw afarre off a mightie deale of smoke waulming up into the aire. 1908Hardy Dynasts III. iii. iii. 387 Throats shout ‘advance’ And forms walm, wallow, and slack suddenly.
2. To swell, bubble, as in boiling; to boil.
[1599: see qualm v.2] 1610Holland Camden's Brit. (1637) 235 The waters boile, and walme to our desire.
Hence ˈwalming vbl. n.1 ˈwalming ppl. a., glowing, seething; also in phr. walming hot.
c1530Judic. Urines ii. ii. 12 By reason of rollyng and walmyng of the blode about in the veynes of y⊇ body. 1601Holland Pliny ii. ciii. I. 46 At the very foot of ætna..for..an hundred miles, the waulming round bals and flakes of fire cast out sand and ashes. 1610― Camden's Brit. i. 681 The Stuples did send away a waulming hote vapor. |