| 释义 |
▪ I. † ween, n. Obs.
Forms: 1–2, 3–4 wen, 3–6 wene, (3 wæne), 4–5 weene; Sc. and north. 4–5 weyne, 4 vene, veyn, 5 weyn.
[OE. wén fem. (rarely masc. or neut.) corresp. to OFris. wên opinion, OS. wân masc., hope, OHG., MHG. wân masc., opinion, hope, etc. (mod.G. wahn fem., delusion), ON. ván fem., hope, Goth. wēn-s hope:—OTeut. *wǣni-z, f. Teut. and Indogermanic root *wen- to love.]
1. Opinion, belief. (Cf. wone n.)
c888ælfred Boeth. xl. §3 Ne bið lof na ðy læsse, ac is wen þæt hit sie þy mare. a1250Ancr. R. 390 note, Efter monnes wene. c1250Gen. & Ex. 73 Ðis ik wort in ebrisse wen, He witen ðe soðe ðat is sen. Ibid. 3271 Egipcienes woren in twired wen queðer he sulden folȝen or flen. a1275Prov. ælfred 215 in O.E. Misc. 115, & ich her ȝu wille leren wenes mine, wit & wisdome.
2. Expectation, hope. (Cf. wone n.)
Beowulf 383 (Gr.) Þæs ic wen hæbbe. c1205Lay. 28141 Of þine kume nis na wene for no weneð heo nauere to soðe þat þu cumen aȝin from Rome. a1300Floriz & Bl. 651 (Camb. MS.) To hire was mi meste wene, For to habbe to mi quene. 1390Gower Conf. II. 88 It were betre be refused Than forto worchen upon weene.
3. Probability, supposition; doubt.
Beowulf 1845 (Gr.) Wen ic taliᵹe..þæt þe Sæ-Ᵹeatas selran næbben to ᵹeceosenne cyning æniᵹne. c1205Lay. 13503 Hit bið a muchele wæne whær ȝe i-seon me auere mare. Ibid. 18752 Þa ȝet hit weore a wene whar þu heo mihtes aȝe. c1300Cursor M. 1104 Bituixand þei þe southe had sene O thing þai wist noght bot a wene.
4. Phrases.
a. wen is, is wen: the probability is (that{ddd}), it is probable (that{ddd}).
c897ælfred Gregory's Past. C. xi. 72 Forðæm hit is wen ðæt se ne mæᵹe oðerra monna scylde ofaðwean [etc.]. 971Blickl. Hom. 235 Wen is þæt ic ᵹefyrenode. Ibid. 239 Cum nu mid us..þy læs wen is þæt hi us eft ᵹenimon. c1000Ags. Gosp. John viii. 19 Ᵹyf ᵹe me cuþon, wen is þæt ᵹe cuþon minne fæder. c1200Ormin 7152, & wen iss þatt he wass forrdredd & serrhfull in hiss herrte.
b. without(en (any) ween, but ween (Sc.), forout(en ween (Sc.): without doubt.
c1200Ormin 4326 Þu findesst wiss wiþþutenn wen Rihhte ehhte siþe an hunndredd. c1205Lay. 6311 To soðen wihuten wene þe laȝe hehte Marciane. a1300Cursor M. 468 In þat curt þat is so clene, May na filth in dwell wituten wene. a1366Chaucer Rom. Rose 574 Withouten wene, Wel semyde by hir apparayle She was not wont to gret trauayle. c1374― Troylus iv. 1593 Er Phebus suster lucyna the shene, The leon passe out of þis ariete, I wol ben here with-outen ony wene. 1375Barbour Bruce vi. 162 Thai presit hym so fast, That, had he nocht the bettir beyn, He had beyn ded forouten veyn. Ibid. xix. 292 The erll sperit giff he had seyne The Inglis host; ‘ȝa, schir, but weyne’. c1440York Myst. xi. 104, I will go witte with⁓owten wene. c1450Holland Houlate 382 Of Scotland the wer wall, wit ȝe but wene, Our fais force to defend. c1500Lancelot 2880 The thrid..was o manly knycht, but weyne. c1550Rolland Crt. Venus iii. 51 Twentie and fiue, quhen thay war red but wene.
▪ II. † ween, a. Obs. rare.
[a. ON. vǽnn:—OTeut. type *wǣnjo-, f. *wǣni- ween n.]
Beautiful.
13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 945 Ho watz þe fayrest in felle.., & wener þen Wenore [Guenever], as þe wyȝe þoȝt.
▪ III. ween, v. Obs. exc. arch.|wiːn|
Pa. tense and pple. weened |wiːnd|. Forms: 1 wénan, wǽnan, 2–4 wenen, 3 weone, 3–5 wen, 3–6 wene, 4–5 whene, Sc. ven(e, vein, 4–6 Sc. and north. weyn(e, 5 veyn, 6 wean, 6–7 Sc. wein(e, 4–7 weene, 5– ween; 3–4, 6 win(n, wyn(n. pa. tense 1 wénde, 3–6 wende, 3 wænde, 3–6 wend, 4 Sc. whende, vend, 5–6 Sc. weind, weynd; 3–6 went(e, 4 north. weint, 5 wentt, whente, (6 Sc. wont, wount, wint). pa. pple. 4–6 wend(e, went, 5 whent.
[A Common Teut. weak verb: OE. wénan corresp. to OFris. wêna to think, OS. wânian (MLG. wênen, wânen, LG. wanen), OLow Frankish wânan (MDu., Du. wanen to fancy, think), OHG. wânnen, wânen (MHG. wænen, mod.G. wähnen to suppose wrongly, imagine), ON. vǽna to hope, Goth. wēnjan to hope:—OTeut. *wǣnjan, f. *wǣni- ween n.
The word seems to have gone out of general use in the 17th c. It has survived as an archaism, esp. in the parenthetic formula illustrated in 1 h.]
1. trans. In regard to what is present or past: To think, surmise, suppose, conceive, believe, consider. In ME. often with well.
a. Const. object-clause, with or without that.
971Blickl. Hom. 55 Þa word þe he wenþ þæt him leofoste syn to ᵹehyrenne. 1154O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1137 Al þe tunscipe fluᵹæn for heom, wenden ðæt hi wæron ræueres. c1200Ormin 11585 Forr þatt te deofell shollde Wel wenenn þatt he wære mann. c1250Gen. & Ex. 1543 Ysaac wende it were esau. a1300Cursor M. 7557 Quat! wyns þou i am a hund? 1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 10596 He went he had be hys brother. 1471Caxton Recuyell (Sommer) 148 Whan they sawe Iupiter, they had went he had ben half man and half hors. 1530Palsgr. 756/2 The castell which men wente had ben inprennable, is throwen downe nowe. 1532More Confut. Tindale Wks. 455/1 If they had but tolde the myracles that Christ did, the countries to whom they were sent, woulde haue went that they had lyed. 1580Fulke Martiall Confuted iv. 169 Let him looke in his lexicon, where I weene al his Greeke is. 1600Holland Livy v. xxxix. 205 The Romanes..weening that there was none left alive. 1614Camden Rem., Prov. 313 They that be in hell wene there is no other heauen. 1721Colin's Mistakes iv. 3 Well I ween, That..Dan Spenser makes the fav'rite Goddess known. 1805Scott Last Minstr. iii. xxxi, Some said that there were thousands ten; And others ween'd that it was nought But Leven clans, or Tynedale men. 1838Mrs. Browning Deserted Garden xii, Though never a dream the roses sent Of science or love's compliment, I ween they smelt as sweet. 1848Lytton Harold vi. i, But well I ween that Gryffyth will never keep troth with the English.
†b. Const. infin. to ween to be or do = to think that one is or does. Obs.
c1200Vices & Virtues 9 Sume weneð bien sacleas of ðessere senne [of swearing], for ðan ðe me nett hem to ðan aðe. c1205Lay. 24535 ælc wende to beon betere þene oðer. a1300Cursor M. 12119 Þof þou wen make-less to be, Þat nan in lare sal teche þe. c1374Chaucer Anel. & Arc. 96 So that she wende haue al his hert yknowe. 1390Gower Conf. I. 15 Betwen tuo Stoles lyth the fal, Whan that men wenen best to sitte. c1450Knt. de la Tour cxi. 151 After this sorw, that she went to haue loste her sone, she hadde another. 1513Douglas æneis i. Prol. 131 Quhen we best wene To haue Virgill red, understand, and sene, The richt sentence perchance is fer to seik. 1638Junius Paint. Ancients 150 The parret..weening to see another parret in the glasse.
†c. Const. obj. and compl. (n. or adj.). Obs.
c1230Hali Meid. (1922) 10 Al is þet tu wendest golt, iwurðe to meastling. 1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 40 Weenynge his liif glorios þat is vicious. c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 12 Men schal nat wenyn euery thyng a lye For that he say it nat of ȝore ago. c1430Pilgr. Lyf Manhode ii. lxvi. (1869) 100 Gretli j am abasht þat þou þat j wende a nice man answerest me so wel. 1533More Answ. poysoned Bk. Wks. 1036/1 They..should shortlye perceiue in euery place where they wene themselfe many, how very few they be. 1582Stanyhurst æneis ii. (Arb.) 44 Weene you..thee Greekish nauye returned? 1596Spenser F.Q. vii. vi. 11 Shee her selfe more worthy thereof wend.
†d. Const. obj. and infin. Obs.
1340–70Alex. & Dind. 534 So wis wenst þou þe be. 1390Gower Conf. I. 96, I wot thou wolt nothing forbere Of that thou wenest be thi beste. 1456Sir G. Haye Law Arms (S.T.S.) 265 That thai may be kend wenand thame self till have rychtwis caus. 1528in Pocock Rec. Reform. I. 85 We wening the same to have been our way. 1570Dee Math. Pref. 19 While the eye weeneth a round Globe..to be a flat and plaine Circle. 1606Holland Sueton. 43 Kenning a farre of Pompeis gallies..and weening them to be his owne.
†e. With simple object (usually a neut. pronoun): To think, believe, credit (something). Also, to surmise or suspect to exist. Obs.
c888ælfred Boeth. xlii, Nis þæt ðeah no licumlice to wenanne, ac gastlice. c1000ælfric Hom. I. 440 Þeah..us ᵹedafenað þæt we hit wenon swiðor þonne we unrædlice hit ᵹeseþan. c1230Hali Meid. (1922) 11 Hwen þus is of þe riche, hwat wenes tu of the poure. 1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 2154 Na man ille dede shuld wene Þar, whar gude lyf byfor has bene. 13..E.E. Allit. P. C. 244 Hit were a wonder to wene. c1374Chaucer Troylus i. 1031 But herke, Pandare, o word, for I nolde That thow in me wendest so gret folye. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xxvii. (Machor) 78 Þis quhen þe king had herd & sen, þe Ioy he had wald na man wen. c1400Rom. Rose 5672 Is no man wrecched, but he it wene. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 239 Neither must we here consyder, what the greatest multitude weneth, but what the trewthe is. 1570Satir. Poems Reform. xx. 117 Quhat sall we wene of tratours kene. c1570Pride & Lowl. (1841) 65 These matters..So straunge, and so incredible to weene.
† f. coupled or contrasted with wit (wot, etc.).
c1290Holy Cross 11 in S. Eng. Leg. 1 Ich wene þat ich wot Ȝwat þis somunce amounti schal. 13..E.E. Allit. P. A. 47 Þer wonys þat worþyly I wot & wene. 1375Barbour Bruce iv. 771 But quhethir scho..Wenit, or vist it vitterly, It fell eftir all halely As scho said. c1435Torr. Portugal 1559 Wot ye well and not wene, Whan eyther of hem had other sene, Smertely rerid her dede. 1721J. Kelly Sc. Prov. 69 Before I ween'd, but now I wat.
g. ellipt. or absol. Usually with adv. or conj. (as, than, when, etc.).
c888ælfred Boeth. xl. §2 Uton healdan unc þæt wit ne wenen swa swa þis folc wenð. c1200Ormin 9826 Annd tatt wass mikell wherrfeddleȝȝc Þatt dide hemm swa to wenenn. a1225Ancr. R. 222 Moni þet ne weneð nout bredeð in hire breoste sum liunes hweolp. c1350Will. Palerne 706 Ich am a mad man..Forto wene in þis wise. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xv. (Barnabas) 3 Bot þai wene wrang. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xv. 470 Riȝt so rude men..Louen and by-leuen by lettred mennes doynges, And by here wordes and werkes wenen and trowen. c1400Rule St. Benet 1019, I am wastid wor þan I wend. c1450Merlin i. 19 Thow art not so wyse as thow weneste. 1470–85Malory Arthur vi. v. 189, I know you better than ye wene. a1568R. Ascham Scholem. i. (Arb.) 45 Which is an opinion not so trewe, as some men weene. 1601Song of Mary in Farr S.P. Eliz. (1845) 432 Farre more they be than we can weene. 1615Bp. Andrewes Serm. Nativ. x. (1629) 90 And sure, the way is not readie to hit;..It is but a foolish imagination, so to ween of it. 1746Francis tr. Hor., Sat. ii. viii. 26 If haply right I ween. 1808Scott Marm. i. xxi, Even our good chaplain, as I ween, Since our last siege we have not seen. 1850Mrs. Browning House of Clouds viii, Named as Fancy weeneth.
h. used parenthetically (esp. in I ween) rather than as governing the sentence. In verse often a mere tag.
c1175Lamb. Hom. I. 157 Eiðer of þisse teres schedde þe apostel leste ich wene [L. fudit fortasse apostolus] þa þe he seide [etc.]. a1225Ancr. R. 210 Nis, ich wene, no mon þet [etc.]. c1300Havelok 655 Þre dayes þer-biforn, i wene, Et he no mete. c1420? Lydg. Assembly of Gods 278 Of royall rychesse wantyd she noone I wene. c1500Nut-Brown Maid xxviii, Ye shape some wyle, me to begyle, and stele fro me I wene. 1564A. Bacon tr. Jewel's Apol. (1859) 47 And do all they themselves, ween you, agree well together? 1667Milton P.L. iv. 741 Nor turnd I weene Adam from his fair Spouse. 1764H. Walpole Otranto iv, He, I ween, is no sacred personage. 1787Burns Humble Petit. Bruar Water iii, A panegyric rhyme, I ween, Even as I was he shor'd me. 1819Scott Ivanhoe iii, See what tidings that horn tells us of—to announce, I ween, some hership and robbery. 1835Lytton Rienzi i. v, And never, I ween well, had she greater need of true friends than now. 1842Barham Ingol. Leg. Ser. ii. Ingol. Penance 2 A stalwart knight, I ween, was he. a1873Deutsch Lit. Rem. (1874) 251 There will be a greater harvest still, we ween.
2. In regard to what is future or contingent: To expect, anticipate, count on; to surmise, suspect; to think possible or likely. Const. object-clause, with or without that, etc.
c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. xx. 10 Þa þe þær ærest comon wendon þæt hiᵹ sceoldon mare onfon. a1225Ancr. R. 178 Ne wene non of heie liue þet heo ne beo itempted. c1290Beket 2045 in S. Eng. Leg. 165 Wenst þou þat ichulle fleo? c1374Chaucer Troylus iv. 384 Who wolde haue wend þat yn so lytel a þrowe Fortune oure Ioye wolde han ouerþrowe. 1375Barbour Bruce iv. 210 My lif wend I thair suld be gane. 1456Sir G. Haye Law Arms (S.T.S.) 182 [He] gafe the sauf condyt, wenand it wald be obeyde. 15..Freiris of Berwik 246 Quha wenit that ȝe sa lait wald haif cum hame? 1535Goodly Primer P ij, I had wente that I shulde haue gone to my graue in my beste dayes.
†b. with direct object (n. or neut. pronoun).
In OE. the object is in the genitive. So (rarely) in early ME.
971Blickl. Hom. 51 Ᵹif we ane hwile beoþ on hwylcum earfoþum þær we ures feores ne wenaþ. a1240Ureisun in Lamb. Hom. 187 Nai soþes nai. Ne wene hit neuer no mon. a1250Prov. Alfred 161 in O.E. Misc. 112 Monymon weneþ þat he wene ne þarf, longes lyues. a1275Prov. Alfred (2nd version) 650 Ac þanne þu hid lest wenest þe luþere þe biswiket. a1300Cursor M. 10128 Prophecies com al to end, Quen Iues alþerlest it wend. 1338R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 317 Whan William was comen, & wende no tresoun, Sone was he nomen, & don in prisoun. 1390Gower Conf. I. 81 Thei that wende pees Tho myhten finde no reles Of thilke swerd which al devoureth. a1450Le Morte Arth. 1973 So nere hys herte the sorowe sought All-moste hys lyffe wolde no man wene. 1513Douglas æneis vi. ii. 38 Ȝour first reskew..Furth of a Gregioun cetie sall be schaw, Quhilk thow lest wenis [L. quod minime reris].
Prov.c1386Chaucer Reeve's T. 400 Hym thar nat wene wel that yuele dooth. 1670Ray Prov. 227 (Scottish Proverbs) He that evil does, never good weines.
c. With inf., present or perfect, with or without to († for to, † till): To expect, hope, wish; to purpose, intend, be minded.
Beowulf 933 Ðæt wæs unᵹeara, þæt ic æniᵹra me weana ne wende..bote ᵹebidan. 1154O.E. Chron. an. 1140, Eustace..wende to biᵹæton Normandi þær þurh. c1205Lay. 1848 Þa heo best wende to fleonne, þa weoren heo faie. c1250Owl & Night. 814 He [the fox] weneþ eche hunde at wrenche. a1300Cursor M. 6853 Your faas þat yow winnes [v.r. wenis] witstand Sal haue na might o fote and hand. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 5298 In-to Egipte þen schiped he, ffor wel wend he þer siker haue be. 1375Barbour Bruce xviii. 50, I wend neuir till here that of the! 1470–85Malory Arthur ii. vi. 83, I lytel wende to haue met with yow at this sodayne auenture. 1561Hollybush Hom. Apoth. 17 b, A colde sweat brake out, so that he wened to dye straght waye. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. iii. 41 And ramping on his shield, did weene the same Haue reft away with his sharpe rending clawes. 1591Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, ii. v. 88 Thy Father..Leuied an Army, weening to redeeme, And haue install'd me in the Diademe. 1611Bible 2 Macc. v. 21 Weening in his pride to make the land nauigable. 1667Milton P.L. vi. 86 They weend That self same day by fight, or by surprize To win the Mount of God. 1805Scott Last Minstr. ii. xxix, Ye ween to hear a melting tale, Of two true lovers in a dale. 1854J. S. Blackie in Blackw. Mag. LXXVI. 266 Beyond the bounds of earth to fly Impious he weened.
d. ellipt. with adv. (e.g. least), or conj. (ere, sooner, than, etc.), instead of inf. or object-clause.
c888ælfred Boeth. vii. §1 Þonne hy læst wenað. c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxiv. 50 Þonne cymþ ðæs weles hlaford on þam dæᵹe ðe he na ne wenþ. a1225Ancr. R. 222 Ich chulle..worpen hire oðere half, & breden uerliche adun er he lest wene. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 9471 As he stod, er he lest wende, He was schot to deþe. 1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 1376 That may fal soner than som wenes. 1375Barbour Bruce xi. 23 And wis menis etling cumis nocht Till sic end as thai weyn alwayis. c1440Pallad. on Husb. v. 211 And heer an ende, er then y wende, y fynde. c1450tr. De Imitatione i. xxiii. 31 What houre we wene not þe sonne of man shal come. a1600Montgomerie Misc. Poems iii. 62 Quhen ȝe leist wein, ȝour baks may to the wall. 1814Cary Dante, Par. xxxi. 53 Round I turned With purpose of my lady to inquire..But answer found from other than I weened.
†3. With neut. adj. or adv. and prep.: To think (much or highly) of; to feel or be affected towards; to trust in. Also without const. (cf. overween). Obs.
1340Ayenb. 21 Þanne þe man wenþ more of him-zelue þanne he ssolde. 1390Gower Conf. I. 109 Whan he most in his strengthe wende. Ibid. 222 Bot wolde god that grace sende, That toward me my lady wende As I towardes hire wene! 1593G. Harvey Pierces Super. Wks. (Grosart) II. 125 He winneth not most abroad that weeneth most at-home.
†4. intr. with of, for: To dream of, look for, expect. Obs.
1589Martins Months Minde E 1 b, Howbeit, it was not that so well, as they do ween for, (being perhappes reserued for his two sonnes hereafter). 1613Shakes. Hen. VIII, v. i. 136 Weene you of better lucke, I meane in periur'd Witnesse, then your Master, Whose Minister you are..?
5. In renderings of certain Latin words.
†a. trans. To esteem, respect; to reckon or esteem equal to.
c1000Lamb. Psalter lxxxvii. 5 Aestimatus sum cum descendentibus in lacum, ᵹewened ic eom mid nyþerastiᵹendum to seaðe. a1300E.E. Psalter lxxxvii. 5, I am wened in ilka land To þas þat ere in flosche falland. Ibid. cxliii. 3 Lauerd, whilk es..sone of man, for þou wenest him [Vulg. quia reputas eum]?
†b. To impute (an offence) to (a person). Obs.
a1300E.E. Psalter xxxi. 2 Seli man to wham noght wenes lauerd sinne [Vulg. cui non imputavit Dominus peccatum].
†6. In impersonal use. Only in the absol. pres. pple. weening = it seeming, as (because, since) it seemed (to some one). Const. clause (usually with that) or inf. Obs.
c1450J. Capgrave Life St. Aug. xxxiii. 42 For þat same had he do or þis tyme had not Valery sent him owt of þe weye, wenyng to many men þat he schuld not sone come a-geyn. c1470Gregory Chron. in Hist. Coll. Cit. Lond. (Camden) 234 Wenyng unto the thevys that the boxys hadde ben sylvyr ovyr gylt, but was but copyr. 1485Caxton Chas. Gt. 92 Wherof they were sore aferde.., wenyng to them that it had be the deuyl. 1523Ld. Berners Froiss. (1812) I. cclxv. 391 They came..to a village called Puiernon, and toke their lodgynge, wenyng to them to be in surety. Ibid. ccclxxxv. 652 Y⊇ duke and his went to Berwyk, wenyng to the duke to haue entred into the towne;..but the capitane of the towne..refused to him the entre, and closed the gates agaynst hym and his. 1542Udall Erasm. Apoph. 233 Aiax..in his madnesse..slewe a greate noumbre of theim, weenyng to hym that he had slain Ulysses and his coumpaignie. 1568Grafton Chron. II. 276 The common of Roane and of Beuioys..sodainely met with the Englishe Marshalles, wenyng to them they had bene Frenchmen. |