| 释义 |
▪ I. jasper, n.1|ˈdʒɑːspə(r), -æ-|
Also 4–5 iaspre, 5 iaspere, 6 iaspar.
[a. OF. jaspre (15th c. in Littré) var. of jaspe = Sp., Pg. jaspe, Pr. jaspi, It. iaspide, ad. L. iaspis, iaspid-em, a. Gr. ἴασπις, ἰασπιδ- jasper, a word of oriental origin: cf. Heb. yashpeh (Exod. xxviii. 20), Assyrian asphū; Pers. yashm, and yashp (Pers. and Arab. yashb, and yashf) jasper.
In med.L. diasprus, -um, was used both for jasper and diaper; It., Sp., and Pg. diaspro have also the sense ‘jasper’.]
1. A kind of precious stone.
a. As rendering of Gr. ἴασπις or L. iaspis, name among the ancients for any bright-coloured chalcedony except carnelian, the most esteemed being of a green colour.
b. In modern use, an opaque cryptocrystalline variety of quartz, of various colours, usually red, yellow, or brown, due mostly to the admixture of iron oxide.
agate jasper, ‘an agate consisting of jasper with veinings and cloudings of chalcedony’ (1868 Dana Min. (ed. 5) 195). banded, striped, or ribbon jasper, a variety having the colours in broad stripes. Egyptian jasper, a variety much used in ancient art, occurring in nodules with zones of brown, yellow, or red. porcelain jasper, a kind of baked indurated clay.
13..E.E. Allit. P. A. 998 Iasper hyȝt þe fyrst gemme. c1330Owayn 37 Jaspers topas and cristal Margarites and coral. c1374Chaucer Troylus ii. 1180 (1229) Doun she sette here by hym on a ston Of Iaspre vp-on a quysshon gold y-bete. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xi. 43 Þare was..a boist of grene iasper with foure figures and viii. names of oure Lord þerin. 1526Tindale Rev. xxi. 18 The byldinge of the wall of hit was of iaspar. 1555Eden Decades 115 He founde many of the precious stones cauled Smaragdes, calcedones, and Iaspers. 1688R. Holme Armoury ii. 39/2 The Jasper is somwhat green, yet specked with bloody spots. 1794Sullivan View Nat. I. 446. 1805–17 R. Jameson Char. Min. (ed. 3) 232 Glistening minerals. Gray copper ore, porcelain jasper. 1855Longfellow Hiaw. iv. 47 Oaken arrows, Tipped with jasper. 1861C. W. King Ant. Gems (1866) 18 The true antique Jasper, vermillion coloured, is only to be met with in antique examples. 1868Dana Min. (ed. 5) 195 Porcelain jasper is nothing but baked clay, and differs from true jasper in being B.B. fusible on the edges.
2. Short for jasper-ware (see 3 b).
1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 476 In Messrs. Riley's shining black biscuit porcelain, the ware is of a jet black jasper, or porcelain body. 1832G. R. Porter Porcelain & Gl. 17 Jasper,..a white porcelainous biscuit of exquisite delicacy and beauty [among Wedgwood's inventions]. 1894Smiles J. Wedgwood xiv. 153 The material was called jasper from its resemblance to that stone. The jasper ware was made of white porcelain bisque.
3. attrib. and Comb.
a. Simple attrib. or adj. Made or consisting of jasper.
1718Prior Pleasure 34 On the jasper steps to rear the throne. 1822Hazlitt Table-t. Ser. ii. xviii. (1869) 372 Are not pictures and statues as much furniture as gold plate or jasper tables?
b. Comb., as jasper-glitter; jasper-hued, jasper-like adjs.; jasper-dip, jasper-wash, a kind of ceramic decoration introduced by Wedgwood, in which jasper-ware is used for the surface, the body being of coarser material; jasper-opal, an impure opal containing iron oxide and having the colour of yellow jasper; jasper-pottery, jasper-ware, a fine kind of porcelain invented by Wedgwood, and used by him for his cameos, and other most delicate work; † jasper stone = sense 1 a.
1894Smiles J. Wedgwood xiv. 154 He afterwards invented his *jasper-dip in 1777.
1850Mrs. Browning Poems II. 426 Her hair had grown just long enough To catch Heaven's *jasper-glitter.
1822–34Good's Study Med. (ed. 4) IV. 401 [Calculi] purple *jasper-hued, red, brown, crystalline.
1887Pall Mall G. 19 July 5/2 Red Etruscan is the unmeaning trade name of this *jasper-like stone.
1843Portlock Geol. 208 Associated with it, but sparingly, *jasper-opal is found.
1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 483 The *jasper pottery..is extremely beautiful; and is formed of blue and porcelain clay, Cornish-stone, Cork-stone, (sulphate of barytes), flint, and a little gypsum, tinged with cobalt calx.
1509Hawes Past. Pleas. iv. v, Of *iasper stones it was wonderly wrought. 1611Bible Rev. xxi. 11 Like a iasper stone, cleare as christal.
1863Gladstone Glean. (1879) II. 206 Of the ware which I believe is called *jasper-ware.
▪ II. jasper, n.2 U.S. colloq.|ˈdʒæspə(r)|
[Male Christian name.]
A person, fellow: usu. with contemptuous overtones; spec. a rustic simpleton, ‘hick’. Also (with capital initial) used as a nickname (see quot. 1929, 1952).
1896H. M. Blossom Checkers x. 229 After supper..I went over to the only shanty in the place that looked like a store, and opened the door. There were a lot of ‘Jaspers’ sitting around the stove, chewing Tobacco and swapping lies. 1914‘B. M. Bower’ Flying U Ranch 174 Some uh you boys help me rope him—like him and that other jasper over there done to Andy. 1929T. Gordon Born to Be 236 Zigaboo, Dingo, Jasper, nicknames for Ethiopians. 1952Granville Dict. Theatr. Terms 103 Jasper, the traditional name for the villain of the piece in melodrama. 1963‘M. Corrigan’ Why do Women ―? xxiii. 173 If that dark jasper calls on you again, try and keep him here. 1970New Yorker 17 Oct. 40/3 What's with those jaspers?
▪ III. † ˈjasper, v. Obs. rare.
[f. jasper n.1: cf. F. jasp-er vb. (in same sense), f. jaspe n.; also Sp., Pg. jaspear to speckle like jasper, to sprinkle with green and vermilion; to marble.]
1. intr. To have a speckling or clouding of various colours like some kinds of jasper; to be variegated.
1620Shelton Quix. ii. xxxi. 206 Don Quixote's face was in a thousand colours, that Iaspered vpon his browe.
2. trans. To variegate with different colours; to marble, to speckle.
1799G. Smith Laboratory II. 427 How to imitate a Black Jasper, or variegated Black Marble... Lay it with a brush on what you want to be jaspered, whether a column, a table, or any thing else. |