| 释义 |
▪ I. jubilee, n.|ˈdʒuːbɪliː|
Forms: 4–7 iubile, -lee, 6 iubely(e, 7 jubily, jubylee, (gubilie), 7–9 jubile, 7– jubilee.
[a. F. jubilé (14th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), in Sp. jubileo, It. giubbileo, ad. late L. jūbilæus (Vulgate, etc.), used as n. ‘jubilee’, but properly an adj. form (sc. annus), after Gr. ἰωβηλαῖος adj. (Origen, Epiphanius, etc.), f. ἰώβηλος ‘jubilee’ (Josephus Antiq. iii. xii. 3), ad. Heb. yōbēl, ‘jubilee’, orig., it seems, ‘ram’, hence ‘ram's horn used as a trumpet’, with which the jubilee year was proclaimed. The Latin form jūbilæus instead of jōbēlæus shows association of the O.T. word with the native L. jūbilum wild cry, shout, and jūbilāre to shout to, shout, halloo, huzza (see jubil v.); and in Christian L. there was established an association of sense between these words and the Hebrew ‘jubilee’, which has extended to the modern langs. of Western Christendom. In Eng. the word was often, as in the Bible versions, spelt jubile; this was usually, like the F. jubilé, of 3 syllables; but it was sometimes a disyllable, and referred directly to L. jūbilum or med.L. jūbilus, in the sense of an exultant shout. Cf. also jubil in jubil-trumpet.]
1. a. Jewish Hist. (More fully year of jubilee). A year of emancipation and restoration, which according to the institution in Lev. xxv was to be kept every fifty years, and to be proclaimed by the blast of trumpets throughout the land; during it the fields were to be left uncultivated, Hebrew slaves were to be set free, and lands and houses in the open country or unwalled towns that had been sold were to revert to their former owners or their heirs.
1382Wyclif Lev. xxv. 10 Thow shalt halowe the fyftith ȝeer..he is forsothe the iubilee [ipse est enim jubilæus; 1535 Coverd. Iubilye, 1560 (Geneva) Iubile, 1569 (Bps.) Iubilee, 1611 Iubile]. Ibid. 13 The ȝeer of iubilee [anno jubilæi]. 1382― Josh. vi. 4 The prestis shulen taak seuen trompes, whos vse is in the iubile [buccinas, quarum usus est in jubileo]. 1581Marbeck Bk. of Notes 562 Iubely is of this Hebrew word Iobel, which in English, signifieth a Trumpet: a yeare of singuler mirth and ioy, and of much rest. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 126 Touching this yeare of Iubilee is much controversie. Ibid., Scaliger..proving that the Iubilee was but fortie nine yeares complete, and that the fiftieth yeare was the first onwards of another Iubilee or Sabbath of yeares. 1845S. Austin Ranke's Hist. Ref. II. 205 In Würtemberg, too, the Israelitish year of jubilee was preached to the peasants. 1897Driver Introd. Lit. O.T. (ed. 6) 57 It is impossible to think that..the institution of Jubile is a mere paper-law... At least so far as concerns the land..it must date from ancient times in Israel.
b. fig. or transf. A time of restitution, remission, or release.
c1584in Gasquet & Bishop Edw. VI & Bk. Com. Prayer (1890) 10 Days of licence which are called days of jubilee. 1602Marston Antonio's Rev. i. iii, You arrive in jubilee, And firme attonement of all boystrous rage. 1611R. Fenton Usury ii. xiii. 95 The land if it want a Iubile will in time grow hartlesse. 1614Earl Stirling Domes Day iv. xcv, All prisoners at last, death must enlarge, At that great iubily. 1621in Elsing Lords' Deb. (1870) 110 Moved, whether a generall jubelee shalbe for the debtes, or whether a moderacion? 1643Sir T. Browne Relig. Med. i. §44 The first day of our Jubilee is Death. 1711Light to Blind in 10th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. v. 116 Noe one had..apprehension to be punished for his religion thro-out the Brittish empyre, which was a general jubily to those nations.
2. R.C. Ch. A year instituted by Boniface VIII in 1300 as a year of remission from the penal consequences of sin, during which plenary indulgence might be obtained by a pilgrimage to Rome, the visiting of certain churches there, the giving of alms, fasting three days, and the performance of other pious works.
It was at first appointed to take place every hundred years, but the period was afterwards shortened to fifty, thirty-three, and twenty-five years, and now ‘an extraordinary jubilee is granted at any time either to the whole Church or to particular countries or cities, and not necessarily or even usually for a whole year’ (Cath. Dict. 1885).
1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) VIII. 285 Bonefacius the viijthe..grawntede grete indulgences in vthe yere of his governayle [1300], whiche was þe yere iubile to men visitynge the apostles Petyr and Paule. Ibid., Harl. Contin. 491 Pope Urban the vjte considerynge this tyme the age of men to decrease, ordeynede this yere to be the yere of iubile willynge that hit scholde contynue in every xxxti yere folowynge. 1477Earl Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 1, I vnderstode the Iubylee and pardon to be at..Seynt Iames in Spayne. 1534in Peacock Eng. Ch. Furniture (1866) 206 Item vij tables with scriptures uppon them to hange on the altars in the tyme of the Jubyle. 1556Chron. Gr. Friars (Camden) 28 Thys yere was the gret jubele at Powlles. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 7 b, Clemente appoynteth the yere of Iubile, which Boniface the eight had ordained every hundreth yeare, to be nowe everye fiftithe yeare. 1635E. Pagitt Christianogr. iii. (1636) 85 Leo the tenth..sent a Iubile with his pardons abroad. 1682Lond. Gaz. No. 1702/2 This week was published here a Bull for an Universal Jubily, Granted by the Pope. 1749H. Walpole Lett. (1846) II. 286 Here..we imagine that a jubilee is a season of pageants, not of devotion. 1841W. Spalding Italy & It. Isl. II. 146 Bernardino da Polenta, lord of Ravenna..in the jubilee of 1350, beset the roads with his men-at-arms, robbed the male pilgrims, and..dishonoured many of the females. 1900Cathol. Directory 184 The conditions of the Great and Universal Jubilee of the Holy Year 1900.
3. a. The fiftieth anniversary of an event; the celebration of the completion of fifty years of reign, of activity, or continuance in any business, occupation, rank or condition. silver jubilee (after silver wedding), a name for the celebration for the twenty-fifth anniversary; so diamond jubilee, applied to the celebration of the sixtieth year of the reign of Queen Victoria.
c1386Chaucer Sompn. T. 154 Our Sexteyn and oure ffermerer That han been trewe freres fifty yeer, They may now, god be thanked of his looue, Maken hir Iubilee and walke allone. 1548Latimer Ploughers (Arb.) 26 Pamperynge of their panches lyke a monke that maketh his Jubilie. 1809(title) Address to the Inhabitants of Great Britain and Ireland on the Jubilee. c1830De Quincey Autobiog. Sk. iv. Wks. 1862 XIV. 131 In Germany..a married couple, when celebrating the fiftieth anniversary of their marriage day, are said to keep their golden jubilee; but on the twenty-fifth anniversary they have credit only for a silver jubilee. 1845Graves Rom. Law in Encycl. Metrop. II. 753/1 In 1838, Huschke published..an offering on the occasion of Hugo's jubilee from the faculty of law at Breslau. 1861C. Knight Pop. Hist. Eng. VII. xxix. 526 The 25th of October [1809] was celebrated throughout the Kingdom as ‘The Jubilee’—the fiftieth anniversary of the accession to the throne of George the Third. 1887Whitaker's Almanack 551/1 Henry III completed his year of Jubilee Oct. 27, 1266; his great grandson, Edward III, Jan. 24th, 1377; and George III, Oct. 24th, 1810. 1887Tennyson (title) The Jubilee of Queen Victoria. 1887Queen Victoria in Suppl. to Lond. Gaz. 25 June, The enthusiastic reception I met with..on the occasion of my Jubilee, has touched me most deeply. 1890Post Card 16 May, ‘Penny Postage Jubilee—1890. Guildhall, London’. 1897G. B. Smith Life Q. Victoria xii. (Rtldg.) 169 The Royal Jubilee of 1887, and the Diamond Jubilee of 1897, will recall the memorable events of a memorable period in British history. 1898Daily Tel. 19 July, The Rev. Arthur Robins, rector of Holy Trinity, Windsor..celebrates his ‘silver jubilee’ in the Royal Borough to-day. Ibid. 20 July, The Sports Club are entertaining W. G. Grace on the occasion of his jubilee [50th birthday].
†b. A fiftieth year. Obs. rare—1.
c1618Fletcher Q. Corinth iii. i, He is 50, man, in's Jubile, I warrant.
†c. A period of fifty years, half a century. Obs.
1643Sir T. Browne Relig. Med. i. §41 If there bee any truth in Astrology, I may outlive a Jubilee. 1645E. Pagitt Heresiogr. Ep. Ded., I have lived among you almost a Jubilee. 1655Fuller Ch. Hist. iv. i. §12 Edward the third..having reigned a jubilee, full fifty years. 1726tr. Gregory's Astron. I. 249 A Jubilee, of 49 or 50 Years; a Seculum, or an Age, of 100 Years.
4. A season or occasion of joyful celebration or general rejoicing.
1592Warner Alb. Eng. v. xxv, Then loue me, for beleeue me, so will proue a Iubilie. 1619Pasquil's Palin. (1877) 152 It was the day when every Kitchen reekes, And hungry bellies keep a Iubile. 1634Heywood Maidenh. lost iii. Wks. 1874 IV. 137 Prepare we for this great solemnity, Of Hymeneall Iubilies. a1711Ken Hymnar. Poet. Wks. 1721 II. 99 In Heav'n they keep a Jubilee that day, When the good Shepherd brings a weeping Stray. 1804M. Cutler in Life, Jrnls. & Corr. (1888) II. 161 The Democrats are all engaged in the celebration of the Jubilee, on the possession of Louisiana. 1899Daily News 27 Oct. 2/5 Witness said..he was an old sailor, and had a ‘jubilee’ once in three months.
5. a. Exultant joy, general or public rejoicing, jubilation.
In this and next sense often written jubile and in some cases pronounced jubil, after L. jūbilum.
1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W.) 266 b, Fedeth them with ioye and iubile vnspekable. 1635Shirley Coronat. ii, The people's joy to know us reconcil'd, Is added to the jubile of the day. 1657G. Starkey Helmont's Vind. 293 The Archeus..with the joy and jubile conceived upon its speedy help found..cheers up all its parts. 1823Scott Peveril iii, Was it for Peveril of the Peak, in the jubilee of his spirits, to consider how his wife was to find beef and mutton to feast his neighbours? 1843Prescott Mexico vi. viii. (1864) 406 They..only thought of their triumph, and abandoned themselves to jubilee. 1899E. J. Chapman Snake Witch, Drama 2 Lives 29 Only the toad, on night like this..Comes forth in fearless jubilee.
b. Shouting; joyful shouting; sound of jubilation.
1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 211 b, God ascended..in great iubylee & glory [Vulg. Ps. xlvi. 6 ascendit Deus in jubilo]. 1667Milton P.L. iii. 348 Heav'n rung With Jubilee, and loud Hosanna's fill'd Th' eternal Regions. 1810Scott Lady of L. v. xxi, All along the crowded way Was jubilee and loud huzza. 1860Pusey Min. Proph. 481 (Zeph. iii.) Singing or the unuttered unutterable jubilee of the heart.
c. A Negro folk-song of an optimistic and joyful kind, often having a religious basis; freq. attrib., esp. jubilee singer, jubilee song.
1872N.Y. Tribune 17 Feb. 3/6 Unique Vocal Concert by the Jubilee Singers. c1872T. F. Seward (title) Jubilee songs as sung by the Jubilee Singers, of Fisk University. 1873G. D. Pike Jubilee Singers 163 The excellent rendering of the Jubilee Band is made more effective..by the comparison of their former state of slavery..with the present prospects and hopes of their race. 1922Jrnl. Amer. Folk-Lore XXXV. 248 Every Time I Feel the Spirit. This is one of the most thrilling of the later jubilee songs. 1946S. H. Holbrook Lost Men Amer. Hist. 133 The Chautauqua offered no such strong meat as the Lyceum, but went in for bell ringers, jubilee singers, preachers..and assorted stuffed shirts. 1949B. A. Botkin Treas. S. Folklore v. i. 701 Besides his ‘jubilee’ and ‘sorrow songs’, the Negro has his ‘sinful’ songs. 1956M. Stearns Story of Jazz (1957) xii. 133 The next step in this blending, which produced both ring⁓shout and spiritual, is the jubilee. Jubilees are both cheerful and rhythmic, usually announcing some sort of good news. 1961J. Jahn in A. Dundes Mother Wit (1973) 99/1 The hymns of Christian European origin used by the missions are Africanized, producing jubilees. 1968P. Oliver Screening Blues Introd. 7 Blues recordings accounted for nearly half the total output in the 'twenties whereas religious issues, including those by solo evangelists and jubilee groups, totalled only a fraction over a sixth of the number. Ibid. ii. 81 The gospel, or jubilee, quartets performed all their songs in harmonized style which smoothed out the differences between the blues, popular and gospel song forms.
6. attrib. and Comb., as jubilee-bonfire, jubilee-coin, jubilee-issue, jubilee-masquerade, jubilee-post-card, jubilee-procession, jubilee-tree, jubilee-trumpet, jubilee-type, jubilee-year, etc. (Often with special reference to sense 1, 2, or 3; in the last case esp. frequent in the last two decades of the 19th c. in reference to the two ‘Jubilees’ of the reign of Queen Victoria in 1887 and 1897, the Jubilee of Penny Postage in 1890, the Swiss (25 years') Jubilee of the Postal Union in 1900, and other celebrations.)
1382Wyclif Lev. xxv. 28 The bigger shal haue that he bouȝte, vnto the iubilee ȝeer. 1647Fuller Good Th. in Worse T. (1841) 92 Few [popes] had the happiness to fill their coffers with jubilee-coin. 1749H. Walpole Lett. (1846) II. 267 The next day was what was called ‘a jubilee-masquerade in the Venetian manner’ at Ranelagh. 1858Doran Crt. Fools 59 The year 1480 was..the very jubilee year of German fools. 1887Times 31 Dec. 9/1 The pleasant associations of the Jubilee year. 1891Philat. Penny Postage Jubilee 117 The Jubilee celebrations..at the Guildhall..on May 16, 17 and 19 (1890). Ibid. 118 The Jubilee Post Office was more patronised than any other part of the Jubilee exhibition. 1893Sir W. Harcourt in Daily News 15 Mar. 2/2 The designs for the new coins..were better than the Jubilee issue... Eighteen millions of the new gold coins issued were..of the Jubilee type. 1897(title) Illustrated Programme of the Royal Jubilee Procession.
▪ II. ˈjubilee, v. nonce wd.
[f. prec. n.]
1. intr. To celebrate a jubilee.
1887Scot. Leader 4 July 4 Why did Irishmen not Jubilee?
2. trans. To celebrate the jubilee of (a person).
1887Pall Mall G. 22 Jan. 3/1 Some officials who ‘jubileed’ their colleagues at a banquet. |