| 释义 |
Kremlin|ˈkrɛmlɪn|
Also 7 cremelina, 8 kremelin, 9 kremle.
[a. F. kremlin, f. Russ. kreml citadel, of Tartar origin.]
a. The citadel or fortifed enclosure within a Russian town or city; esp. that of Moscow, which contains the imperial palace and various public buildings.
b. The Kremlin (in Moscow): (used for) the government of the U.S.S.R. Also transf. (in trivial use).
1662J. Davies tr. Olearius' Voy. Ambass. 57 The Great Duke's Palace, called Cremelena, and which is of greater extent than many other ordinary Cities. 1698A. Brand Emb. Muscovy to China 5 The Castle, called Cremelina, where the Czars of Muscovy keep their ordinary Residence. 1796Morse Amer. Geog. II. 91 It stands in the Kremelin, one of the interior circles of the city. 1833R. Pinkerton Russia 227 The inhabitants of Moscow being assembled in the Kremlin. 1839E. D. Clarke Trav. Russia 38/1 The Kremle is derived from the Tartar word krim, or krem, which signifies a fortress. 1888Century Mag. May 10 note, A Kremlin, or to use the Russian form of the word, a ‘Kremle’, is merely a walled inclosure with towers at the corners, situated in a commanding position near the center of a city. 1933H. G. Wells Shape of Things to Come II. §9.211 The Kremlin was content to consolidate the kindred Slav Soviets. 1943Sun (Baltimore) 28 Sept. 12/2 Moscow itself has taken pains to assure us that Mr. Browder has no direct pipeline into the secret councils of the Kremlin. 1961Evening Bull. (Philadelphia) 5 Mar., The Kremlin is the only world capital powerfully arrayed against crossing the new frontier. 1966[see Elysée]. 1966H. Sheppard Dict. Railway Slang (ed. 2) 7 Kremlin, British Rail Headquarters. 1973Times 19 Feb. 18/7 People who referred to their head offices as ‘the Kremlin’..were somehow lacking in motivation. 1974Times 10 Apr. 18/2 Kremlin-watchers study the pages of Pravda for the slight shift in nuance.
So Kremliˈnology, the study and analysis of the Soviet Government and its policies; Kremlinoˈlogical a.; Kremliˈnologist, such an analyst; also transf.
1958Oxf. Mag. 13 Feb. 289/1 For all his interest in Kremlinology..the author is not really very good at it. 1960Daily Tel. 7 Dec. 12/2 Kremlinologists, versed in the mysteries of Marx and Lenin, Mao Tse-tung and Mr Khruschev, tell us that the signs are that Mr Khruschev has won yet another battle, at least on points. 1961Spectator 2 June 806 The approach commonly nicknamed ‘Kremlinological’. Ibid., Exaggerated claims on behalf of this method by some of its practitioners..who..equate Kremlinology with Soviet studies as a whole. 1968Guardian 2 Apr. 11/5 The ‘Kremlinological’ expertise which enabled the White House to play the Kremlin power game. 1970Ibid. 1 Oct. 15/4 The question now teasing Labour Kremlinologists is how long Denis [Healey] will be satisfied to remain a mere member of the NEC. 1971Times 22 Jan. 8/8 Kremlinology gone wild. 1972A. Ulam Fall of Amer. University i. 35 The budding Kremlinologists were put in their place, which often and quite properly turned out to be the C.I.A. |