| 释义 |
▪ I. † lake, n.1 Obs.
Forms: 1 lác, 2–3 lac, (lak-), 3 loc, (lok-), loac.
[OE. lác (:—prehistoric *laikom, *laikâ) neut. and fem.; not found with the same meaning in any other Teut. lang., but usually identified with the Com. Teut. *laiko- ‘play’, lake n.2 With regard to the sense, it may be compared with OE. lícian to please, like v., from another grade of the same root.]
An offering, sacrifice; also, a gift. Only OE. and early ME. to lake (dat.), as a gift.
Beowulf (Z.) 1584 He..oðer swylc ut of-ferede lað-licu lac. c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. viii. 4 Ac gang æt-eowe þe þam sacerde and bring hym þa lac þe moyses bebead on hyra ᵹecyðnesse. c1175Lamb. Hom. 39 Ne con him crist na mare þong þene þah he sloȝe þin child and bere þe his heaued to lake. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 45 Þe þre loc þe ich er nemde þat is gold, and recheles and mirre. a1225Leg. Kath. 63 Ðe riche reoðeren..brohten to lake. a1225Ancr. R. 152 Þe þreo kinges..offren Jesu Crist þeo deorewurðe þreo lokes. c1250Gen. & Ex. 1798 And iacob sente fer bi-foren him riche loac, and sundri boren.
▪ II. † lake, n.2 Obs.
Forms: 2 Orm. leȝȝk, 3 leyk, 4 laic, 4–6 laik(e, layk(e, 5 lak(e.
[a. ON. leik-r play, corresp. to OE. lác neut. or masc. warlike activity (once only; but see lake n.1), OHG. leich masc. and neut. song, melody, Goth. laik-s dance:—OTeut. *laiko-, a verbal n. from *laikan to play, lake v.1]
1. Play, sport, fun, glee. In pl. games, tricks, goings on.
c1200Ormin 2166 Inn ægæde and in leȝȝkess. c1300Havelok 1021 For it ne was non horse-knaue..That he ne kam thider, the leyk to se. 13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 274 Þat for her lodlych laykez alosed þay were. 1340–70Alex. & Dind. 465 We ne louen in our land no laik nor no mirthe. a1400Sir Perc. 1704 The childe hadd no powste His laykes to lett. a1400–50Alexander 4685 Þe cursed laike o couatis ware clene with it drenchid. c1460Towneley Myst. xvi. 66 Welcom hym worshipfully laghyng with lake. 1570Levins Manip. 198/15 A layke, play, ludus.
b. A stake at play.
1597Montgomerie Cherrie & Slae 1109, I pledge, or all the play be playd That sum sall lose a laike.
2. A fight, contest.
[a1000Guthlac 1007 Wiᵹa nealæceð unlæt laces.] c1400Destr. Troy 10408 Þe lyght wex lasse, and þe laik endit. c1420Anturs of Arth. 538 (Douce MS.) Lordes and ladies of þat laike likes. c1470Golagros & Gaw. 832 Thus may ye lippin on the lake, throu lair that I leir. 1515Scot. Field 569 in Chetham Misc. (1856) II, This layke lasted on the lande, the lengthe of fower howers.
For † Obs. read ‘Obs. exc. north. dial.’ and add: 3. Comb. lake-lass, a female companion or playmate.
1849C. Brontë Shirley III. xiv. 316, I can remember the old mill being built..; and then, I can remember it being pulled down, and going with my *lake-lasses (companions) to see the foundation-stone of the new one laid. 1875J. Fothergill Healey I. viii. 118 Hoo went wi' two o' her lake-lasses..for a walk.
▪ III. lake, n.3 Obs. exc. dial.|leɪk|
[OE. lacu str. fem.; the sense shows that it is not ad. L. lacus (see next) but a native word, from a Teut. root *lak- denoting moisture; cf. OE. lęccan to moisten, leach v.2, also leak n. and v.
The OHG. lahha (G. lache) pond, bog, is formally coincident, but is perh. of Latin origin.]
A small stream of running water; also, a channel for water. Obs. exc. dial.
955Charter of Edred in Earle Charters 382 Ðæt to Mæᵹðe forda andlang lace ut on Temese. 1235–52Rentalia Glaston. (Somerset Rec. Soc.) 35 Pro decem acris inter Lak. c1450Holland Howlat 19 This riche Revir dovn ran..Throwe ane forest..And for to lende by that laike thocht me levar. 1559Morwyng Evonym. 346 The matter must..be by and by tied and pressed in a little presse of wood, with a little lake or gutter of wood. c1630Risdon Surv. Devon §341 (1810) 351 Lyn, a pretty lake, streameth out of the Exmoor hills. 1630T. Westcote Devon. (1845) 265 We shall find him [Taw] a very small lake at his birth in Dartmoor. 1842–71G. P. R. Pulman Rustic Sk. 6 Vrem rise to mouth there's lots o' lakes,—An rivers zum—that into 'n fall. 1880E. Cornw. Gloss., Lake, a small stream of running water. 1885Pall Mall G. 11 June 4/1 Each tiny drain, called locally a ‘lake’, was edged broadly by a band of great saffron-hued king cups.
b. Comb.: † lake-frith, the close-time for fishing in a stream; † lake-rift, a gully made by a stream.
1235–52Rentalia Glaston. (Somerset Rec. Soc.) 141 Et debet servare Lakefrithe. 13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 536 And lyonnez and lebardez to þe lake ryftes.
▪ IV. lake, n.4|leɪk|
Forms: 3, 5 lac, 3, 4 lak, 4–5 laake, leke, 4–6 lacke, 5–7 Sc. laik(e, 6 Sc. layk, 7 laque, 3– lake.
[Early ME. lac, a. OF. lac, ad. L. lacus basin, tub, tank, lake, pond; the popular form of the word in OF. was lai. The present Eng. form lake (recorded from the 14th c.) may be due to confusion with prec., or perh. rather to independent adoption of L. lacus.]
1. a. A large body of water entirely surrounded by land; properly, one sufficiently large to form a geographical feature, but in recent use often applied to an ornamental water in a park, etc.
c1205Lay. 1279–80 Ouer þen lac of Siluius & ouer þen lac [c 1275 lake] of Philisteus. a1300Cursor M. 2863 A stinkand see, þat semes als a lake of hell. 13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 438 Þenne lasned þe llak þat large watz are. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xx. (Blasius) 226 Quhy thole ȝe þame oure godis tak, & þis to kast þame in þe lak? c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xxi. 98 In þe grund of þat lac er funden faire precious stanes. c1450St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 799 Þar is a grete lake nere hand. 1513Douglas æneis vii. xii. 150 Of thair bruyt resoundis the river And all the layk of Asia fer and neyr. 1520Caxton's Chron. Eng., Descr. Irel. 5/1 The ryver Ban renneth out of the leke into the north ocean. 1657Howell Londinop. 382 Being built on the South side of a large Laque. 1696Whiston Theory Earth iv. (1722) 362 There were only smaller Lakes and Seas, but no great Ocean before the Deluge. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) I. 84 Nothing can exceed the beauty of the landscape which this lake affords. 1813Byron Let. 5 Sept., in Moore Lett. & Jrnls. (1830) I. 426 Rogers wants me to go with him on a crusade to the Lakes. 1835Wordsworth (title) A Guide through the District of the Lakes. 1836W. Irving Astoria I. 210 The navigation of the lakes is carried on by steamboats. 1853M. Arnold Sohrab & Rustum Poems 1877 I. 108 Never more Shall the lake glass her, flying over it.
b. transf. and fig. (perh. in some instances from sense 2).
a1225St. Marher. 14 Ich leade ham..iþe ladliche lake of the suti sunne. 1526Tindale Rev. xx. 14 Deth and hell were cast into the lake of fyre. 1669Sturmy Mariner's Mag. Verses a 4 Over the Ocean's Universal Lake. 1866G. Macdonald Ann. Q. Neighb. ii. (1878) 21 Close by the vestry-door, there was this little billowy lake of grass. 1890W. J. Gordon Foundry 109 We can see the wide lake of liquid metal simmering and spurting like porridge. 1974Daily Tel. 30 July 17/1 The Common Market has a ‘wine lake’ estimated at 8 million litres..—and yesterday a Labour MP called for some of it to be brought to Britain. 1975Times 9 Apr. 15/3 Butter mountains and wine lakes are part of the price which Europe pays for a common agricultural policy.
c. the Great Lake (a phrase borrowed from the North American Indians): the Atlantic ocean. the Great Lakes: the five lakes Superior, Huron, Michigan, Erie, and Ontario, which form the boundary between Canada and the U.S. (In earlier use freq. without the adjective.)
c1665P. E. Radisson Voyages (1885) 187 Those great lakes had not so soone comed to our knowledge if it had not ben for those brutish people. 1727C. Colden Hist. Five Indian Nations 64 We have put ourselves under the great Sachem Charles, that lives on the other side of the great Lake. 1748H. Ellis Voyage to Hudson's-Bay 151 A Communication with the great Lakes behind Canada. 1759P. Collinson in W. Darlington Memorials J. Bartram & H. Marshall (1849) 217, I don't remember ever reading of any [goats] in the country about the lakes. 1803W. B. Grove Let. 25 Feb. in J. Steele Papers (1924) I. 367 The Ocean, the Mexican Gulf, the Mississippi & the Lakes must be our boundaries. 1813Niles' Reg. V. 65/1 The position of the great lakes is..well known to the people of the United States. 1840J. F. Cooper Pathfinder I. p. v, Incidents that might be supposed characteristic of the Great Lakes. 1857G. Lawrence Guy Liv. xxxi. 308 The most terrible tempest that ever desolated the shores of the Great Lake. 1902Encycl. Brit. XXXII. 551/1 Plan of Great Lake steamer. 1904N. S. Shaler Citizen 77 Where the territory borders on the sea or the Great Lakes, the authorities have charge of such harbours as are not in the control of the federal authority. 1966Canadian Geogr. Jrnl. Apr. 113/2 The abnormally low water levels on the Great Lakes.
d. to jump (or go (and) jump) in the lake: see jump v. 1 d.
†2. A pond, a pool. Obs.
a1000O.E. Chron. an. 656 (Laud MS.) Þurh ælle þa meres and feonnes þa liggen toward Huntendune porte and þas meres and laces. a1300Cursor M. 11934 Þarbi satt iesus on his plai, And lakes seuen he made o clai. c1325Song Mercy 162 in E.E.P. (1862) 123 We slepe a[s] swolle swyn in lake. c1386Chaucer Wife's Prol. 269 Ne noon so grey goos gooth in the lake. a1400Pistill of Susan 229 He lyft vp þe lach and leop ouer þe lake, þat ȝouthe. a1500Chester Pl. (E.E.T.S.) vii. 291 Lye there, lydder, in the lake. 1609Sc. Acts Jas. VI (1816) IV. 432/1 All vtheris, garthis, pullis, haldis, Laikis and nettis.
†3.
a. [after Vulg. lacus.] A pit; a den (of lions); occas. a grave. Obs.
c1320R. Brunne Medit. 347 For þey to my soule deluyn a lake. a1340Hampole Psalter vii. 16 Þe lake he oppynd and vp grofe it. 1382Wyclif Isa. xxxviii. 18 Thei shul not abyden thi treuthe, that gon doun in to the lake. a1450Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 350 Whan he dede ryse out of his lake Than was ther suche an erthe quake That [etc.]. 1506Sir R. Guylforde Pilgr. (Camden) 35 And set hym in y⊇ lake of lyons where Danyell the prophete was.
fig.a1400Prymer (1891) 83 He ladde me out of þe laake of wrechchednesse.
†b. An underground dungeon; a prison. Obs.
1382Wyclif Jer. xxxviii. 6 Thei putte doun Jeremye in cordis and in to the lake. 1447O. Bokenham Seyntys (Roxb.) 73 Cristyn thus entryd was In to that horribyl and lothful lake.
†4. Used after L. lacus = a wine-vat. Obs.
1382Wyclif Rev. xiv. 20 And the lake is defoulid with oute the citee, and the blood wente out of the lake vn to the brijdels of horsis. 1657G. Thornley Daphnis & Chloe 48 Daphnis cast them [sc. grapes] into the presse, and trod them there; and then anon, out of the Lake, tunn'd the Wine into the Butts.
5. attrib. and Comb.:
a. simple attrib., as lake-bed, lake-fishery, lake-fowl, lake-front, lake-island, lake-isle, lake-level, lake-shore, lake-side, lake-steamer, lake-system, lake-water; also lakeward adj. and adv. Also in the names of fishes, as lake-bass, lake-herring, lake-shad, lake-sturgeon, lake-trout, lake-whiting, for which see the second member.
1795J. Scott U.S. Gazetteer s.v. Vermont, A species of fish called *lake bass. 1884G. B. Goode Fisheries U.S.: Nat. Hist. Aquatic Animals 424 The White Bass or Striped Lake Bass, Roccus chrysops. 1973R. Lockridge Not I, said the Sparrow (1974) vi. 87 There was only one right way to cook lake bass.
1906Yorks. N. & Q. July 100 Their position on the edge of the old *lake-bed. 1937Discovery Jan. 24/1 The bones [of the shovel-tusked Mastodon] lay embedded in the hardened mud deposit of an ancient lake-bed in Mongolia.
1883F. A. Smith Swedish Fisheries 13 (Fish. Exh. Publ.) It is scarcely possible to find the approximate value of the *lake fisheries of Sweden by the official returns.
1813Hogg Queen's Wake, Nt. Second Wks. (1876) 26 The *lake-fowl's wake was heard no more.
1880‘Mark Twain’ Tramp Abroad 245 The *lake-front is walled with masonry like a pier. 1968Economist 13 July 38/3 A lakefront site that would be better as a park.
1842J. E. DeKay Zool. N.Y. iv. 267 The Lake Moon-eye, Hyodon clodalis,..is common in Lake Erie. At Buffalo and Barcelona, it is called Moon-eye, Shiner, and *Lake Herring. 1875Amer. Naturalist IX. 135, I received..a collection of deep water ‘Siscoes’... Compared with Coregonus most of the species have a more slender form; hence their popular name of ‘lake herrings’, although their resemblance to the sea herring is quite superficial. 1955Arctic Terms 48/1 Lake herring, any of various whitefish of the genus Leucichthys, caught in great numbers in circumpolar fresh waters. Also called ‘cisco’.
1893W. B. Yeats in Bookman May 43/1 It is said that an enchanted tree once grew on the little *lake-island of Innisfree.
1890― Countess Kathleen (1892) 121 (title) The *Lake Isle of Innisfree. 1917E. Pound Lustra 61 (title) The lake isle.
1860Maury Phys. Geog. Sea (Low) xii. §538 A lowering of the *lake-level.
1798I. Allen Nat. & Pol. Hist. Vermont 61 The two Frenchmen were landed..with instructions to follow the *lake shore. 1813Niles' Reg. IV. 159/1 Previous to this period, a great deal of prejudice existed against the lake shore, as unhealthy. 1849Ex. Doc. 31st U.S. Congress 1 Sess. House No. 5. ii. 731 The sandstone on the lake-shore is..covered by fifteen..feet of sand and clay. 1851C. Cist Sk. Cincinnati in 1851 319 Hence [arise] their efforts to reach Chicago, by way of the Erie lake shore. 1896Howells Impressions & Exp. 7 In that cold lake-shore country the people dwelt in wooden structures. 1973Tucson (Arizona) Daily Citizen 22 Aug. 1/1 The 15½-foot-deep lake gives Tucson the appearance of being a major lakeshore metropolis.
1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 323 After they couche them selues in a pece of grounde, by the *lake side. 1727Philip Quarll (1816) 31 He attended me to the lake side. 1871W. Morris in Mackail Life (1899) I. 258 A swan rose trumpeting from the lakeside.
1847Knickerbocker XXX. 456 He has been inspired by looking down through the iron foot-grating of a great *lake-steamer. 1888C. D. Ferguson Experiences Forty-Niner i. 11 It was in the month of September, 1849, when..I embarked on the lake-steamer, A. D. Patchen for Chicago.
1861Times 22 Oct., Canada and the *lake system..cut into the States on the north.
1871W. Morris in Mackail Life (1899) I. 270 The slope on the *lakeward side.
1890W. B. Yeats Countess Kathleen (1892) 121, I hear *lake water lapping with low sounds. 1906Westm. Gaz. Oct. 6 6/2 And far below the blue lake-waters shine. 1920Joyce Let. 5 June (1966) II. 469 It should be read in the evening when the lakewater is lapping.
b. instrumental, as lake-girt, lake-moated, lake-reflected, lake-surrounded adjs.c. locative, as lake-diver; lake-resounding adj. Also lake-like adj.
1657Reeve God's Plea 23 What art thou?.. Adam's Ulcer,..the *lake-diver, the furnace brand, the brimstone⁓match of that cursed man.
1878H. M. Stanley Through Dark Continent I. x. 222 From the summit of this *lake-girt isle. 1908Daily Chron. 4 Aug. 3/1 The noche triste when the Spaniards found themselves surrounded in the lake-girt capital of the Aztecs.
1843Ruskin Mod. Paint. I. ii. iii. iv. 251 White and *lake-like fields [of mist].
1820Scott Abbot xxxviii, The locked, guarded, and *lake-moated Castle of Lochleven.
1821Shelley Prometh. Unb. i. i. 744 He will watch..the *lake-reflected sun illume the yellow bees.
1717Parnell Homer's Batt. Frogs & Mice 5 The *Lake-resounding Frogs selected Fare.
1821Shelley Prometh. Unb. ii. ii. 38 Like many a *lake-surrounded flute, Sounds overflow the listener's brain.
6. a. Special comb.: lake-basin, a depression which contains, or has contained, a lake; also, the area drained by all the streams entering a lake; lake country = lake-land; lake-crater, a crater which contains or has contained a lake; Lake District = lake-land; lake-fever U.S. local, malaria; lake-fly U.S., an ephemerid (Ephemera simulans), which swarms in the Great Lakes late in July (Cent. Dict.); Lakehead Canad., (a) Hist., the western end of Lake Ontario (quot. 1827); (b) the city of Thunder Bay, Ontario, and the surrounding region on the north-west shore of Lake Superior; lake-lawyer U.S., a jocular name given to two different fishes, the bow-fin and the burbot, in allusion to their voracity; lake-lodge, -ore (see quots.); lake rampart, ridge = ice-rampart (ice n. 8); lake-weed, water-pepper (Polygonum hydropiper). Also lake-land.
1833Lyell Princ. Geol. III. 9 The whole assemblage must terminate somewhere:..where they reach the boundary of the original *lake-basin. 1865D. Page Handbk. Geol. Terms (ed. 2) 272 Lake-basin, in geography, the depressed area which contains the waters of a lake; also the entire area drained by the streams that fall into a lake. In geology, the concavity..in which the waters of a lake rest. 1882Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. XXI. 326 In the Himalaya, the valleys of Nepal and Kashmir are old orographic lake basins. 1965W. D. Thornbury Regional Geomorphol. U.S. xxiv. 494/2 Fish can be carried by birds from one lake basin into another. 1967Jennings & Mabbutt Landform Stud. Austral. & New Guinea vi. 111 Such an argument would explain why well formed alluvial fans survive outside the catchment of Lake Torrens and why they are absent or present in only a degraded form within the lake basin.
1842Amer. Pioneer I. 211 No where was the pressure or want of money more sensibly felt than in the *lake country. 1875Lowell Wks. (1890) IV. 363 The greater part of Wordsworth's vacations was spent in his native Lake-country.
1833Lyell Princ. Geol. III. 197 If we pass from the Upper to the Lower Eifel we find the celebrated *lake-crater of Laach.
1835Wordsworth Yarrow Revisited 241 Force is the word used in the *Lake District for Water-fall. 1851Art Jrnl. 1 May 132/2 The scale upon which the scenery of the English Lake district is laid out. 1886J. Prestwich Geol. I. 267 In the Lake District the planes of cleavage also usually strike about E.N.E. 1936Discovery May 150/2 Lovers of the Lake District..feel that the peculiar wild beauty of the innermost fells will be destroyed by the introduction of large acreages of larch and spruce planted in small rows on the hillsides. 1957G. E. Hutchinson Treat. Limnol. I. i. 1 Lakes therefore tend to be grouped together in lake districts. Ibid., The whole group of lakes of a given lake district may be compared with another group.
1827Gore Gaz. (Ancaster, Ont.) 25 May 50/4 It appeared, that a person at the *Lake Head, had furnished the York Garrison with 800 bbls. of Flour last year. 1955Beaver Summer 37 From the deck of the loaded freighter, bound for the Sault and Welland Canals, the grain strongholds of the lakehead stand like castles against the sunset. 1968Globe & Mail (Toronto) 13 Feb. B7/2 One of the world's largest multiple-line insurance companies requires a sales oriented management man to establish a sales force in the lakehead.
1859Bartlett Dict. Amer., *Lake lawyer, the Western Mud-fish... Dr. Kirtland says it is..called the lake lawyer, from its ‘ferocious looks and voracious habits’.
1884Evangelical Mag. May 212 [Beavers'] Lodges are built sometimes on the shores of lakes..These are called ‘*lake-lodges’.
1864T. L. Phipson Utiliz. Minute Life x. 256 In the lakes of Sweden there are vast layers of iron oxide almost exclusively built up by animalcules. This kind of iron-stone is called *lake-ore.
1860C. H. Hitchcock in Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. XIII. 335 We have discovered similar walls of stone in Vermont, and venture to describe this form of drift under the name of *Lake Ramparts.
1870Amer. Naturalist IV. 199 Above all these Drift deposits..are the ‘*lake ridges’—embankments of sand, gravel, sticks, leaves, etc., which run imperfectly parallel with the present outlines of the lake margins.
1693Phil. Trans. XVII. 876 'Tis branched and seeded something like Spinage or Mercury, but leaved rather like *Lakeweed. 1760J. Lee Introd. Bot. App. 316 Lakeweed, Polygonum.
b. Lake poets, school, terms casually applied to the three poets, Coleridge, Southey, and Wordsworth, who resided in the region of the English Lakes; Lake poetry, the poetry written by them.
1816Edin. Rev. XXVII. 66 Other productions of the Lake School. Ibid. XXVII. 278 His [sc. Byron's] views fell more in with those of the Lake poets, than of any other party in the poetical commonwealth. 1817Edin. Rev. Aug. 509 When we have occasion to consider any new publication from the Lake school. 1824Mill in Westm. Rev. I. 516 Mr. Southey..and the other Lake poets..commenced writing with higher objects. 1837Penny Cycl. VII. 343/2 The appellation of Lake-poets, given to these three individuals after the publication of the ‘Lyrical Ballads.’ 1843H. N. Coleridge in Stanley Life Arnold (1884) I. i. 16 What has been somewhat unreasonably called the Lake Poetry. 1874L. Stephen Hours in Library II. 307 To the whole Lake school his [Hazlitt's] attitude is always the same—justice done grudgingly.
c. lake-dweller, one who in pre-historic times lived in a lake-dwelling or lake-habitation, i.e. one built upon piles driven into the bed of a lake; lake-hamlet, -settlement, -village, a collection of such dwellings; lake-man = lake-dweller.
1863Lyell Antiq. Man 21 In the stone period the *lake-dwellers cultivated all these cereals.
Ibid. 18 The Swiss *lake-dwellings seem first to have attracted attention during the dry winter of 1853–4. 1884Times (weekly ed.) 19 Sept. 12 Researches into the lake-dwellings of West Scotland.
1865Lubbock Preh. Times 69 The piles used in the Swiss Stone age *Lake-habitations were evidently..prepared with the help of stone axes.
Ibid. (1878) 54 A..piece of pottery apparently intended to represent a *Lake-hamlet.
1884W. Westall Contemp. Rev. July 70 The brain of the *lake⁓man was equal to that of the men of our own time.
1863Lyell Antiq. Man 23 The reindeer is missing in the Swiss *lake-settlements.
1865Lubbock Preh. Times 126 The *Lake-villages of the Bronze age were contemporaneous.
Add:[2.] For † Obs. read ‘Obs. exc. U.S.’ and add later examples.
1784J. Filson Discovery of Kentucke 31 Near the head of Salt river a subterranean lake, or large pond, has lately been discovered. 1835C. P. Bradley Jrnl. 17 June in Ohio Archaeol. & Hist. Q. (1906) XV. 258 They call here every little pond a lake. 1917S. Leacock Frenzied Fiction (1918) v. 59, I write this..down by the pond—they call it the lake—at the foot of Beverly-Jones's estate. 1988Chapel Hill (N. Carolina) Newspaper 21 Feb. 6d/5 (Advt.), In this lovely, new 5-bedroom home, enjoy the private lake right outside the back door.
[5.] [a.] lake-port.
1837H. Martineau Society in Amer. I. ii. 261 It [sc. Chicago] will be like all the other new and thriving *lake and river ports of America. 1872Atlantic Monthly Apr. 455/1 There is no difficulty in determining the number who landed at our sea-ports and the lake-ports since October 1, 1819. 1986New Yorker 29 Sept. 33/1 The Yavari..has not stirred from the dock at the lake port of Puno for a number of years.
[c.] lake-dwelling a.
1949M. Mead Male & Female iii. 54 (heading) The *lake-dwelling Tchambuli. 1989N.Y. Times 20 Aug. viii. 5/3 The fish is the seeforellen, a lake-dwelling form of the brown trout.
▪ V. † lake, n.5 Obs.
Also 6 Sc. laik, 7 layke.
[First found in Chaucer; prob. a. Du. laken, corresp. to OE. lachen ‘clamidem’ (Wr.-Wülcker 377/22), OFris. leken, OS. lakan mantle (chlamys), veil of the temple, OHG. lahhan (MHG. lachen), mod.G. lakan from LG.]
Fine linen.
c1386Chaucer Sir Thopas 147 He dide next his white leere Of clooth of lake fyn and cleere. 1447O. Bokenham Seyntys (Roxb.) 73 Bryngyng hir brede als whyt as lake. 1501Douglas Pal. Hon. i. lii, Thir fair ladyis in silk and claith of laik. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. III. 234 Quhilk causit hes to lurk wnder the laik Richt mony cowart durst nocht cum to straik. 1603Philotus lx, The quhytest layke bot with the blackest asse.
▪ VI. lake, n.6|leɪk|
[Orig. a variant of lac1.]
1. A pigment of a reddish hue, originally obtained from lac (cf. lac1 2), and now from cochineal treated as in 3.
1616Bullokar, Lake, a faire red colour vsed by painters. 1622Peacham Compl. Gent. xiii. (1634) 130 Lay your colours upon your Pallet thus: first your white lead, then Lake. 1674Beale's Pocket Bk. in H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Paint. (1786) III. 131 Several parcells of Lake of my own makeing. 1728Desaguliers in Phil. Trans. XXXV. 608 Instead of Vermilion the red Paper may be painted with Carmine or Lake. 1816J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 751 Deep Prussian blue and lake..form a purple of the next degree of excellence. 1859Gullick & Timbs Paint. 224 The common lake is prepared from Brazil wood.
2. transf. as the name of a colour.
1660Albert Durer Revived 11 Lake..is an excellent Crimson-colour. 1686W. Aglionby Painting Illustr. i. 23 In imploying of fine Colours, as fine lacks Ultra Marine Green, &c. 1882Garden 7 Oct. 312/3 Of new flowers there are..Constancy, yellow, deeply edged with lake.
3. In extended sense: A pigment obtained by the combination of animal, vegetable, or coal-tar colouring matter with some metallic oxide or earth. Often preceded by some qualifying word, as crimson, Florence, green, madder, yellow, etc. lake. Indian lake: a crimson pigment prepared from stick-lac treated with alum and alkali.
1684R. Waller Nat. Exper. 137 How to take the Lake of any Flower. 1791Hamilton Berthollet's Dyeing I. i. i. ii. 37 If a solution of a colouring substance be mixed with a solution of alum..[and] if..we add an alkali..the colouring particles are then precipitated, combined with the alumine..this compound has got the name of Lake. 1812Sir H. Davy Chem. Philos. 430 The red juices of fruits were fixed by it [tungsten] so as to make permanent and beautiful lakes. 1822J. Imison Sci. & Art II. 410 The lakes chiefly used are red colours, and these are of different qualities. 1853W. Gregory Inorg. Chem. (ed. 3) 204 Carmine is a lake of cochineal. 1866Roscoe Elem. Chem. xx. 180 Alumina..has the power of forming insoluble compounds called lakes with vegetable colouring matter. 1877O'Neill in Encycl. Brit. VII. 573/1 The precipitate is usually called the ‘lake’ of the particular metal and colouring matter.
4. Comb., as lake-red, lake vermilion ns. and adjs.; lake-coloured adj.
1764Mus. Rust. I. 166 note, The lake-red used by the painters in enamel is composed of fine gold dissolved in aqua regia, with sal armoniac. 1796Withering Brit. Plants (ed. 3) IV. 214 Pileus fine lake red, changing with age to a rich orange and buff. 1882Garden 25 Mar. 196/2 A leafy cluster of blossoms..of a brilliant lake-vermillion hue. 1898P. Manson Trop. Diseases i. 25 The black pigment shews up very distinctly in the homogeneous lake-coloured sheet of free hæmoglobin.
▪ VII. lake, v.1 Now chiefly dial.|leɪk|
Forms: 1 lácan, 4 leyke, laiky, 4–6 laike, layke, 6, 9 laak, 8–9 laik, 4– lake.
[A Com. Teut. reduplicative str. vb., OE. lácan, pa. tense léolc, léc = ON. leika, pa. tense lék (Sw. leka, Da. lege), Goth. laikan, pa. tense lailaik, MHG. leichen, pa. tense leichte, pa. pple. geleichen. The word seems in ME. to have been re-adopted in the Scandinavian form. Its currency is almost entirely northern, no forms with o being known. The inflexion has been weak since the 13th c.]
†1. intr. To exert oneself, move quickly, leap, spring; hence, to fight. Obs.
Beowulf (Z.) 2848 Ða ne dorston ær dareðum lacan on hyra man-dryhtnes miclan þearfe. a1000Juliana 674 Heliseus..leolc ofer laȝuflod longe hwile on swonrade. c1205Lay. 21270 Arður him læc to swa hit a liun weoren. Ibid. 28522 Hit læc toward hirede folc vnimete. c1400Destr. Troy 9997 Thus þai laiket o þe laund the long day ouer.
†b. trans. To move quickly.
c1205Lay. 29662 Up he læc þene staf Þat water þer after leop.
2. intr. To play, sport; occas. in amorous or obscene sense; dial. to take a holiday from work; to be out of work. Also with about, away.
c1300Havelok 950 The children..with him leykeden here fille. 13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 872 Laykez wyth hem as yow lyst & letez my gestes one. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. i. 187 And yf hym luste for to layke þanne loke we mowe. c1400Destr. Troy 12734 This Clunestra..For lacke of hir lord laiked besyde. c1440York Myst. xxvi. 238 How þis losell laykis with his lorde. 1570Levins Manip. 198/15. 1599 T. Cutwode Caltha Poet. Pref. (1815) A v, Let the lasses giue over laaking in the greene. 1674Ray N.C. Words 28 To Lake: to Play, a word common to all the North Country. 1803R. Anderson Cumberld. Ball. 62 The peat-stack we us'd to lake roun'll be brunt ere this! a1804J. Mather Songs (1862) 91 (Sheffield Gloss.) Why don't these play-acting foak lake away? 1818Scott Hrt. Midl. xxxiii, Any tidy lass..that..would not go laiking about to wakes and fairs. 1859Mrs. Gaskell Round the Sofa II. 101 The men [in Westmoreland] occasionally going off laking..that is, drinking, for days together. 1892Spectator 16 Apr. 529/1 The Yorkshire word to signify playing, as generally understood, is ‘laking’.
†b. quasi-trans. To sport with, mock. Obs.
13..Seuyn Sag. (W.) 1212 A! hou wimmen conne hit make Whan thai wil ani man lake!
†3. refl. To amuse oneself, play. Obs.
c1350Will. Palerne 31 [He] layked him long while to lesten þat merþe. c1380Sir Ferumb. 3356 Þai hadden..burdes briȝte & bolde..to layky hem wan þay wolde. a1400–50Alexander 1770 Se quat I send to þe, son þi-selfe with to laike. c1425Wyntoun Cron. ii. xiv. 1271 As this Queyne apon a day Hyr laykand in a medow lay.
▪ VIII. † lake, v.2 Obs.
[f. lake n.1]
trans. To present an offering or sacrifice to.
c1200Ormin 1172 Þa lakesst tu Drihhtin wiþþ shep Gast⁓like i þine þæwess. Ibid. 7430 Þa þre kingess lakedenn Crist Wiþþ þrinne kinne lakess.
▪ IX. lake, v.3|leɪk|
[f. lake n.6]
trans. To make lake-coloured; spec. by causing the hæmoglobin in red blood cells to pass out into the plasma. Hence laked ppl. a.
1898Allbutt's Syst. Med. V. 446 This difficulty [number of chromocytes obscuring leucocytes] may be overcome by using Thomas' 0·3 acetic acid solution for diluting the blood, this having the effect of ‘laking’ the chromocytes. 1903Science 6 Mar. 369 For the preparation of hæmoglobin the blood was collected in ammonium oxalate, washed, laked with distilled water [etc.]. 1912Gulland & Goodall Blood vi. 48 Dilution of the plasma causes the corpuscles to swell up and become rounded, and if the dilution be carried too far the corpuscle ruptures and the hæmoglobin passes into solution. The blood is then said to be ‘laked’. 1925C. H. Browning Bacteriol. vi. 122 If now tetanus toxin is added the suspension soon becomes transparent, i.e. it is laked or lysed, owing to the hæmoglobin diffusing out of the red cells. 1946Nature 28 Dec. 953/1 This is..far from reaching the refractive index level of the red cells (which would have resulted in producing ‘laked blood’ without hæmolysis).
▪ X. lake
obs. form of lac n.1, lack. |