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Yorkshire|ˈjɔːkʃə(r)|
[f. York n.1 + shire 5.]
Formerly, the name of the largest of the northern counties of England (comprising three ridings or administrative divisions). As a result of local-government re-organization in 1974, this region was divided into the three counties of North, West, and South Yorkshire (and some territory originally included in Yorkshire became part of Humberside). The name is still used loosely to designate the region covered by the former county or, more accurately, to that formed by the present three counties.
1. attrib.
a. Pertaining to or characteristic of Yorkshire.
1683G. M[eriton] (title) A York-shire Dialogue, in its pure Natural Dialect. 1685Dryden Sylvæ Pref. a 6, Like a fair Shepherdess in her Country Russet, talking in a Yorkshire Tone. 1826Zool. Jrnl. II. 555 An undescribed Fossil Animal from the Yorkshire Coal-field. 1859Househ. Words 15 Jan. 148/2 His sullen, self-willed, local Yorkshire nature. 1886T. L. Kington-Oliphant New Engl. I. 31 Hampole's..‘Pricke of Conscience’..is in the Yorkshire dialect.
b. Applied to things originating in or cultivated especially in Yorkshire, as Yorkshire ale, Yorkshire cabbage, Yorkshire cord, Yorkshire drab, Yorkshire fog, (fog n.1), Yorkshire fustian, Yorkshire gray, Yorkshire grit (grit n.1 2), Yorkshire kidney (potato), Yorkshire pie, Yorkshire sanicle (sanicle 2), Yorkshire shoe, Yorkshire stone, Yorkshire tyke (tyke 3), Yorkshire white(s; Yorkshire bond, cement, light, maiden, mile (see quots.); Yorkshire chair, a type of 17th-century upright chair, usu. distinguished by an open backrest and arched cross-rails; Yorkshire fog, a perennial greyish-green grass, Holcus lanatus, bearing pale green or purplish panicles; Yorkshire pudding, a batter-pudding orig. baked under meat, now usu. cooked and served as a separate item to accompany roast beef; hence Yorkshire pud colloq.; Yorkshire Relish, the proprietary name of a kind of savoury sauce; Yorkshire teacake, a kind of baked yeast teacake occas. made with currants or sultanas; Yorkshire terrier, a small, long-coated, tan and blue-grey terrier belonging to a breed developed in the West Riding of Yorkshire about 1870.
1683G. Meriton (title) The Praise of *York-shire Ale.
1892Dict. Archit., *Yorkshire bond, or flying, or garden wall, bond, is chiefly used in building garden walls, one brick thick; the face shows three or four stretchers to one header; or five courses of stretchers to one of headers.
1786Abercrombie Gard. Assist. 228 Cabbage seed..some early dwarf sorts, early *Yorkshire.
1892Dict. Archit., *Yorkshire cement, the same as Mulgrave, Whitby, or Atkinson's cement.
[1900E. Singleton Furnit. of Our Forefathers I. i. 46 There were not so many kinds of single chairs in the seventeenth century... There were two very favourite patterns, the Derbyshire and the Yorkshire... The Yorkshire model..is rather more ornamental.] 1906W. E. Mallett Introd. Old Eng. Furnit. 20 A solid oak chair of the Stuart period. These are often called *Yorkshire chairs. 1976Southern Even. Echo (Southampton) 12 Nov. (Advt. Suppl.) 19/3, 4 Yorkshire chairs and 1 carver, {pstlg}300.
1849H. W. Herbert Frank Forester I. 3 A pair of most voluminous unmentionables, of thick *Yorkshire cord.
1810Sporting Mag. XXXVI. 240 A driving coat of *Yorkshire drab.
1874C. C. Babington Man. Brit. Bot. (ed. 7) 419 H. lanatus... Meadows and pastures... *Yorkshire Fog. 1954C. E. Hubbard Grasses 237 ‘Yorkshire Fog’ is generally regarded as a weed, but when young it has some value for grazing. 1977New Yorker 8 Aug. 58/3 The fairways were edged by the wispiest kind of rough—a thin, random collection of fescue, buttercups, plantain shoreweed, Yorkshire fog, dandelions, and assorted other weeds, grasses and wild flowers.
1612in Halyburton's Ledger (1867) 308 *Yorkshyre or Northern fusteanes.
1679Trials of T. White & Other Jesuits 83 In Gray Cloaths, a Gray Coat like a Shepherds Coat, a *Yorkshire-Gray.
1892Dict. Archit. s.v., *Yorkshire stone or Grit, is a name sometimes given to Bramley Fall stone; it is one of the most general of the sandstones sent to London, and is used for paving, copings, and other rough work.
1849H. W. Herbert Frank Forester III. 144 There was a *Yorkshire ham, which had not suffered so deeply by the last night's onslaught.
1842Loudon Suburban Hort. 639 The red-nosed kidney and the white *Yorkshire kidney.
1892Dict. Archit., *Yorkshire light, a term used in Lancashire, for a sliding sash.
1752Gentl. Mag. Jan. 32/2 A Machine for washing of Linnen, called a *Yorkshire Maiden.
1711E. Ward Quix. I. 44 Not caring to perform much more Than one good *Yorkshire Mile an Hour. 1889N.W. Linc. Gloss., Yerksheer mile, a long distance.
1838Dickens Nich. Nick. vii, A young servant girl brought in a *Yorkshire pie. 1894Garrett's Encycl. Pract. Cookery II. 803/1 Yorkshire Pie. A pie under this name sold at Italian warehouses is nothing more than a galantine packed in terrines of different sizes.
1794Wedge Agric. Chester 23 The Rotherham or *Yorkshire plough.
1747H. Glasse Cookery 69 A *Yorkshire Pudding. Take a Quart of Milk, four Eggs,..make it up into a thick Batter with Flour, like a Pancake Batter. 1832Macaulay in Trevelyan Life (1876) I. v. 272 They feed me on roast-beef and Yorkshire pudding. 1836[Hooton] Bilberry Thurland I. vii. 140 At the bottom of all..lay about half an acre of sad and heavy Yorkshire pudding, like a leaden pancake.
1975New Society 21 Aug. 411/2 The roast beef and *Yorkshire pud dinners provided on Sundays. 1976C. Bermant Coming Home ii. iv. 169, I was given roast beef and Yorkshire pud.
1877Trade Marks Jrnl. 13 Jan. 78 *Yorkshire Relish... William Powell, of..the firm of Goodall Backhouse and Co., Leeds..; drysalters and general merchants. 1881Cassell's Family Mag. Dec. 46/1 And two table-spoonfuls of Yorkshire Relish. 1926Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 17 Jan. 7/7 (Advt.), Genuine Yorkshire Relish.
1770Bridges Burlesque Transl. Homer (1797) II. 30 One Tychius, who dwelt in Hyle, Where *Yorkshire shoes are made most vilely.
1569in Black Bks. Linc. Inn (1897) I. 449 For vj fote of *Yorkeshere stone for bassys of dorys.
1877Cassell's Dict. Cookery 1157/2 *Yorkshire tea-cakes... Two pounds of good flour;..an ounce of German yeast..two well-beaten eggs and six ounces of butter... Leave it in a warm place to rise... Divide it into ten portions. 1945‘R. Crompton’ William & Brains Trust v. 84 One of his happiest memories was the Yorkshire tea cakes that his mother used to make. 1977E. David Eng. Bread & Yeast Cookery 488 The following nineteenth-century recipe for plain Yorkshire tea cakes comes from..Marcus Woodward.
[1871R. Pearson in Field 13 May 386/2 Some friends of mine in Yorkshire wish me to put a matter right in connection with dog shows, namely, the classification of a breed of dogs they claim as of Yorkshire origin—those beautiful blue and tan long-haired terriers, now sometimes entered in the Scotch and broken-haired, also rough-haired terrier classes. They with myself think it would much simplify the matter by calling them the ‘Yorkshire blue and tan long-haired terrier’.] 1872‘Stonehenge’ Dogs of Brit. Islands (ed. 2) v. 108 The silver-grey *Yorkshire terrier is not a distinct breed, being merely a paler variety of the blue-tan. 1922D. Matheson Terriers i. 188 Yorkshire Terriers are hardy, game little dogs. 1959Observer 1 Feb. 12 Yorkshire Terrier. Coat should hang straight and evenly down each side. 1971Country Life 6 May 1098/3 Mrs. Huxham makes it clear..how much pleasure and entertainment she gets from her gay little Yorkshire terriers.
c. The name of a breed of white pig, now widely bred for bacon.
1770Bridges Burlesque Transl. Homer (1797) II. 319 A pastry-cook, That made good pigeon-pie of rook, Cut venison from Yorkshire hogs. 1845Encycl. Metrop. XXV. 310/1 The Old Yorkshire Pig is by some considered as the very worst of the large varieties, very long legged, weak loined, not of strong constitution, nor good stye pigs, but yet quicker feeders. 1856J. C. Morton Cycl. Agric. II. 942/1 The Old Lincolnshire, or Yorkshire Pig, was one of largest breeds in the kingdom, and probably the worst... The large breed, or improved wold pig, has probably undergone as great a change as any, and has become..the most profitable kind we have. 1914‘Saki’ Beasts & Super-beasts 24 Tarquin, the huge white Yorkshire boar-pig, had exchanged the narrow limits of his stye for the wider range of the grass paddock. 1974Encycl. Brit. Macropædia X. 1281/2 The Yorkshire pig, which originated early in the 19th century in England, where it was considered a bacon type, is long, lean, and trim with white hair and skin. Found in most countries, this breed is probably the most widely-distributed in the world.
2. Used allusively, esp. in reference to the † boorishness, cunning, sharpness, or trickery attributed to Yorkshire people. to come (or put) Yorkshire on one, to cheat, dupe, overreach him. Yorkshire bite, a sharp overreaching action or person. † Also in prov. phr. a pair of Yorkshire sleeves in a goldsmith's shop, said of anything worthless.
1620Westward for Smelts (Percy Soc.) 36 If she lived now, she would shew as vild as a paire of Yorkeshire sleeves in a goldsmiths shop. 1624A. Holland Contin. Inquis. Paper-Persec. 85 England is all turn'd Yorkeshire, and the Age Extremely sottish, or too nicely sage. 1650Brief Disc. betw. Yorkshirem. & Scottish-man 1 Yorks. I am a Yorkshireman born and bred, I care not who knowes it: I hope true Yorkshire never denies his county. Scot. I thought you looked like a subtle blade. 1700Step to the Bath 10, I ask'd what Countrey-Man my Landlord was? Answer was made full North; and Faith 'twas very Evident, for he had put the Yorkshire most Damnably upon us. 1706E. Ward Wooden World Diss. (1708) 53 He's more confident of his Way, than a Yorkshire Carrier. c1747J. Collier (Tim Bobbin) View Lanc. Dial. (1770) Gloss., Yorshar, Yorkshire; to put Yorkshire of a Man, is to trick, cheat, or deceive him. 1795Gentl. Mag. Aug. 629/1, I flatter myself that this will turn out to be a Yorkshire bite, and that the biter will be bit. 1796Holman Abroad & at Home i. i, I dare say, his Yorkshire simplicity will qualify him admirably for the profession! 1801Sporting Mag. XIX. 114, I will not denominate your coursing correspondent a Yorkshire bite, for he only snaps. 1877N.W. Linc. Gloss., Yerksheer, Yorkshire. When anything is done very sharp or clever, we say ‘that's real Yerksheer’. 1887S. Cheshire Gloss., Yorkshire, cajolery, blarney, attempt to hoodwink or deceive. ‘Let's ha' none o' yur Yorkshire.’
3. ellipt. as the designation of a thick coarse cloth made in Yorkshire, a breed of canary, (pl.) soldiers of a Yorkshire regiment; also short for Yorkshire dialect; Yorkshire pudding; a Yorkshire pig; a Yorkshire terrier.
1717M. W. Montagu Let. 1 Apr. (1965) I. 333 'Tis as ridiculous to make use of the expressions commonly us'd, in speaking to a Great Man or a Lady, as it would be to talk broad Yorkshire or Somersetshire in the drawing room. 1726Lond. Gaz. No. 6444/5 Speaks Yorkshire. 1753Hanway Trav. (1762) I. vi. lxxxv. 390 Soldiers cloths, yorkshires, and flannels. 1849Paton Highl. Adriatic II. xvii. 215 The Hausknecht and Stallknecht..speaking the broad dialect of the south-eastern provinces, a kind of Yorkshire to the classic language of the Schillers and Herders. 1898Westm. Gaz. 31 Jan. 7/1 Fifteen of the Yorkshire Light Infantry killed; two Sikhs and thirty-one Yorkshires wounded. 1898Daily News 28 Nov. 3/3 Slim and sprightly Yorkshires..contrast strongly with the equally esteemed Lancashires of pale yellow plumage. 1898J. D. Brayshaw Slum Silhouettes 235 Now's yer time, gents, fer a nice 'ot dinner, cut off the jint.., an' two wedgetables; plum-tart or Yorkshire—a shilling. 1902Encycl. Brit. XXV. 194/2 The latter [sc. recognized breeds] include the Large White, Middle White, and Small White, which were all formerly embraced under the general term of Yorkshires, and are still so called in other countries. 1908Daily Chron. 7 Feb. 3/5 [Women] much prefer the graceful, stylish Yorkshire to the more rotund Norwich. 1922D. Matheson Terriers i. 181 Originally designed as a sporting dog, the Yorkshire has gradually passed into a lap-dog. 1956A. Wilson Anglo-Saxon Attitudes i. ii. 41 Theo..said, ‘Shame!’ in his broadest Yorkshire. 1967M. Kenyon Whole Hog viii. 93 They're Large Whites. You [sc. Americans] call them Yorkshire. 1971R. J. White Second-Hand Tomb ix. 95 Rammel. That's Yorkshire for rubbish. 1977J. Wambaugh Black Marble (1978) viii. 105 The handler two stations down had a Yorkshire with a touch-up. 1977S. Wales Guardian 27 Oct. 5/3 Oh the joy of digging into tender roast beef and Yorkshire!
†4. = Yorkist b. Obs.
1643Baker Chron., Hen. VI (1653) 278 All the enemies of the Yorkshire Faction are assembled by the Queen at Greenwich. 1792E. Spelman & Lemon Hist. Civ. Wars 125 The earl of Warwick..came over to England, in order to put himself at the head of the Yorkshire insurgents.
Hence ˈYorkshiredom, the character of a Yorkshireman; ˈYorkshir(e)ism, an action or expression characteristic of a Yorkshireman.
1849Athenæum 7 Apr. 356/2 Tim Matlock..who keeps his ‘canny Yorkshire-dom’ intact even on Jonathan's hunting-ground. 1849C. Brontë Shirley xviii, Mr. Hall's sincere friendly homily, with all its racy Yorkshireisms. 1962P. Bentley ‘O Dreams, O Destinations’ iv. 56 Her voice was pleasant, quite devoid of Yorkshirisms. 1971J. Wainwright Dig Grave & let him Lie 128 ‘Aye.’ The open-vowelled Yorkshirism was heavy with self-disgust.
Add:[1.] [a.] (Further examples.) Also of a person: originating from Yorkshire (see also Yorkshireman n.); owning allegiance to Yorkshire. Now also as pred. adj.
1880A. J. Munby Dorothy p. xvi, The two Yorkshire girls were..both..excellent ploughwomen. 1962J. Braine Life at Top iv. 68 My own voice, thicker and more Yorkshire than I'd imagined it. 1968Guardian 26 Mar. 5/3 Lady Inglefield said she was Yorkshire. 1970Daily Tel. (Colour Suppl.) 11 Sept. 15/1 As Yorkshire as they come, Tom is an extrovert, always plenty to say and a smile as wide as the Ribble Valley. 1982J. Wainwright Distaff Factor 45 Bill Dreever was Yorkshire, militantly Yorkshire. |