| 释义 |
manipulate, v.|məˈnɪpjʊleɪt|
[App. a back-formation from manipulation: cf. F. manipuler (a 1814 in B. de St.-Pierre Harmonies), It. manipolare, manipulare ‘to gripe or claspe with the hands; also to reduce into bottles or handfuls, to bundle vp’ (Florio 1611); a med.L. manipulare is given in Henschel's Du Cange, with a single quot., in which it app. means ‘to lead by the hand’.]
1. a. trans. To handle, esp. with dexterity; to manage, work, or treat by manual (and, by extension, any mechanical) means.
1831Carlyle Sart. Res. iii. x, Or else, shut up in private Oratories, [they] meditate and manipulate the substances derived from her [the earth]. 1850― Latter-d. Pamph. ii. (1872) 44 Fraternity..has gone on, till it found itself unexpectedly manipulating guillotines by its chosen Robespierres. 1855H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. (1872) II. vii. iii. 335 The hand has been moulded into fitness for manipulating things. 1862Burton Bk. Hunter (1863) 154 A turner with a piece of wood in his lathe, which he can manipulate to his liking. 1870Echo 11 Nov., The time..when a photograph was admired simply because it was cleverly manipulated. 1876C. M. Davies Unorth. Lond. (ed. 2) 179 He had promised..that he would refrain from manipulating contagious cases.
b. absol. or intr. in Chem. (cf. manipulation 2).
1827Faraday Chem. Manip. Introd. 4 Of two persons having otherwise equal talents..the one who manipulates best will very soon be in advance of the other.
2. To operate upon with the mind or intelligence; to handle or treat (questions, artistic matter, resources, etc.) with skill.
1856Dove Logic Chr. Faith i. ii. 68 Philosophy (as hitherto manipulated) has been an attempt to do [etc.]. 1864Sat. Rev. 31 Dec. 789/2 Nor are the questions..pleasant ones to manipulate. 1864Bowen Logic i. 22 Readily manipulated in thought. 1875Ouseley Harmony iii. 41 This [the third inversion of the added ninth] is perhaps..the easiest to manipulate. 1879Froude Cæsar xiii. 185 Crassus understood nothing beyond the art of manipulating money.
3. a. To manage by dexterous contrivance or influence; esp. to treat unfairly or insidiously for one's own advantage.
1864Carlyle Fredk. Gt. xii. xi. (1872) IV. 260 He had got his Electors manipulated, tickled to his purpose. 1866Totnes Elect. Comm., Min. Evid. (1867) 73 Then who had manipulated Hill senior at the former elections? 1875J. Morison in Expositor I. 358 The hypothesis that the quotation has been..freely manipulated. 1893Chamberlain Sp. Ho. Comm. 10 Apr., It will be possible for firms to manipulate their books. 1894J. Fiske Hist. Amer. 399 Boards of canvassers were appointed for determining the results of disputed elections by manipulating the figures in counting the votes.
b. Finance. To cause (stocks) to rise or fall by affecting the market in other ways than those arising out of ordinary business; to influence (the market) in such ways.
1870J. K. Medbery Men & Mysteries Wall St. 188 The stock..was most admirably manipulated, until it finally touched 152. 1903S. S. Pratt Work of Wall St. 147 A market is rigged when it is manipulated.
4. To stimulate (the genitalia); also refl., to masturbate.
1949O. Schwarz Psychology of Sex ii. 31 The large majority of these children simply manipulate their genitals in a purely playful manner. 1953A. C. Kinsey et al. Sexual Behavior Human Female v. 161 The female may stimulate them [sc. the breasts] with her hand..while she simultaneously manipulates her genitalia. 1965Masters & Johnson in J. Money Sex Research iv. 107 It is a rare woman who directly manipulates the clitoris, or, if she does, maintains this type of stimulative activity for any significant length of time. 1971‘V. X. Scott’ Surrogate Wife 134 At one point he began manipulating himself.
Hence maˈnipulated ppl. a., maˈnipulating vbl. n.
1887Pall Mall G. 3 Jan. 10/1 A Frenchman disposed of upwards of four thousand pounds' worth of manipulated diamonds in this country. 1892Athenæum 4 June 722/1 This manipulating of a language. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VII. 749 This method is believed to produce temporary anæmia of the brain by causing a determination of blood to the manipulated parts. 1903S. S. Pratt Work of Wall St. xi. 147 A deal is the operation resulting from a secret combination or agreement among Wall Street men to effect a certain purpose, generally of a manipulated character in the market.
Add:[2.] b. spec. in Computing. To carry out operations on (data) automatically or with the aid of a machine.
1962Technical Memo (System Development Corp., Calif.) TM-WD-16/007/00. i. 5 It is necessary to define the characteristics of a data base to the Data Base System so that when instructed to manipulate data, the system can recognize the format and positioning of item information in the entries. 1967Proc. 21st Nat. Conf. Assoc. Computing Machinery 465 (heading) META 5: a tool to manipulate strings of data. 1984Which Micro? Dec. 26 (Advt.), There is a..set of commands for..manipulating text. 1990Atlantic Apr. 18/2 To retrieve data from a CD-ROM disk and manipulate it, a user will need a CD-ROM player. |