| 释义 |
‖ maxilla|mækˈsɪlə|
Pl. maxillæ |mækˈsɪliː|.
[L. maxilla jaw.]
1. A jaw or jaw-bone, esp. the upper jaw in mammals and most vertebrate animals. inferior maxilla, superior maxilla, the lower, upper jaw.
1676Wiseman Surg. i. xix. 93 The same Patient complained of a hard Tumour fixed under that Ear and Maxilla. 1727–41Chambers Cycl. s.v., The maxillæ are two in number, denominated from their situation, superior, and inferior. 1797Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) I. 683/1 Of these [bones] six are placed on each side of the maxilla superior. 1846F. Brittan tr. Malgaigne's Man. Oper. Surg. 115 The lower border of the inferior maxilla. Ibid., The inferior posterior border of the maxilla. 1888Rolleston & Jackson Anim. Life 92 The maxilla [sc. of the common perch], which is edentulous,..lies behind and parallel to it [sc. the præmaxilla]. 1893Newton Dict. Birds 539 The word Maxilla is frequently used to express the whole of the upper jaw. 1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. III. 150 A simple superior maxilla is sometimes alone affected by hyperostosis.
2. One of the anterior limbs of insects and other arthropods, so modified as to serve the purpose of mastication. Also attrib.
1798Afzelius in Trans. Linn. Soc. IV. 275, c. the tops of the maxillæ. d. the labium. 1826Kirby & Sp. Entomol. III. 47 Both labium and maxillæ being furnished with jointed moveable organs peculiar to annulose pedate animals. 1852Dana Crust. i. 20 The organ consists of two oblong flat lobes, in some Decapods, somewhat maxilla-like in form. 1896tr. Boas' Text Bk. Zool. 184 The second and third [sc. pairs of mouth-parts in Arthropods] are known respectively as the first and second maxillæ. |