| 释义 |
▪ I. propaganda, n.|prɒpəˈgændə|
[a. It. (Sp., Pg.) propaganda (F. propagande), from the mod.L. title Congregatio de propaganda fide ‘congregation for propagating the faith’: see sense 1.]
1. (More fully, Congregation or College of the Propaganda.) A committee of Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church having the care and oversight of foreign missions, founded in 1622 by Pope Gregory XV.
1718Ozell tr. Tournefort's Voy. Levant II. 237 The Congregation of the Propaganda gives them at present but twenty five Roman Crowns a Man. 1819T. Hope Anastasius (1820) I. ix. 168 An Italian missionary of the Propaganda. 1851Gallenga Italy II. iii. 70 The Propaganda was busy in Paraguay, or Otaheite.
2. Any association, systematic scheme, or concerted movement for the propagation of a particular doctrine or practice.
Sometimes erroneously treated as a plural (= efforts or schemes of propagation) with singular propagandum, app. after memorandum, -da.
1790J. MacPherson Let. 27 Sept. in A. Aspinall Corresp. George, Prince of Wales (1964) II. 98 All Kings have..a new race of Pretenders to contend with, the disciples of the propaganda at Paris or, as they call themselves, Les Ambassadeurs de genre humain. 1797Gentl. Mag. Aug. 687 The Propaganda, a society whose members are bound, by solemn engagements, to stir up subjects against their lawful rulers. 1842Brande Dict. Sci. etc., s.v., Derived from this celebrated society, the name propaganda is applied in modern political language as a term of reproach to secret associations for the spread of opinions and principles which are viewed by most governments with horror and aversion. 1868G. Duff Pol. Surv. 36 Their propaganda represents nothing more than a mere idiosyncrasy. 1879Farrar St. Paul I. 208 It seems unlikely that Saul should at once have been able to substitute a propaganda for an inquisition. 1896Brit. Weekly XXII. 340/2 The opportunity and occasion for a vigorous and effective propaganda.
3. The systematic propagation of information or ideas by an interested party, esp. in a tendentious way in order to encourage or instil a particular attitude or response. Also, the ideas, doctrines, etc., disseminated thus; the vehicle of such propagation.
1908Lilley & Tyrrell tr. Programme of Modernism 102 The Church..soon felt a need of new methods of propaganda and government. 1911G. B. Shaw Blanco Posnet 324 Though we tolerate..the propaganda of Anarchism as a political theory..we clearly cannot..tolerate assassination of rulers on the ground that it is ‘propaganda by deed’ or sociological experiment. 1929G. Seldes You can't print That! 427 The term propaganda has not the sinister meaning in Europe which it has acquired in America... In European business offices the word means advertising or boosting generally. 1938R. G. Collingwood Princ. Art ii. 32 Where a certain practical activity is stimulated as expedient, that which stimulates it is advertisement or (in the current modern sense, not the old sense) propaganda. 1957R. N. C. Hunt Guide to Communist Jargon 132 The Soviet Government not only has an elaborate machinery for conducting such propaganda abroad..but also does the same at home through the press, radio, films etc. 1974Anderson (S. Carolina) Independent 23 Apr. 4a/6 CIA went on employing propaganda fronts long after anybody except professionals on both sides was paying any attention to the propaganda. 1976A. J. Russell Pour Hemlock xiv. 166 White propaganda, the truth; gray, a composition of half-truths and distortions; or black, a pack of lies.
4. attrib. and Comb., as (sense 3) propaganda campaign, propaganda chief, propaganda film, propaganda fund, propaganda leaflet, propaganda meeting, propaganda play, propaganda poster, propaganda raid, propaganda technique, propaganda war, propaganda warfare, propaganda work; propaganda machine, an organization responsible for the dissemination of propaganda.
1937Koestler Spanish Testament vi. 133 One of the most effective propaganda campaigns launched by the rebels was that relating to the alleged shooting of hostages by the Madrid Government. 1974Encycl. Brit. Macropædia XV. 39/2 Today several hundred more or less scholarly books and thousands of articles shed substantial light on the psychology, techniques, and effects of propaganda campaigns, major and minor.
1942Short Guide Gr. Brit. (U.S. War Dept.) 1 The first and major duty Hitler has given his propaganda chiefs is to separate Britain and America. 1950Koestler in God that Failed 27 The absurdity of a propaganda-chief who only reads his own paper.
1973D. May Laughter in Djakarta x. 161 It's a propaganda film..anti-neo-colonialism. 1978Cadogan & Craig Women & Children First x. 224 According to widely shown propaganda films, the most adept German spy was bound to give himself away eventually through mispronunciation.
1842Communist Chronicle & Communitarian Apostle I. v. 77 The propaganda fund shall be devoted to the propagation of the doctrines of communism.
1947F. Frenaye tr. C. Levi's Christ stopped at Eboli (1948) xvii. 162 When their ship came back to Trieste from Odessa, Communist propaganda leaflets were found on board. 1978A. Waugh Best Wine Last xv. 178 The propaganda leaflets that our aeroplanes scattered behind the German lines.
1948Propaganda machine [see machine n. 8]. 1972H. MacInnes Message from Malaga ii. 35 A propaganda machine is only as effective as people are stupid. 1978F. Maclean Take Nine Spies iv. 153 The Russians only responded with counter-blasts from their own propaganda machine.
1899Two Worlds 6 Jan. 7/1 Propaganda meetings will be conducted in the Cowgate-street Club and the Labour Institute.
1905Westm. Gaz. 24 Jan. 3/1 A propaganda play.
1945New Yorker 31 Mar. 52/1 A propaganda poster pasted on the remaining walls. 1979Listener 1 Nov. 604/3 English [war] propaganda posters are bland alongside those of America, Holland or Sweden.
1934Ann. Reg. 1933 i. 181 On July 1 occurred the first of a series of propaganda raids by German aeroplanes over the Austrian frontier, when leaflets abusing the Dollfuss Government were dropped.
1927H. D. Lasswell (title) Propaganda technique in the World War. 1975New Yorker 21 Apr. 133/1 The Communists are taking full advantage of their highly developed propaganda techniques.
1838tr. Recoll. Caulincourt, Duke of Vicenza I. iv. 74 The English Cabinet was well aware that a propaganda war was impossible as long as Russia should continue allied to France. 1854J. S. C. Abbott Napoleon (1855) II. xii. 197 Aware that a propaganda war was impossible as long as Russia should continue allied to France. 1974D. Seaman Bomb that could Lip-Read vi. 49 The I.R.A...are already winning the propaganda war, the one that finally matters. 1979Guardian 22 Feb. 6/1 The [Russian] propaganda war against China continues to intensify.
1942R.A.F. Jrnl. 18 Apr. 31 Propaganda warfare in the field was used.
1898Westm. Gaz. 25 Jan. 5/3 We would rather see our money spent in propaganda work than paying election expenses.
▪ II. propaganda, v.|prɒpəˈgændə|
[f. the n.]
trans. = propagandize v.
1921J. F. Porter Sir Edward Elgar 10 Elgar..never attempted to propaganda his work. 1949H. L. Mencken in Philologica: Malone Anniversary Stud. 317 There is..a desire to get rid of circumlocution and the waste of words, as in..to propaganda, to steam-roller, to belly-ache. |