| 释义 |
reˈplacement
[f. as prec. + -ment.]
1. a. The act or process of replacing in various senses; the fact of being replaced.
a1790Adam Smith W.N. ii. iii, That part of the annual produce destined to the replacement of that capital. 1831T. Hope Ess. Origin Man I. 45 The word eternal seems only..to express..a constant replacement of portions of time already gone by. 1875Whitney Life Lang. x. 212 There is more wearing-out than replacement by synthetic means.
attrib.1896tr. Boas' Text-Bk. Zool. 416 Replacement teeth are formed continuously throughout life. 1898Allbutt's Syst. Med. V. 954 A proliferative fibrosis..as opposed to mere ‘replacement fibrosis’.
b. absol. in Min. The dissolution of one mineral and the simultaneous deposition of another in its place. Freq. attrib.
1906Econ. Geol. I. 839 As a general term synonymous with ‘metasomatism’, ‘replacement’ is preferable to ‘substitution’. 1911Ibid. VI. 534 Replacement ore-bodies are generally associated with fissures..capable of conducting solutions from considerable distances. 1928W. Lindgren Min. Deposits (ed. 3) ii. 27 Metallic ores are often formed by replacement. Ibid. xxviii. 739 The quartz monzonite contains a great number of replacement veins carrying much tourmaline. 1965G. J. Williams Econ. Geol. N.Z. iii. 23/2 The ore-shoots are typical replacement-bodies of quartz, mullock and pug along narrow shears. 1970K. C. Jackson Textbk. Lithol. iv. 196 Crystal growth, particularly where replacement is important, often results in inclusions of unincorporated minerals in the growing crystal. 1972M. H. Battey Mineral. for Students vi. 160/1 Deposition is also influenced by the nature of the country-rocks. The fluids react with these..to produce replacement deposits in the neighbourhood of the vein fissures.
2. Something which or someone who replaces another.
1894Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. L. 383 The hypothesis that the rock is a siliceous replacement of a limestone. 1934H. G. Wells Exper. Autobiogr. I. ii. 62 He..sold little, I think, but jam-pots and preserving jars to the gentlemen's houses round about, and occasional..table glass and replacements. 1944Yank 26 May 3 At the Rapido some replacements couldn't tell the difference between our fire and Jerry's. 1954W. Faulkner Fable 4 The original regiment had been raised in this district... And most of its subsequent replacements had been drawn from this same district. 1973Times 15 Feb. 12/6 There are, however, two significant changes in the list of substitutes (whom rugby officials insist on calling ‘replacements’ to differentiate between them and the fellows used in other sports for tactical reasons without anyone having gone to hospital).
3. attrib. and Comb., as replacement cost, replacement price, replacement thrust; replacement theory (see quot. 1979); replacement therapy, therapy aimed at making up a deficit of a substance normally present in the body.
1928Britain's Industrial Future (Liberal Industr. Inquiry) ii. vi. 67 The capital plant of most..undertakings is relatively small, but the roads are an exception, of which the *replacement cost must exceed {pstlg}1,300,000,000. 1936J. M. Keynes Gen. Theory Employment xi. 135 The price which would just induce a manufacturer newly to produce an additional unit of such assets, i.e. what is sometimes called its replacement cost. 1963Rep. Comm. Inquiry Decimal Curr. xiv. 141 The true ‘replacement cost’ is the present value to the user of the future flow of services he could expect from the old machine were it not prematurely replaced. 1977Time 24 Jan. 44/3 Proponents of replacement-cost accounting argue that the machine should be carried on the books at the price of a new machine.
1974Terminol. Managem. & Financial Accountancy (Inst. Cost & Managem. Accountants) 15 *Replacement price, the price at which material could be purchased, identical to that which is being replaced or revalued.
1957C. W. Churchman et al. Introd. Operations Research xvii. 482 (heading) Relevant costs in *replacement theory considerations. 1969J. Argenti Managem. Techniques 226 (heading) Replacement Theory... Problem... When to replace plant, machinery, etc. 1979Gloss. Terms Work Study (B.S.I.) 12 Replacement theory, a body of mathematical theory connected with the problems of determining the most economical time to replace or repair a piece of equipment.
1962J. H. Burn Drugs, Med. & Man xiii. 138 In *replacement therapy extracts of glands such as the thyroid gland, the pancreas, the parathyroid gland and the adrenal cortex were prepared from the glands of animals and were given to patients whose own glands were deficient. 1977Lancet 14 May 1048/1 A young woman with von Willebrand disease who asked for a termination of pregnancy and tubal ligation had had..only one bleeding episode in her life requiring replacement therapy.
1971I. Butykai tr. Lukovich's Electric Foil Fencing i. 20 Fencers show a definite preference for angular attacks, *replacement thrusts and ripostes. |