| 释义 |
naturalization|ˌnætjʊərəlaɪˈzeɪʃən|
[f. naturalize v. + -ation; cf. F. naturalisation.]
1. The action of admitting an alien to the position and privileges of a native-born subject or citizen; the fact of being so admitted.
1578Reg. Privy Council Scot. II. 693 All respettis, remissionis, tutoreis datives and naturalizationis. 1603R. Johnson Kingd. & Commw. 190 Certaine Iesuits..obtayning the fauour of certaine gouernors, obtained a priuiledge of naturalization. 1622Malynes Anc. Law-Merch. 442 Those of Flanders..are not bound to take Letters of Naturalization to dwell in this Kingdome. a1676Hale Prim. Orig. Man. ii. x. (1677) 234 Many Scotch..either by Naturalizations or Transmigrations have increased the Inhabitants of this Island. 1709Steele Tatler No. 13 ⁋4 Our late act of naturalization hath had so great an effect in foreign parts [etc.]. 1769Junius Lett. iv. (1788) 52 Such depopulation can only be repaired..by some sensible bill of naturalization. a1832Mackintosh Rev. 1688, Wks. 1846 II. 49 They resumed the consideration of a bill for the naturalisation of French Protestants. 1867Smiles Huguenots Eng. xviii, (1880) 319 They claimed and obtained letters of naturalisation.
fig.1795Mason Ch. Mus. ii. 120 Our English Cathedral Music has gained..much from this naturalisation, as it may be called, of Italian Masters.
b. attrib.
1711Swift Examiner No. 44 Enemies, taking Advantage of the general Naturalization Act, had invited over..Foreigners of all Religions. 1747Gentl. Mag. 232/2 Tho' the naturalization bill was drop'd, no other was brought in to answer the same good purposes. 1833Penny Cycl. I. 339/1 The most effectual method of naturalizing an alien is by Act of Parliament, called a Naturalization Bill. 1874Bancroft Footpr. Time xix. 609 A naturalization law was organized.
2. a. The admission or adoption of foreign words, beliefs, arts, practices, etc. into general use or favour.
1747Johnson Plan Dict. Wks. 1787 IX. 169 This naturalization is produced..by admission into common speech, in some metaphorical signification. 1843Proc. Philol. Soc. I. 125 They are also accompanied by many compounds and derivatives, which is commonly regarded as a proof of long naturalization. 1876L. Stephen Eng. Th. 18th C. I. ii. 33 The Cartesian philosophy failed to find complete naturalization. 1878Lecky Eng. 18th C. I. iv. 538 The naturalisation of the opera in England.
b. The introduction of plants or animals to places where they are not indigenous, but thrive freely under ordinary conditions.
1859Darwin Orig. Spec. iv. (1873) 89 The naturalisation of plants through man's agency in foreign lands. 1870W. Robinson (title) The Wild Garden, or Our Groves and Shrubberies made beautiful by the Naturalization of Hardy Exotic Plants. 1895Oracle Encycl. I. 528/1 [He] laboured successfully for the naturalisation of British salmon in Colonial waters.
3. The action of making natural.
1897Fairbairn Catholicism (1899) 423 He did not describe the process with Harnack as the Secularization of the Church, or with Sohm as its Naturalization. |