| 释义 |
‖ nuée ardente Geol.|nɥe ardɑ̃t|
Pl. nuées ardentes.
[Fr., lit. ‘burning cloud’.
Introduced by A. Lacroix 1903, in Compt. Rend. CXXXVI. 874. In La Montagne Pelée et ses Eruptions (1904) 170 Lacroix says that he has since realised that the expression had earlier been used by the inhabitants of San Jorge in the Azores. He also says that by ardent he implies brulant ‘burning’ rather than incandescent ‘glowing’. However the expression nuée ardente is usually rendered into English as ‘glowing cloud’ rather than ‘burning cloud’.]
A hot, dense cloud of ash and fragmented lava suspended in a mass of gas, which typically is ejected laterally from the side of the dome of certain volcanoes (as Mount Pelée) and flows downhill at great speed like an avalanche. Also ellipt. nuée.
1904A. Heilprin Tower of Pelée iv. 47 Professor Lacroix..refers to a number of discharges of the nuée ardente breaking out laterally from the base of the obelisk surmounting the crater-cone. 1912Amer. Jrnl. Sci. CLXXXIV. 413 The highly viscous lavas of andesitic and trachytic nature might explode subaërially..into gas and divided solid material, causing such effects as the ‘Nuées Ardentes’ of Mt. Pelée. 1935Publ. Carnegie Inst. Washington No. 458. 85 They witnessed the series of three rapidly succeeding nuées of July 9, 1902. Ibid. 89 The ejections followed one another at such brief intervals as to form an unbroken procession of nuées ardentes. 1966Earth-Sci. Rev. I. 158 Large acid sheets might have a nuée origin. 1969Nature 29 Nov. 864/1 Natural terrestrial examples of fluidized systems include certain quicksands..and the volcanic eruptions known as nuées ardentes. 1969Bennison & Wright Geol. Hist. Brit. Isles v. 94 The ignimbrites..are the product of nuées ardentes—the fiery cloud of lava and gas which occurs when lavas are silica rich and viscous. 1972G. A. Macdonald Volcanoes viii. 146 The cloud was the conspicuous feature and led Lacroix to give the name ‘nuée ardente’ (glowing cloud)... The name ‘glowing cloud’ seems, therefore, to give too much emphasis to a relatively minor feature, and many volcanologists today prefer to call the phenomenon a glowing avalanche. |