| 释义 |
olefin Chem.|ˈəʊlɪfɪn|
Also formerly olefine.
[f. olefiant with ending -in1, -ine5.
The spelling olefin is now generally used in accordance with the practice of reserving -ine5 for the naming of basic substances and heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen.]
The general name for the series of hydrocarbons homologous with olefiant gas or ethylene, having the general formula CnH2n; forming with chlorine and bromine oily dichlorides and dibromides analogous to Dutch liquid (see prec.). Also attrib., as olefin series.
1860F. Guthrie in Jrnl. Chem. Soc. [I] XII. 109 The isolation of the so-called organic radicals, the hydrides of the olefines. 1866Roscoe Elem. Chem. 297 The higher carbon series yield olefines corresponding to ethylene. 1873Watts Fownes' Chem. (ed. 11) 552 Olefines are polymeric. 1879Schorlemmer Rise & Devel. Organ. Chem. (1894), The second series we call, with Guthrie, the Olefines, after the initial member which was first known as olefiant gas. 1899E. F. Smith Richter's Organ. Chem. I. 89 CnH2n: Olefines, Alkylens, Alkenes. 1923T. G. Phillips Fundamentals Org. & Biol. Chem. ix. 131 Similar series [of compounds] may be derived from the olefin hydrocarbons. 1949R. F. Goldstein Petroleum Chemicals Industry vi. 124 The higher olefins are present in all fractions of the petrol range of thermally and catalytically cracked oils. 1968R. O. C. Norman Princ. Org. Synthesis viii. 262 This discussion indicates the difficulties necessarily present in effecting the dimerization of an olefin.
Hence oleˈfinic a., of, having the nature of, or characteristic of an olefin; applied spec. to a double bond between two carbon atoms such as is characteristic of olefins (cf. ethylenic a.).
1898J. Wade Introd. Study Org. Chem. lvi. 344 On gentle oxidation it [sc. linaloöl] yields an olefinic ketone. 1923Daily Mail 15 Feb. 3 Those olefinic and empyreumatic substances which result from the distillation of coal or oil. 1968R. O. C. Norman Princ. Org. Synthesis vii. 248 Although carbanions..do not react with simple olefins, they do so if the olefinic double bond is conjugated to a group of —M type. 1974Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. XCVI. 7934 (heading) Stereochemistry of olefinic cyclization.
Add:b. A man-made fibre made from or consisting of a polyolefin, as polyethylene or polypropylene.
1960Mod. Textiles Mag. Sept. 58 Olefin, a manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is any long chain synthetic polymer composed of at least 85{pcnt} by weight of ethylene, propylene, or other olefin units. 1975C. Calasibetta et al. Fairchild's Dict. Fashion 368/1 Olefin, generic term for a man-made fiber made from petroleum by-products, used for women's knitted underwear and hosiery. 1985Cincinnati Enquirer 18 Oct. a10/2 Choose from Queen Anne style and swivel rockers in shrimp, blue or beige..olefin velvet. 1987N.Y. Times 2 July a10 (Advt.), Heavy olefin pile in natural colors in a chic Berber. |