| 释义 |
▪ I. own, a.|əʊn|
Forms: α. 1 áᵹen (-an), ǽᵹen; 2–3 aȝen, æȝen, 3 ahen, aȝwen (aȝein, haȝen, ahȝen, aȝhen, Orm. -enn; inflected aȝne, ahne); 3–5 awen, (4 auuen, ane, hawne, 4–5 aghen, aughen, awenn(e, aune), 4– north. Eng. and Sc. awn, (4–6 auin, 4–7 auen, aun, 5 avne, auwen, awyn, -e, 5–7 awne, 5–8 awin, 6 awine); 8– Sc. ain. β. 2–4 oȝen, (3 hoȝen), 3–6 (7) owen, (3 howen, owin, 3–4 owun, 3–6 oune, 4 ouen, owhen, oghne, on, 5 owyn(e, 6 howyn), 4–7 owne, (5 oughne, oun, oon, honne, 6–7 one), 7– own. γ. 3 aȝe, (æȝe, æhȝe, ahȝe), 3–5 awe. δ. 2–4 oȝe, 3–6 owe, (3 howe). ε. 5 nawen, nowun, noun, 5–7 nowne, 6–8 (dial.) nown, 8–9 dial. nawn, nain.
[OE. ǽᵹen, áᵹen = OFris. êgen, eigen, ein, ain, OS. êgan (MLG. êgen, MDu. êghin, eighen, Du. eigen), OHG. eigan (MHG., Ger. eigen), ON. eiginn (Sw., Da. egen); adj. use of áᵹen (ǽᵹen), Goth. aigan:—OTeut., *aigano-, *aigino-, pa. pple. of aigan to possess, OE. áᵹan, owe v. The primary sense was thus ‘possessed, owned’: cf. Goth. aigin n. ‘property’. The Early ME. âȝen, besides yielding the north. awen, awn, midl. and south. owen, own, was shortened a 1200 (chiefly in the south) to âȝe, ôȝe (parallel to the southern pa. pples. in which -n was dropped), giving later awe, owe, which last survived to the 16th c. Inflected forms both of the full and apocopate types, repr. OE. áᵹnes, áᵹenre, áᵹnum, áᵹenne, were used in early ME., and owne as definite form still in Chaucer; owne as a traditional spelling came down to early 17th c. The erroneous division of min own as my nown led also to his nown, her nown, still occasional in dialect use, esp. in north. form nain, etc.]
That is possessed or owned by the person or thing indicated by the preceding n. or pron.; of or belonging to oneself, or itself; proper, peculiar, particular, individual.
1. a. Used after a possessive case of adj., to emphasize the possessive meaning. (The usual construction.)
In his, her, its, their own, the pronoun is usually (but not always) reflexive.
αa900tr. Bæda's Hist. iii. xii. [xiv.] (1890) 192 His aᵹen sunu Alhfrið & æðelwald his broðor sunu, se ær him riice hæfde. a1000Cædmon's Satan 10 Godes aᵹen bearn. c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxv. 15 Aihwilce be his aᵹene mæᵹene. c1175Lamb. Hom. 109 Þurh his ahȝene ehte. a1200Moral Ode 161 We sculen alre monne lif iknauwen..alse ure ahen. c1200Vices & Virtues 9 Godes aȝwene name. c1200Ormin 6899 He wollde ȝifenn all Hiss aȝhenn sune hiss riche. c1205Lay. 66 For his awene [c1275 owene] saule. Ibid. 253 His ahne [c1275 owene] sune seoþen hine sceat to deaþe. Ibid. 18133 Þin æȝen. a1250Owl & Night. 1284 Thu fallest mid thine ahene Iwenge. 13..Cursor M. 462 (Cott.) Al sal be at myn auen [G. aun, F. awen, T. owne] weild. Ibid. 1116 Þat murþered sua [h]is ane [G. aun, F. awen] ymage. Ibid. 1214 Þat caym his aghen [G. aun] broþer slogh. Ibid. 12371 Efter his aun [G. auuen [pr. aunen], F. awen, T. owne] ymage. Ibid. 17288 + 413 Als it was his aughen wille. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xxxvi. (Baptista) 336 His hawne bruthir. a1400Sir Perc. 320 To wete his awenne [wille]. c1400Destr. Troy 9847 The laike is your avne. c1440York Myst. xxx. 226 He wende þis worlde had bene haly his awne. c1450Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 105, I am þe warke of þin aghen hende. 1462Finchale Priory (Surtees) 95 With his auwen stuff and upon his auwen costez. 1486Bk. St. Albans D ij b, Looke if the hawke can espie it by hir awyn corage. 1526Tindale 1 Cor. xi. 21 His awne Supper. 1609Skene Reg. Maj. ii. 172 The trespassour convict, and condemned to the death, at his awin hand. c1620A. Hume Brit. Tongue (1865) 11 If Roben Hud wer nou leving, he wer not able to buu his aun bou, or to bou his aun boau. a1657J. Balfour Ann. Scot. (1824–5) II. 17 Thesse are the Lord Chancelers auen words to his Maiestie. 1816Scott Old Mort. v, If ye be of our ain folk, gangna up the pass the night.
βa1175Cott. Hom. 235 Maȝie wiman forȝeten his oȝe cild, þat hi ne milsi hire barn of hire oȝen innoð? c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 173 Here owen sinnes. Ibid. 189 Mid his oȝene deaðe. a1240Ureisun in Cott. Hom. 197 Ich am..ðin owune hine. a1300Sarmun liv. in E.E.P. (1862) 7 A man sal know is owin frend. 1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 872 Þe satyrday may here ounë be. c1315Shoreham 52 Tafonge Þer-inne godes oȝen flesch. 1362Langl. P. Pl. A. x. 75 Þe wit is his oune. c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 328 Bi here owene dom. c1386Chaucer Pars. T. ⁋131 Who so hateth his owene [v. rr. owen, oughne] soul. 1405Rolls of Parlt. III. 605/2 As hyt were don and accorded be our self in our owne propre persone. c1425Seven Sag. (P.) 2144 And love hyre as hys ouen lyfe. 1559Mirr. Mag., Jack Cade v, The shame our owne, when so we shame her. 1603H. Petowe in Farr S.P. Jas. I (1848) 108 Seal'd by Truthe's one hand. 1618Bolton Florus iv. iv. 296 At that time hee did nobly with his own hand. 1637Decree of Star Chamb. §8 Thereon Print and set his and their owne name or names. 1764Goldsm. Trav. 30 And find no spot of all the world my own. 1841Thackeray Gt. Hoggarty Diam. (1849) viii. 91, I would not have taken the lord mayor's own daughter in place of Mary with a plum for her fortune. 1885Law Times LXXX. 10/1 The ripe thoughts of such a writer have a value all their own. 1895Bookman Oct. 23/1 To the reader who loves history for its own sake. 1896M. Field Attila iv. 104, I saw him dead With my own eyes. 1931M. Allingham Police at Funeral xiv. 200, I wonder if you would tell me in your own words how you came to have such a wound? 1962L. Deighton Ipcress File 7 ‘Just tell me the whole story in your own words, old chap...’ I was wondering whose words he thought I might have used.
γc1205Lay. 308 Þe fader heo bi-eode; to his aȝre unneode. Ibid. 4565 He þoðte heo to habben; to his awere bihoue. Ibid. 22099 Piram, þu ært min aȝe preost. c1330Arth. & Merl. 2672 Ac to the quen be nought biknawe That that child be thine awe. c1440York Myst. x. 240 To se myn nawe dere childe.
δc1175Oȝe [see β]. a1250Prov. ælfred 85 in O.E. Misc. 106 Eueruyches monnes dom to his owere [v.r. oȝe] dure churreþ. c1250Kent. Serm. ibid. 30 Ase godes oghe mudh hit seid. c1275Lay. 8238 And in to Kent wende; to his owe castle. a1300K. Horn 669, I schal me make þinowe. 1340Ayenb. 17 Prede is þe dyeules oȝe doȝter. a1450Cov. Myst. (1841) 28 O tre I kept for my owe. 1586Whetstone Eng. Mirror 69 He was..come thither for..his owe and the name of the Genowaines honour.
εc1420Sir Amadace (Camden) lviii, Is he comun,..my nowun true fere? 1444in Paston Lett. I. 50 The matier that is cause of your noun comyng hedir. 1512Will Tho. Jenyns (Somerset Ho.), Scribile wt my nowne hande. a1652Brome New Acad. i. i, His nowne natural brother. 1721Amherst Terræ Fil. No. 8 (1754) 38 Twenty chose rather to be fondled up, and Call'd mother's nown boys. 1828Scott F.M. Perth xxxiii, If her nainsell be hammer-man hersell, her nainsell may make her nain harness.
b. Expressing tenderness or affection; also rarely in superl. = very own.
c1386Chaucer Friar's T. 269 Heere may ye se, myn owene deere brother. c1430Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy) 110 My nawen hony swett. c1530Redforde Play Wit & Sc. (1848) 38, I wylbe bolde wyth my nowne darlyng! Cum now, a bas, my nowne proper sparlyng! 1598Shakes. Merry W. ii. i. 15 By me, thine owne true Knight. 1691Shadwell Scowrers i. i, Some wise lecture from nown daddy. 1855Tennyson Maud i. xviii. 74 My own heart's heart and ownest own, farewell. 1907G. B. Shaw Major Barbara i. 253 Lomax: How is my ownest today? Ibid. 272 My ownest, there is no danger. 1922Joyce Ulysses 352 Then mayhap he would embrace her gently..and love her, his ownest girlie, for herself alone. 1939G. B. Shaw Geneva iii. 53 My ownest and bestest, you are a Dame of the British Empire.
c. Phr. to be one's own man (or woman): to be master of oneself; to be independent; to have the full control or use of one's faculties. Phr. to do one's own thing: see thing n.1
c1374Chaucer Troylus ii. 750, I am myn owene woman wel at ese. 1390Gower Conf. II. 349 If I be noght myn oghne man And dar noght usen that I can. 1598B. Jonson Ev. Man in Hum. iv. vi, A tall man is never his own man till he be angry. 1610Shakes. Temp. v. i. 213 Prospero [found] his Dukedome In a poore Isle: and all of vs, our selues, When no man was his owne. 1664Cotton Scarron. iv, For though full light, when her own woman, Yet, in this heavy Dump, was no Man Could raise her up. 1685Lovell Gen. Hist. Relig. 135 They are wholly their own Men, having no spiritual Exercise in Common for the service of their Neighbour. 1773Goldsm. Stoops to Conq. v, So, Constance Neville may marry whom she pleases, and Tony Lumpkin is his own man again. 1966J. Potts Footsteps on Stairs (1967) i. 14 This final encounter with Vic was a necessary part of the ritual of release. With it behind her,..she was once more her own woman. 1969Guardian 17 Feb. 2/7 He freely admitted that he had learned something from all the early masters... But..he was determined to be his own man. 1972P. Dickinson Lizard in Cup xi. 164 His own personal desire..to be his own man, to act and conquer outside Caesar's provinces. 1974Times 2 Nov. 4/8 Mr Brown insists he is not a liberal... In truth, Mr Brown is his own man. 1975D. Bagley Snow Tiger xvi. 138 There'll be no strings. I'm my own woman, I am.
d. own in the predicate sometimes has the force of self in the subject, as in ‘I am my own master’ = ‘I myself (and no other) am my master’; where ‘my own master’ is not opposed to ‘some one else's master’, but ‘I’ to ‘some one else’.
1551in Tytler Edw. VI (1839) II. 44 If they would keep their own counsel, he, for his part, would never confess any thing to die for it. a1631Donne Poems (1650) 57 Not that I shall be mine owne officer. 1692Prior Ode Imit. Hor. iii. ii. 146 Virtue is her own reward. 1767T. Mawe (title) Every Man his own Gardener. 1800Windham Sp. Parl. 18 Apr., Gentlemen, who in the game-season,..become their own butchers and poulterers. 1848tr. Hoffmeister's Trav. Ceylon & India, Cherishing it into a small fire, we boiled our own chocolate, the cook being ill. 1974G. Butler Coffin for Canary ii. 47 If we were every man his own Hitchcock, we wouldn't need to go and see the films.
2. a. Without possessive preceding. Now rare, and usually with an or in pl., esp. in reference to relationship (e.g. an own brother, as distinguished from a half-brother or brother-in-law, or one who is only figuratively a brother; own cousins, first cousins). † oune hyne: see hoghenhine.
a1000Hymns vii. 66 (Gr.) Þu ᵹeæðelodest þe ealle ᵹe⁓sceafta, and..sealdest ælcre ᵹecynde aᵹene wisan. a1000Boeth. Metr. xx. 14 Þu þe unstilla aᵹna ᵹesceafta To þinum willan wislice astyrest. c1000ælfric Hom. I. 112 God..forᵹeaf him aᵹenne cyre. a1175Cott. Hom. 221 God..let ham habba aȝenne cire. 1292Britton i. xiii. §1 La premere nuyt..cum uncouth, le autre nuyt geste, et la terce nuyt oune hyne. 1340Ayenb. 109 Zuo þet he ne heþ ne oȝene wyt ne oȝene wyl. c1375Cursor M. 18708 (F.) Fra þen walde ihesus wiþ opin dede Conferme his trauþ til awin sede. 1546J. Heywood Prov. (1867) 53 Alwaie owne is owne, at the recknyngis eend. 1632Womens Rights 196 The owne pen of so great a lawyer. 1671Autobiog. C'tess Warwick (Percy Soc.) 2 My lady Claytone,{ddd}grew to make so much of me as if she had been an own mother to me. 1690S. Sewall Diary 21 Nov. (1878) I. 335 Mr. Laurence, Capt. Davis's Son-in-Law, is buried this day; so that Five own Sisters are now Widows. 1737Whiston Josephus, Hist. vi. iii. §4 This horrid action of eating an own child. 1862Merivale Rom. Emp. (1865) III. xxvii. 248 Octavia was own sister to Octavius. 1875Whitney Life Lang. ii. 14 He does not see why each should not have an own name. 1895Oliver tr. Kerner's Nat. Hist. Plants II. 406 We may now proceed to discuss..the prepotency of foreign pollen over own pollen..; ‘own’ pollen..is applied to such as has originated in one of the anthers of the same flower.
†b. the own was used, 14th to 17th c., in the sense of ‘its own’ (instead of his own, its own).
1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 3133 Als it may be with þe awen body. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 268 b, The soule..hath suche aboundaunce of ioye, whan it seeth the owne saluacion. 1578Ps. lxxvii. in Scot. Poems 16th C. II. 110 As water that fast rinnes ouer a lin, Dois nat returne againe to the awin place. 1601Holland Pliny II. 71 As for Orach there is a wild kind of it, growing of the owne accord. 1643Trapp Comm. Gen. i. 4 If ye would pronounce it according to the own letters.
c. own goal: a goal (see goal n. 3) scored against one's own side. Also fig. (see quots.).
1947Sporting Mirror 7 Nov. 10/3 Huddersfield were extremely unlucky to go under by an own-goal score to Charlton. 1952Times 27 Dec. 8/1 Yesterday the Albion, with the help of two ‘own goals’, won a great game. 1962Punch 11 Apr. 569/4 Mal holds the record for equalising own-goals. 1976Guardian 11 Aug. 10/8 Two youngsters of Provisional IRA blown up by premature explosion of own bomb while crossing peace line{ddd}described as own goals by smiling Army press officers. 1976Norwich Mercury 10 Dec. 8/6 With no one taking control J. Purling eventually left M. Warman stranded with a back header that lopped just under the crossbar for an own-goal. 1977Observer (Colour Suppl.) 2 Jan. 12/2 The two men who had blown themselves up—‘own goals’ in the army's gruesome parlance. 1978Guardian 30 Nov. 1/6 The Parliamentary scene was set last week for one of those gentlemanly arrangements which allows the opposition to have its say without actually scuppering the Government. Unfortunately, the Government scored an own goal.
3. absol. (mostly with preceding possessive): That which is (one's) own; property, possessions; (one's) own goods, kinsfolk, friends, or whatever is implied by the context. Somewhat arch. (exc. in some phrases).
(Sometimes erroneously classed as a n.; it is really the adj., invariable in plural.)
c950Lindisf. Gosp. John i. 11 In aᵹan cuom. a1035Cnut's Secular Laws c. 24 (Schmid) Aᵹife man þam aᵹen⁓friᵹean his aᵹen. 12..Moral Ode (Egerton MS.) 263 And of his owen nolde ȝiuen. a1300Cursor M. 8168 Sir, wel⁓cum to þin aun. Ibid. 14342, I haf tan flexs emang mine aun, And þof i am noght wit þam knaun. 13..Seuyn Sag. (W.) 1610 To do bi me as bi thin awe. 1340Ayenb. 21 Huanne he deþ to moche despense, oþer of his oȝen: oþer of oþre manne. 1467–8Rolls of Parlt. V. 572/1 Y purpose to lyve uppon my nowne, and not to charge my Subgettes. c1520King & Barker 115 in Hazl. E.P.P. I. 9 Tho the barker had hes howyn, theyrof he was fayne. 1534Tindale John i. 11 He cam amonge his awne and his awne receaved him not. 1611Shakes. Wint. T. v. iii. 123 Tell me (mine owne) Where hast thou bin preseru'd? 1839J. Yeowell Anc. Brit. Ch. ix. (1847) 92 He gave freely of his own. 1854Thackeray Newcomes I. xxiv. 233 Her teeth [were] as regular and bright as Lady Kew's own. 1869Tennyson Holy Grail 47 The cup..from which our Lord Drank at the last sad supper with his own.
b. of (one's) own (also † of the own): that is one's own; belonging to oneself. (Cf. of 44.)
13..Coer de L. 4475 Ilke lord his baner gan upliffte, Off kynde armys off hys owen. 1490Caxton Eneydos xxiii. 86 With alle his habilimentes and other thinges, his of owne. 1568Grafton Chron. I. 84 The Scots..had no money of their awne. 1610Holland Camden's Brit. (1637) 138 Euery Kingdome..had a speciall name of the owne by it selfe. 1743Bulkeley & Cummins Voy. S.-Seas 102 Two Swords of the Captain's own. 1800H. Wells West Indian I. 302 A cousin of her own. a1904Mod. A great friend of my own.
c. Special phrases. to hold († maintain) one's own: to maintain one's position or standing against opposition or rivalry; not to suffer defeat or derogation. † to tell one his own: to tell him the plain truth about himself; to give him the reproof he deserves (obs.). on one's own: on one's own account, responsibility, resources, etc.; by oneself. to call (a thing) one's own: cf. call v. 17 d. to come into one's own: to get possession of one's rightful property; to be properly esteemed. to get one's own back: see get v. 62 b (quots. 1910–22).
c1350Will. Pal. 3642 His men miȝt nouȝt meyntene her owne. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 98 Be neuer ouer⁓come in ony mater, but holde thyne owne. 1601Holland Pliny I. 482 There is not a better Reed growing for to make shafts,..it will hold the owne and stand in the weather. 1613–1857 To call a thing one's own [s.v. call v. 17 d]. 1679Hist. Jetzer 17 He gave them a round rattle, and spared none of his course Eloquence to tell them their own. 1721Amherst Terræ Fil. No. 1 (1754) 2 The famous saturnalian feasts..when every scullion and skipkennel had liberty to tell his master his own, as the British mobility emphatically stile it. 1846Young Naut. Dict. 151 A vessel is said to ‘hold her own’ when she makes no progress, but yet does not lose ground. 1895Westm. Gaz. 4 Dec. 3/3 One can greet the play ‘on its own’, to borrow a popular phrase. 1900Law Notes Dec. 355/2 The Times..appear to have inserted the notice on their own. 1902J. Milne Epistles of Atkins iv. 63 His one thought how to ‘get his own back’. 1912T. Dreiser Financier vii. 71 The ready-made shoe— machine-made to a certain extent—was just coming into its own. 1917A. G. Empey Over Top 302 On your own, another famous or infamous phrase which means Tommy is allowed to do as he pleases. An officer generally puts Tommy ‘on his own’ when he gets Tommy into a dangerous position and sees no way to extricate him. 1925D. H. Lawrence Phoenix II (1968) 482 At night, when the silence of the moon, and the stars, and the spaces between the stars, is the silence of me too, then I am come into my own by night. 1929― Ibid. 580 For what does goodness mean? It means, in the end, being like everybody else, and not having a soul to call your own. 1930A. Huxley Let. 18 Oct. (1969) 343 I've really had very little time to call my own. 1931Week-End Rev. 24 Oct. 515/1 It looks as if the music of Jean Sibelius were at last coming into its own this winter. 1936Discovery July 222 Electrical instruments will not come into their own until a large repertory of music has been composed specially for them. 1946R. Allen Home Made Banners x. 115 But in these last moments each of them was on his own. 1969Listener 24 July 109/1 At this point, alas, the Art Nouveau comes into its own. 1976National Observer (U.S.) 18 Dec. 1/1 ‘Nixon spurred interest in this type of prosecution, but since he left we're more or less on our own,’ says a lawyer who works part time on obscenity matters.
4. Comb.
a. with nouns, as own brand, a class of goods marked with the name of the retailer instead of the manufacturer; also attrib.; own category Psychol., a type of attitude test in which the subject is asked to select suitable categories into which to grade controversial statements and thereby reveals his own emotional involvement; also attrib.; ˈown-form attrib. (see quot.); own-label attrib., of merchandise marked with a label showing the name of the retailer instead of the manufacturer; occas. (without hyphen) in non-attrib. position; ˈown-ˈwill, self-will; own-root, growing from its own root;
b. with pa. pples., forming adjs., as ˈown-born, born one's own, indigenous; own-grown, grown by oneself; own-invented, invented by oneself; own-looking, looking or seeming one's own, resembling oneself; own-named, having one's own name, named after oneself; own-rooted a. = own-root.
1849Rock Ch. of Fathers I. i. 13 Every..hamlet had its *own-born patron saint.
1970Times 5 Feb. (Pedigree Dogs Suppl.) p. iii/6 A range of 23, some of which were ‘*own brands’. 1970Times 16 Feb. (Food in Britain Suppl.) p. ix (heading) Own brands are money-savers. Ibid., The principles of own-brand groceries date back to the turn of the century when stores such as Lipton and Home & Colonial did much of their own packaging.
[1953Sherif & Hovland in Jrnl. Abnormal Psychol. XLVIII. 135/2 Ultimately it may provide a means of utilizing the individual's own categorization of statements as a behavioral index of his stand on an issue.] 1961― & ― Social Judgment v. 118 (heading) Judgment of items with individual choice of categories—‘*own’ categories. Ibid. 126 If future investigations bear out the promise of our results, it may prove feasible to order the stands of individuals on a controversial social issue through their placement of relevant items within their ‘own’ categories. 1970Jrnl. Gen. Psychol. LXXXII. 147 The basic task for the Ss was that frequently used in cognitive complexity research, the free-sorting or own-categories technique. 1972Jrnl. Social Psychol. LXXXVIII. 84 In the present study, the Q-sort variant known as the own-categories technique was used to investigate some effects of redundancy and congruence on judgement scales. 1973N. Lemon Attitudes & their Measurement vii. 199 The development of the own categories procedure as a method of measuring involvement.
1877Darwin Forms of Fl. i. 24 The fertilisation..of either form with its *own-form pollen [may be called] an illegitimate union.
1591Sylvester Du Bartas i. iii. 1148 He is warm wrapped in his *owne-grow'n Wooll.
1642J. Eaton Honey-c. Free Justif. 242 His *owne-invented signe of washing by water of Baptisme.
1961Economist 11 Mar. 983/2 In the grocery and provisions trade, the larger multiples were almost all engaged in some food manufacture between the wars, supplemented by agreements for ‘*own-label’ products from other manufacturers. 1969Times 13 Mar. 23/3 Tesco and Woolworths have withdrawn supplies of ‘Tuf’ shoes and launched ‘own label’ brands. 1972Sunday Times 31 Dec. 63/3 Lyons is particularly a supplier of supermarket own-label items and catering foods. 1975Times 16 May 8/3 ‘Own label’..is the trade term for shops that sell groceries made by well-known companies but with the name of the shop, not of the maker, prominent on the packet. 1977Daily Tel. 14 Jan. 1/6 Sainsbury's said most of its London shops were without supplies of its own-label bread, which it was still selling at 17p, but had normal supplies of proprietary loaves selling at 19p.
1647H. More Song of Soul i. i. xlii, Th' *own-litter-loving Ape, the Worm, and Snail.
a1814Love, Honor & Interest iii. iii. in New Brit. Theatre III. 283 Your *own looking child—The very mind and picture of yourself.
1612Drayton Poly-olb. ii, By this her *own-named town the wand'ring Froom had past.
1881Gard. Chron. XVI. 851 When Roses are properly budded and properly planted they strike out from the point of union, and become *own-root Roses.
1915M. E. King Gothic Ruin & Reconstruction 12 Let the renascent art blunder at first, as it must if it be *own-rooted and not parasitic.
1625Bp. R. Montagu App. Caesar 68 Thus hee fell to transgresse through his wicked *owne-will. 1893J. Pulsford Loyalty to Christ II. 297 For the crucifying and dying out of every vestige of own-will.
▪ II. own, v.|əʊn|
Forms: α. 1 áᵹnian, áhnian, 3 ahnien, (Orm.) ahnenn, (pa. tense ahnede, æȝenede). β. 3 ohni, (pa. tense ohnede, hoþȝenede, hoþnode (þ for ƿ = w), 4 gerund oȝninge), 7 owne, 6– own.
[OE. áᵹnian, f. áᵹen own a.: so OHG. eiginen (MHG. eigenen, Ger. eignen), MDu. eechenen, ON. eigna (Sw. egna, Da. egne).
Used in OE. and early ME. in senses 1 and 2; but after this scarcely found till the 17th c. The derivatives owner and owning are however found in the interim in sense 2. It seems as if the verb itself went out of use before 1300, but was restored from the derivative owner, when owe in its original sense of ‘possess’ was becoming obsolescent. Senses 3–6 are all of the later date.]
†1. trans. To make (a thing) one's own, appropriate, take possession of; to seize, win, gain; to adopt as one's own. Obs.
c888K. ælfred Boeth. xiv. §1 Hu miht þu þon þe aᵹnian heora god? c950Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. v. 4 Eadᵹe biðon ða milde forðon ða aᵹneᵹað eorðo. c1200Ormin 5649 Þiss seollþe all heoffness ærdess land Þe winnenn shall & ahnenn. c1205Lay. 4091 Al Logres þat lond He æȝenede [c 1275 hoþnode] to his æȝere hond. Ibid. 11864 He anan sone Ahnede [c 1275 ohnede] him al Rome. c1275Ibid. 2483 Gwendoleine hafde þe ouere hond And hoþȝenede hire al þis lond.
2. a. To have or hold as one's own, have belonging to one, be the proprietor of, possess.
a1000Riddles lxxxviii. 10 Ðone gleawstol broðor min aᵹnode. c1205Lay. 1932 Nu wes al þis lond iahned a Brutus hond. 1340[see owner].
1607Shakes. Cor. i. viii. 3 Not Affricke ownes a Serpent I abhorre More then thy Fame and Enuy. 1662Pepys Diary 20 May, It is not so well done as when Roxalana was there, who, it is said, is now owned by my Lord of Oxford. 1781Cowper Retirement 579 The estate his sires had owned in ancient years. 1858Sears Athan. ii. ii. 185 Gardens owned by the wealthier residents of the city. 1890Spectator 19 July 77/2 Their [U.S. millionaires'] practice of ‘owning’, that is, controlling, both the professional politicians and the press.
†b. To have as one's function or business. Obs.
1611Shakes. Wint. T. iv. iv. 143, I wish..that you might euer do Nothing but that: moue still, still so: And owne no other Function. 1712–14Pope Rape Lock ii. 89 Of these the chief the care of Nations own, And guard with Arms divine the British Throne.
c. Of hounds: to show recognition of (the scent of the quarry).
1781P. Beckford Thoughts on Hunting xx. 255 Foxes will run the roads at..times, and hounds cannot always own the scent. 1838T. Smith Extracts Diary of Huntsman v. 126 Owning a scent, when hounds throw their tongues on the scent. 1893W. C. A. Blew Radcliffe's Noble Sci. Fox-Hunting ix. 161 A couple or two, or a single hound, may have come across and struck upon the scent of a fox which has shifted, unseen, across a ride. The scent in the stuff is too stale for them freely to own. 1954J. I. Lloyd Beagling 142 Hounds own a scent when it is strong enough for them to speak to it. 1971G. Wheeler Year Round 21 Now the kale comes really alive as hounds drive through it converging on Ladybird's corner. One after another they own her line.
3. a. To call (a thing or person) one's own; to acknowledge as one's own.
1610Shakes. Temp. v. i. 275 Two of these Fellowes, you Must know, and owne, this Thing of darkenesse, I Acknowledge mine. 1611― Wint. T. iii. ii. 89 Thy Brat hath been cast out..No Father owning it. 1691Wood Ath. Oxon. II. 642 He hath also published little trivial things..which he will not own. 1772Ann. Reg. 249/1 At last, the bishops were called to appear before the privy-council. They were asked, ‘If they owned their petition?’
b. To acknowledge or recognize as an acquaintance; to give recognition to. Obs. exc. dial.
1650Fuller Pisgah ii. ix. 192 Our eares and eyes quickly own those objects far off, with which formerly they have been familiarly acquainted. 1662Pepys Diary 27 Apr., I..met my Lord Chaimberlaine..who owned and spoke to me. 1773Johnson Let. to Mrs. Thrale 21 Sept., I was owned at table by one who had seen me at a philosophical lecture. 1868Atkinson Cleveland Gloss., Awn, to own or acknowledge, as a friend or acquaintance, that is, to visit.
†c. To claim for one's own; to lay claim to. Obs.
1655Stanley Hist. Philos. iii. (1701) 123/2 Menedemus accuseth him of owning many Dialogues of Socrates. 1658–9Burton's Diary (1828) III. 5, I move to choose your clerk. The person in place may be deserving,..but own your privilege in choosing. 1712Steele Spect. No. 555 ⁋3, I might have owned these several Papers with the free Consent of these Gentlemen. 1815Chron. in Ann. Reg. 51/2 Both bodies..were carried to the bone-house to be owned.
†d. To attribute (a thing) to some source. rare.
1740tr. De Mouhy's Fort. Country-Maid (1741) I. 51, I found no Difficulty in owning to them the Occasion of this dangerous Illness.
4. To acknowledge as approved or accepted; to declare or manifest one's acceptance or approval of; to countenance, vindicate. Somewhat arch.
c1610Sir. J. Melvil Mem. (1683) 55 The too much owning of Rixio, a known minion of the Pope, would give ground of suspicion. 1649Milton Eikon. 79 Piracy become a project own'd and authoriz'd against the Subject. 1758S. Hayward Serm. Introd. 13 We might hope to find our labours more owned. 1853Conybeare Ess. Eccl. & Soc. (1855) 92 A preacher is said in this [Recordite] phraseology to be ‘owned’ [i.e. of God] when he makes many converts. c1860Spurgeon in Daily News 24 Aug. (1898) 6/2 God has owned me to the most degraded and off-cast; let others serve their class; these are mine, and to them I must keep.
5. a. To acknowledge (something) in its relation to oneself; also, more generally, to acknowledge (a thing) to be what is claimed, or to be the fact; to confess to be valid, true, or actual; to admit.
(a) with simple obj.
1655Stanley Hist. Philos. i. (1701) 6/2 Which Aristotle hath borrowed from him, not owning the Author. 1662Stillingfl. Orig. Sacr. iii. iv. §8 Writers and historians, which did not own the authority of the Scriptures. 1666Pepys Diary 27 Oct., How high the Catholiques are every⁓where and bold in the owning their religion. 1711Lond. Gaz. No. 4795/4 Stoln or strayed,..a..Mare,..lately paced, but does not freely own it. 1749Fielding Tom Jones xv. xi, Her Age was about thirty, for she owned six and twenty. 1814Cary Dante, Paradise viii. 134 Nature..no distinction owns 'Twixt one or other household. 1876J. Parker Paracl. i. viii. 114 The world has never cared to own its need of the Son of man.
(b) with obj. and compl.
1665Bunyan Holy Citie 90 The Servants of Christ are here owned to be the foundations of this Wall. 1684Pennsylv. Archives I. 87 [To] yeilde obediens to the Lord Balltemore and owne him for theire Proprietor. 1709Tatler No. 63 ⁋5 There are few, very few, that will own themselves in a Mistake. 1758S. Hayward Serm. iv. 114, I readily own myself at a loss. 1815W. H. Ireland Scribbleomania 256 To the labours of Lindley Murray the rising generation will own itself highly indebted. 1828Scott F.M. Perth xix, Surprised at last into owning thyself a woman.
(c) with obj. clause (rarely inf.).
1665Pepys Diary 31 Oct., She would not owne that ever she did get any of it without book. 1718Lady M. W. Montagu Let. to C'tess of Mar 28 Aug., I hope you will own I have made good use of my time. 1745Eliza Heywood Female Spect. No. 14 (1748) III. 70 You will here⁓after own to be guilty of an injustice you will be ashamed of. 1760C. Johnston Chrysal (1777) III. 70 What the chief commanders..owned to have reserved for each of themselves. 1873Helps Anim. & Mast. v. (1875) 115, I own to you that I have a great fear of the damage that ridicule might do.
b. intr. To confess (to something).
1776Garrick in G. Colman's Posth. Lett. (1820) 324 Jewel only owns to a treaty, but no bargain yet struck. 1814Byron Wks. (1832) III. 39 He owns to having reprinted some sheets [etc.]. 1853C. M. Yonge Heir of Redclyffe iv, He owns to disliking the Doctor. 1869J. Martineau Ess. II. 214 We own to a feeling of shame and grief, when we find [etc.].
c. to own up: to make a full admission or confession (esp. when challenged or pressed); to confess frankly. (intr. with or without to, or with obj. clause.) colloq.
1853J. A. Benton California Pilgrim 55 However, you ‘own up’, and confess. 1858S. A. Hammett Piney Woods Tavern 28 I'm willin' to own up that I'm ginerally considered to rather have a gift that way myself. 1861Harper's Mag. Mar. 463/2 The English have long since resigned even the name of competitors,..as far as fishing on the Grand Bank is concerned... They have quit the field, ‘owned up beat’. 1880Trollope Duke's Children xxxv, If you own up in a genial sort of way the House will forgive anything. 1883Gilmour Mongols xxiii. 285 If his two companions in accusation would not own up, he would take the responsibility of the loss. 1889M. E. Wilkins Indep. Thinker in Far-away Melody (1891) 146 Then I asked him, an' he owned up it was so. 1890Boston (U.S.) Jrnl. 23 May 1/6 On being arrested he owned up to his crime. 1951People 3 June 7/1 It will be difficult to find many regular backers who could truthfully own up to a good week at Epsom. 1966Listener 10 Mar. 342/1 It is the usual thing to address the class sternly and demand that the culprit should ‘own up’.
6. spec.
†a. trans. To acknowledge as due (to a person). Obs. rare.
Perh. an error for owe: see owe v. 2.
1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 43 He must take his othe to owne him his faith and obeidience. 1699Bentley Phal. Pref. 6, I said enough to make any Person of common Justice and Ingenuity have own'd me thanks for preventing him from doing a very ill Action.
†b. To acknowledge as due to oneself, to hold as deserved or merited; to merit, deserve. rare.
a1643Ld. Falkland, etc. Infallibility (1646) 108 Guilt enough to owne that severity.
c. To acknowledge as having supremacy, authority, or power over one; to profess, or yield, obedience or submission to (a superior, a power, etc.).
1695Blackmore Pr. Arth. i. 55 The Prince of Darkness owns the Conquerour, And yields his Empire to a mightier Pow'r. c1709Prior First Hymn Callimachus 99 Man owns the power of kings; and kings of Jove. 1814Shelley Summer-evening Churchy. ii, Silence and twilight..breathe their spells..Light, sound, and motion own the potent sway. 1870J. Ellerton Hymn, ‘The day Thou gavest’ v, Till all Thy creatures own Thy sway. 1874Green Short Hist. i. §3. 23 Wessex owned his overlordship as it had owned that of Oswald.
▪ III. own, owne
obs. forms of one numeral adj. |