| 释义 |
pastern, n.|ˈpæstən|
Forms: 4 pastron, 6 pastren, 7 pastrone; 6 pasto(u)rne, -tour, 6–7 pasterne, 8 pastorn, 6– pastern.
[ME. pastron = OF. pasturon (1530 in Palsgr.), mod.F. paturon, deriv. of OF. pasture used in sense 2, also a shackle or cord with which a horse is tethered by the pastern-joint (mod.Norman dial. pâture clog, shackle); held by French etymologists to be the same word as OF. pasture, F. pâture pasture, transferred first to the tether of a horse at pasture, and then to the joint. Cf. It. pastora, pastoia (Florio), a shackle for a horse, also a pastern, part of a horse's foot (Baretti); pastura pasture.]
†1. A shackle fixed on the foot of a horse or other beast at pasture, or of an unruly horse to confine his movements; a tether; a hobble. Obs.
c1343Durham Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 543 In lxiiij capistris..iij paribus de pastrons [etc.]. 1347–8Ibid. 545 Et in vj par. de Pastronnes novis. 1469Ord. Dk. Clarence in Househ. Ord. (1790) 97 Sadelles, harnesse,..halters, turnelles, pastrons,..and all suche other. 1570North Doni's Philos. (1888) 258 A tying Coller, a paire of Pastornes, and a Cranell. 1607Markham Caval. ii. ix. 104 [Some] will..put a verie strong pasterne vpon one of the horses hinder feete, then passing the other end of the corde thorowe the pasterne, bring it againe to the saddle pommell. Ibid. vii. lxxxii. 78 Shackle gall is any sore got by wearing pasternes, shackls, or other fetters. 1611Cotgr., Empas, shackles, fetters, or pasternes for vnrulie, or vnbroken horses. a1625Fletcher Chances i. ix, Ye found an easie foole that let you get it [a child]; Sh' had better have worne pasterns. [1824Baretti Ital.-Eng. Dict. (ed. 7), Pastoja, a pastern, a shackle for a horse.]
2. That part of a horse's foot between the fetlock and the hoof, corresponding in extent to the two pastern-bones.
1530Palsgr. 252/2 Pastron of an horse, pasturon. Pastren, pasturiau. a1533Ld. Berners Huon cxxx. 477 The bloode of them that were slayne, ranne in the strettes to the horse pastours. 1636Massinger Gt. Dk. Flor. iii. i. Wks. (Rtldg.) 177/2 He treads weak in his pasterns. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1862) I. iii. i. 347 A tail which hangs down to the pastern. 1843Lever J. Hinton vii. (1878) 43 A strong hackney, whose flat rib and short pastern showed his old Irish breeding.
b. The corresponding part in other quadrupeds; also transf. the human ankle.
1555Eden Decades 260 There are also Alces muche lyke vnto hartes, with..longe legges withowt any bowinge of theyr houx or pasternes. a1625Fletcher Hum. Lieut. ii. iii, Let me see your leg;—she treads but low in the pasternes. a1700Dryden Wife of Bath's T. 52 So straight she walk'd, and on her pasterns high. 1845Youatt Dog ii. 33 The low placing of the pastern.
3. = Pastern-bone (see 4 b).
1656Blount Glossogr., Pastern (talus), the ankle or huckle-bone of a Beasts foot. 1840D. P. Blaine Encycl. Rur. Sports (1870) §633 The lesser pastern or coronary bone..receives the great pastern below.
4. attrib. and Comb., as pastern artery; pastern-deep adv., so deep as to cover the pasterns; pastern-joint, the joint or articulation between the cannon-bone and the great pastern-bone.
1682Lond. Gaz. No. 1747/4 A black Gelding,..standeth cripled with his pastern joynts. 1846J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) I. 451 There is a dryness of the hoof, throbbing of the pastern arteries. 1863M. E. Braddon J. Marchmont II. vi. 135 Pools of water through which the wretched animals floundered pastern-deep.
b. pastern-bone, each of the two bones (upper pastern or great pastern, and lower pastern or small p.) between the cannon-bone and the coffin-bone, being the first and second phalanges of the foot of a horse.
1601Holland Pliny I. 351 The Once..hath that which somewhat resembles a pasterne bone. 1726Pope Odyss. xx. 367 Where to the pastern-bone..The well-horn'd foot indissolubly join'd. 1855Holden Hum. Osteol. 170 The three joints of this finger answer to those called ‘great pastern bone’, ‘little pastern bone’, and ‘coffin bone’ in the horse.
Hence † ˈpastern v.: see quot.; ˈpasterned a. [-ed2], furnished with or having pasterns: in parasynthetic compounds, as short-pasterned, thick-pasterned.
1598Florio, Pastoiare, to fetter, to clog, to shackle, to pastern, to giue. 1614Markham Cheap Husb. i. i. (1668) 2 Short pastern'd, strong joynted. 1898C. M. Yonge Founded on Paper xxi, Poor broken-kneed, thick-pasterned Jack [an old horse]. |