| 释义 |
phage Biol.|feɪdʒ|
[Shortening of bacteriophage.]
A virus which attacks bacteria, entering the cell and either multiplying at its expense until the cell is lysed and the phage particles released, or becoming attached to the bacterial genome as a prophage and replicating synchronously with it; = bacteriophage. Also collect.
[1925Lancet 1 Aug. 234/2 The musical comedy spirit which reduces ‘bacteriophage’ to its final syllable.] 1926Encycl. Brit. I. 302/1 If a tube of suitable diluted phage, inoculated with B. dysenteriae, is incubated for three hours, and a loop of it then inoculated on agar, confluent growth of the bacteria may be obtained with a number of small, round, clear areas where no growth of bacteria has occurred. 1936Topley & Wilson Princ. Bacteriol. & Immunity (ed. 2) x. 238 Phages acting on one or other of the normal or pathogenic intestinal bacteria can almost always be isolated from fæces, from sewage, or from polluted water supplies. 1939Nature 24 June 1073 Lowering of virulence can..be induced by incubating phage with bacteria in media containing neither calcium nor magnesium salts. 1949Abraham & Heatley in H. W. Florey et al. Antibiotics I. ii. 89 A thin layer of agar containing an organism susceptible to lysis by the phage was spread on the plate and incubation was continued. 1960New Biol. XXXI. 77 Like other viruses, phages multiply by causing the host cells to synthesize the components of the virus. 1968H. Harris Nucleus & Cytoplasm ii. 22 Infection of E. coli with phage λ, however, allows β-galactosidase synthesis to continue almost until the time of lysis. 1972Nature 21 Jan. 129/1 Carcinogens..were tested for mutagenic activity in conventional assay systems, involving the use of bacteria or phage as target organisms. 1975E. Nnochiri Med. Microbiol. in Tropics xi. 306/2 Temperate phages..fail to lyse the cells they infect but continue, nevertheless, to reproduce synchronously with the bacterial host for many generations.
b. attrib. and Comb., as phage genome, phage particle, phage replication; phage-infected, phage-related, phage-resistant, phage-specific adjs.; phage type n., a division of a bacterial species characterized by a common susceptibility to a particular group of phages; so phage-typing vbl. n. the determination of the phage type of a bacterium; phage-type v. trans.
1969A. M. Campbell Episomes i. 5 We conclude that a phage genome can indeed multiply in two different states.
1964G. H. Haggis et al. Introd. Molecular Biol. xii. 315 Although these first experiments were made on phage-infected, evidence has also been found in normal bacteria for an RNA fraction with rapid turnover.
1957C. E. Clifton Introd. Bacterial Physiol. 380 The number of phage particles adsorbed per bacterium can vary with experimental conditions. 1957Virology II. 256 (heading) Production of phage-related structures during multiplication of phages T2 and T4. 1968J. D. Watson Double Helix xvii. 121 André [Lwoff] was very keen about the role of divalent metals in phage replication.
1951Whitby & Hynes Med. Bacteriol. (ed. 5) xxiv. 436 Phage-resistant mutants of undiminished virulence may replace the originally susceptible bacteria. 1973R. G. Krueger et al. Introd. Microbiol. xviii. 479/2 The bacterial cell wall contains phage-specific receptor sites that undergo chemical union with the attachment apparatus of the virus.
1942Jrnl. Infectious Dis. LXXI. 165/2 A series of mouse passage tests resulted in cultures of the same phage type as the original strains. 1961Lancet 29 July 248/1 The second distinctive feature in Australia is an apparently great prevalence of antibiotic-resistant staphylococci, including phage-types 47 and 80. 1975E. Nnochiri Med. Microbiol. in Tropics xi. 307/1 If a particular phage-type of Salmonella typhi is the cause of an outbreak of typhoid infection, a search is made for carriers of organisms of the same phage-type.
1938Canad. Publ. Health Jrnl. XXIX. 493 (heading) The limitations of phage typing B. typhosus. 1949Brit. Med. Jrnl. 10 Sept. 565/2 Staphylococci isolated from a series of 100 cases of infection occurring in this hospital have all been tested for penicillin sensitivity and phage-typed to see if the two could be correlated. 1961Lancet 2 Sept. 506/2 All strains of Staph. aureus were tested for sensitivity to eight antibiotics, and a small number were phage-typed.
1942Jrnl. Infectious Dis. LXXI. 161/1 Phage typing of typhoid culture has been employed quite extensively in Canada as an aid in tracing the origin of typhoid fever outbreaks. 1970Passmore & Robson Compan. Med. Stud. II. xviii. 70/2 There are a number of phages with specific affinities for different staphylococci and it is therefore possible to identify strains of staphylococci by their phage-sensitivity patterns. This is the basis of phage⁓typing which is of great use in the investigation of outbreaks of staphylococcal sepsis. |