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▪ I. plait, n.|pleɪt, plæt, pliːt|
Forms: α. 5–6 playte, 5–7 playt, 6 plaite, 6– plait. β. 5–6 pleyt(e, pleite, 7 pleit. γ. 6 playght, pleyght(e, 6–7 plaight, 6–8 pleight. See also plat n.4, pleat n., plet n.1, plight n.2
[ME. pleyt, playt, a. OF. pleit (Burguy), later ploit (14th c. in Godef.) fold, manner of folding:—late L. *plictum, from plicitum a thing folded, neuter of pa. pple. of plicāre to fold.
For this n. and the vb. the dictionaries generally give the first pronunciation above; but in living English use, the third is usual in sense 1, and the second in sense 2; which amounts to saying that, as a spoken word, plait is obsolete, and supplied in sense 1 by pleat, in sense 2 by plat. The first pronunciation appears however to prevail in U.S.]
1. A fold, crease, or wrinkle.
a. A fold of cloth or any similar fabric, esp. a flattened fold or gather made by doubling the material upon itself; = pleat n. 1. (Now generally written pleat, and usually pronounced |pliːt| even when spelt plait.)
α14..Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 608/35 Ruga, a wrynkyl, or a playt. c1440Promp. Parv. 402/2 Playte, of a clothe, plica, plicatura. 1530Palsgr. 255/2 Playte of a gowne, ply. a1550Christis Kirke Gr. i. ii, Thair kirtillis wer of lynkome licht, Weill prest with mony plaitis [rime gaitis]. 1570Levins Manip. 203/40 Ye Playt of a cote, plica, ruga. 1687Randolph Archip. 40 Their stockings are most of red cloth, hanging in plaits. 1756–7tr. Keysler's Trav. (1760) I. 158 The multitude of plaits in their gowns. 1814Moore New Cost. Ministers 15 Every pucker and seam were made matters of State, And a grand Household Council was held on each plait! 1850D. G. Mitchell Reveries Bachelor 227 And then smoothed down the plaits of her apron. 1884Knight Dict. Mech. Suppl. 686/2 To change the width of plait, turn the nuts on the curved screw [etc.].
β1523Fitzherb. Husb. §151 They haue suche pleytes vpon theyr brestes, and ruffes vppon theyr sleues, aboue theyr elbowes. 1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. iv. iv. 116 A Talbant high topped before deuided with twelue pleites or folds. a1631Donne Poems (1650) 121 To judge of lace, pinke, panes, print cut, and pleit [rime conceit]. 1683Chalkhill Thealma & Cl. 74 Her silk gown..in equal pleits hung down Unto the Earth.
γ1541Act 33 Hen. VIII, c. 3 The said clothes..shall be folded either in pleightes or cuttelle. 1552Huloet, Pleyght, sinus... Loke in playght. Ibid. Playght or wrynkle, ruga, rugosus, full of plaightes. a1586Sidney Arcadia i. (1622) 51 The neather part full of pleights. 1683Moxon Mech. Exerc., Printing xxiv. ⁋10 He laps or Folds..one part of it..into a Plaight.
b. A fold, wrinkle, or crease in any natural structure, e.g. in the lip, brow, or ear; in the integuments or membranes of insects or plants; a sinuosity of a coast-line.
1592Davies Immort. Soul Poems (1869) 106 Therfore these plaits and folds the sound restraine, That it the organ may more gently touch. 1601Holland Pliny I. 113 That towne..stood as it were in a fold, or plait, or nouke thereof. 1754Richardson Grandison IV. iv. 23 A grave formal young man, his prim mouth set in plaits. 1844Mrs. Browning Sonn., Apprehension 10, I should fear Some plait between the brows. 1856Delamer Fl. Gard. (1861) 60 Funkia subcordata has heart-shape leaves, of a bright green, with longitudinal folds or plaits.
β, γ1574T. Hill Ord. Bees i, Aristotle nameth them pleighted or ringed in that their bodies are deuided with pleights or rings. 1647R. Stapylton Juvenal 244 In thick pleites his browes are shrunk. 1657S. Purchas Pol. Flying Ins. i. iii. 6 The hinder part of their bodies is full of ringes, or pleights.
c. fig. A sinuosity or twist of nature or character; a quirk, a dodge, a trick; a winding, a hidden recess: usually implying artifice or deceit. Obs. or arch.
1589Puttenham Eng. Poesie iii. xxiv. (Arb.) 299 Oportet iudicem esse rudem et simplicem, without plaite or wrinkle, sower in looke and churlish in speach. 1599B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. v. vii, Simplicitie; without folds, without pleights, without counterfeit. 1599Sandys Europæ Spec. (1632) 124 [To] search so narrowly all the plaits and hidden corners of the Papacie. 1622Hakewill David's Vow iv. 144 A simple heart,..without pleits and foldes. a1667Jer. Taylor Guide Devot. (1719) 123, I do not desire that there should be any Fold, or Pleight, or Corner of it hidden from Thee. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xxi. IV. 581 Two characters..of which he knew all the plaits and windings.
2. A contexture of three or more interlaced strands of hair, ribbon, straw, or any cord-like substance; esp. a braided tress of hair, a queue or pigtail; a flat band of plaited straw, grass, or vegetable fibre, for making hats, etc. (Commonly pronounced (plæt), and often spelt plat: see plat n.4) Hence three-plait, four-plait, six-plait, etc. (dial. three-a-plait, threesome plait, etc.); single plait, a plait formed by knitting up a single string into a chain of loops, as in chain-stitch; chain-plait.
Brazilian plait, plait made of dried flag-grass, imported from the West Indies or South America. Leghorn plait: see Leghorn. See also straw-plait.
1530Palsgr. 255/2 Playtes of a womans heer, tresses; tressure. 17..Mary Hamilton in Child Ballads (1857) III. 325 But in and cam the Queen hersel, Wi' gowd plait on her hair. 1837H. Ainsworth Crichton I. 205 The rich auburn hair is gathered in plaits at the top of the head. 1846McCulloch Acc. Brit. Empire (1854) I. 317 Rye straw grown in Orkney has been found pretty well fitted to serve as a substitute for the straw used in Italian plait; and the manufacture of this straw into plait was carried on for several years to a considerable extent. 1870Routledge's Ev. Boy's Ann. Apr. 243 The most simple shortening for all descriptions of small cords is that known to boys as the single plait, but which seamen know as the chain knot. 1880C. R. Markham Peruv. Bark xiv. 138 They were fine-looking young fellows, wearing their hair in long plaits down their backs. 1884Pall Mall G. 30 Sept. 4/1 English ladies purchasing an elegant straw bonnet at the Louvre are not, perhaps, aware that the plait was made by children in Bedfordshire, and the straw put together at Luton. 1905Westm. Gaz. 8 July 13/2 The paper..is cut into strips and then plaited in a four- or five- or six-plait.
b. Naut. ‘Strands of rope-yarn twisted into foxes, or braided into sennit’ (Knight).
c. Polish plait, ‘a matted condition of the hair induced by neglect, dirt, and pediculi, common in Poland, Lithuania, and Tartary’ (Syd. Soc. Lex., s.v. Plica polonica): see plica 1.
1875Sir W. Turner in Encycl. Brit. I. 812/2 He described the state of the hair when affected with Polish plait.
3. attrib. and Comb., as plait-like adj.; plait-dance, a dance in which the participants hold ribbons, which are plaited and unplaited in the course of their evolutions; a ribbon-dance; plait-net, a kind of machine-made lace; plait-stitch, = plaited stitch; plait-work, a decorative pattern, of a kind frequent in ancient and mediæval art, in the form of interlacing or plaited bands.
1887Pall Mall G. 5 Jan. 7/1 Native dancing girls go through the well-known and much admired evolutions commonly called the *plait dance.
1901Lady's Realm X. 617/1 The stitches cross in the middle, and the *plait-like appearance is attained.
1844G. Dodd Textile Manuf. vii. 229 In ‘fancy broad-net’ the device as well as the groundwork are made at the machine. In ‘*plait-net’ the same thing is observable, and also in ‘tatting-net’.
1901Lady's Realm X. 616 *Plait-stitch.
1899Baring-Gould Book West II. 43 The transition from *plaitwork to knotwork took place in Italy between 563 and 774.
▪ II. plait, v.|pleɪt, plæt, pliːt|
Forms: see prec. n.; also plat v.3, pleat v., plet v., plight v.2
[f. plait n., where see note on pronunciation.]
1. trans. To fold (a woven or other fabric, etc.); esp. to fold flat, to double; to gather in pleats; = pleat v. 1, and now commonly pronounced |pliːt|.
1377Langl. P. Pl. B. v. 212 To broche hem with a pak⁓nedle And plaited [v.rr. playte, plytyd, plyghted; A. pleted, pleit] hem togyderes. c1440Promp. Parv. 402/2 Playtyn, plico. 1571Campion Hist. Irel. vi. (1633) 18 With wide hanging sleeves playted. 1714Gay Sheph. Week Tuesday 36 Will she with huswife's hand provide thy meat, And every Sunday morn thy neckcloth plait? 1732Acc. Workhouses 153 Taylors are only employ'd to cut out their mantua's and plait them. 1802M. Edgeworth Moral T. (1816) I. xvi. 139 Asked the washerwoman if she had plaited her cap. 1824W. Irving T. Trav. I. 188 [He] wore his shirt frill plaited and puffed out..at the bosom.
βc1440Y-pleite; 1467 pleytid [see plaited 1]. 1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. vi. vii. §18. 67 Wearing a kirtle therunder very thick pleited.
γ1538Elyot, Sinuo..it is also applyed to garmentes that are pleyghted or gathered vp. 1552Huloet, Pleyght or folde a garment, sinuo. 1613J. May Declar. Est. Clothing v. 26 Hauing the clothes pleighted and bound together with threds. 1657Beck Univ. Char. I vij b, To plaight.
†b. By extension, To fold, bend, double up; to wrinkle, knit (the brows). Obs.
a1440Sir Degrev. 326 Wyth scharpe exus of stelle He playtede here basnetus welle. 1570Levins Manip. 204/1 To Playt a nayle, replicare. 1642Fuller Holy & Prof. St. ii. ix. 81 Some..seem farre older then they are, and plait and set their brows in an affected sadnesse.
2. To braid or intertwine (hair, straw, rushes, narrow ribbons, etc.) so as to form a plait, band, or rope (plait n. 2); = plat v.3 1, and now commonly pronounced (plæt).
1582N. T. (Rhem.) 1 Pet. iii. 3 Let it not be outwardly the plaiting of heare. 1611Bible ibid, That outward adorning, of plaiting the haire. 1611Coryat Crudities 386 Their haire..they plait it in two very long locks that hang downe ouer their shoulders halfe a yard long. 1831Scott Cast. Dang. ii, The little wild boy..who used to run about and plait rushes some twenty years ago. 1841Lane Arab. Nts. I. 122 An hour or more is occupied by the process of plaiting the hair. 1865Dickens Mut. Fr. ii. i, Little Margery..who plaited straw.
γ1589Greene Menaphon (Arb.) 76 Hir lockes are pleighted like the fleece of wooll. 1703Savage Lett. Antients liii. 135 If thou pleightedst thy Hair with one hand, thou wouldst be sure to handle my Purse with the other.
b. fig. To interweave (things immaterial).
1387–8[see plaited 3]. 1642Fuller Holy & Prof. St. i. ii. 31 When devotion is thus artificially plaited into houres it may take up mens minds in formalities. Ibid. v. vii. 386 Till one unexpected counterblast of Fortune ruffled, yea blew away, all his projects so curiously plaited.
c. To felt, mat.
1875Knight Dict. Mech., Plaiting, the interweaving of the felted hairs, forming a hat-body by means of pressure, motion, moisture, and heat.
d. To make (a braid, garland, mat, etc.) by plaiting.
1877A. B. Edwards Up Nile xi. 297 Plaiting mats and baskets of stained reeds.
†3. To twist, to cross. (Of one or two things.)
a. trans.
b. intr.
a.1616in Dalyell Darker Superst. Scotl. (1834) 448 [She] past the boundis of hir ground, and thair sat doun plaiting hir feit betuix the merchis.
b.17..in Evans Old Ball. (1784) III. 175 The worm leapt up, the worm leapt down, She plaited round the stone. 1799J. Robertson Agric. Perth 540 A too quick growing of the hoofs, which plaited under his feet and made him lame. |