| 释义 |
preformative, a. (n.)|priːˈfɔːmətɪv|
Also præ-.
[f. pre- A. 3, 4 + formative; cf. preform.]
1. Having the quality or capacity of forming beforehand. (Sometimes with allusion to the biological theory of preformation.)
1841Myers Cath. Th. iv. §33. 342 The peculiar preformative nature of the Jewish institutions and history. 1854Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. XV. ii. 305 Under the supposition that the membrane gives rise to the first production of the Dentine, and is itself obliterated by the process, it has been called the preformative membrane of the dental papilla. 1883Schaff Hist. Ch. I. iii. xxi. 199 [That] the apostolic Christianity is preformative and contains the living germs of all the following periods, personages, and tendencies.
2. Philol. Prefixed as a formative element: said of a letter, syllable, etc. (esp. in Semitic languages).
1821M. Stuart Gram. Hebr. Lang. iii. (1831) 79 The præformative affixes to the Fut., would appropriately have a Sheva for their vowel-pointing. 1839G. Phillips Syriac Gram. 61 The præformative letters are not four as in Hebrew. Ibid. 62 The Infinitive of all the conjugations has Mem præformative. 1844Proc. Philol. Soc. I. 269 The Georgian also employs a variety of preformative particles in conjugation.
B. n. Philol. A preformative particle; a letter, syllable, etc., prefixed to a word or root in inflexion or derivation; a prefix (esp. in Semitic languages).
1821M. Stuart Gram. Hebr. Lang. ii. (1831) 51 Tav, in the præformative [hiṯ] (in Hithpael), often assimilates itself to the first radical of the verb. Ibid. iii. 96 The Præformatives of tense and conjugation. 1837G. Phillips Syriac Gram. 85 The Olaph characteristic of the Aphel conjugation is sometimes retained with the preformatives. 1844Proc. Philol. Soc. I. 246 One of these preformatives..is deserving of more especial notice. 1901J. E. H. Thomson Recent Comm. Daniel 12 There are remains of eastern forms..for instance, the use of the lamed as preformative for the yod in the Substantive Verb—a Mandaean i.e. eastern usage. |