| 释义 |
▪ I. prejudice, n.|ˈprɛdʒədɪs|
Also 4–6 -ys(e, (5 pregedys(s)e), 5–7 prejudyce, 6 -ize, 6–7 præ-.
[a. F. préjudice (13th c. in Littré), ad. L. præjūdicium a preceding judgement or decision, a precedent; damage, prejudice, f. præ, pre- A. 2 + jūdicium judgement, sentence.]
I.
1. a. Injury, detriment, or damage, caused to a person by judgement or action in which his rights are disregarded; resulting injury; hence, injury to a person or thing likely to be the consequence of some action. Now chiefly in particular phrases, as in prejudice of, to the (intended or consequent) detriment or injury of; to the prejudice of, to the (resulting) injury of; without prejudice, without detriment to any existing right or claim; esp. in Law, without damage to one's own right, without detracting from one's own rights or claims: see quot. 1872.
c1290Becket 1701 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 155 Þe king in preIudice of him, and to bi-nimen him is riȝte, Let oþur bischopes crouni is sone. c1315Shoreham Poems i. 987 Ȝef hyt ne be nauȝt to þy prest Malice ne preiudice. 1389in Eng. Gilds (1870) 23 To make non ordinaunce in prejudice ne lettyng of ye comoun lawe. 1426Lydg. De Guil. Pilgr. 3918 Al thys I wrouhte, thorgh my myht, With-oute preiudyce of your ryht. c1485Digby Myst. (1882) iii. 234 Be-warre ye do no pregedyse a-ȝen þe law. 1630R. Johnson's Kingd. & Commw. 292 The sheepe..or their fleeces, are bought up by the Netherlands, and imployed in the making of cloth, to some prejudice of ours in England. 1660–1Marvell Corr. Wks. (Grosart) II. 43 He promised me that nothing should be done of that nature to your prejudice. 1686tr. Chardin's Coronat. Solyman 10 To advance the Younger Son, in prejudice of the Eldest. a1715Burnet Own Time an. 1667 (1823) I. 439 It was no small prejudice to him that he was recommended by so bad a man. 1715tr. Gregory's Astron. (1726) I. 184 The Fixed Stars..may be placed at different Distances, without any prejudice to this System. 1825Jefferson Autobiog. Wks. 1859 I. 68 A material error, which I have committed in another place, to the prejudice of the Empress. 1838in Manning & Granger Reports C.P. IX. 918 The above I offer without prejudice, in case it is not agreed to. 1845McCulloch Taxation i. i. (1852) 43 It is easy to see that it might be entirely swept off by a tax, without prejudice to the interests of any class except the landlords. 1866G. Macdonald Ann. Q. Neighb. xxxii, People will talk to your prejudice—and Mr. Walton's too. 1872Wharton's Law-Lex. 763/2 Without Prejudice, is [said in reference] to overtures and communications between litigants..before trial or verdict. The words import an understanding that if the negotiation fails, nothing that has passed shall be taken advantage of thereafter.
†b. gen. Injury, damage, hurt, loss. Obs.
1539Cromwell in Merriman Life & Lett. (1902) II. 203 Veray lothe his highne[s] wold be to see any of them..to take any harme or preiudice at the papistes handes. 1563Golding Cæsar v. (1565) 119 b, He sent hys wagoners..out of the woodes vpon our men of armes and encountred with them to their great preiudice. 1591Greene Maiden's Dr. Ded. to Lady Hatton, Whose death being the common prejudice of a present age, was lamented of most. 1600J. Lane Tom Tel-troth 591 As rauening wolues that liue by preiudice. 1657S. Purchas Pol. Flying-Ins. 135 This prejudice is chiefly caused in narrow and close grounds..and seldome comes on hills. 1678Sir G. Mackenzie Crim. Laws Scot. i. xi. §6 (1699) 61 If the prejudice be done by the Horses foremost feet, then the Rider shall be forc'd to satisfy for the Prejudice done. 1790Beatson Nav. & Mil. Mem. I. 314 They were so well covered by a bank of sand, that the cannon of the frigates could not do them the smallest prejudice.
c. to terminate (dismiss, etc.) with extreme prejudice: to kill, to assassinate. Hence termination with extreme prejudice. U.S. slang.
1972B. F. Conners Don't embarrass Bureau (1973) ii. 99 ‘A few years ago when he wanted an agent..out of the organization he ended up dismissing him with extreme prejudice.’ ‘You mean he had him killed?’.. Ted nodded. 1974W. Garner Big enough Wreath x. 123 ‘There is no question of anyone killing anybody.’ ‘There is. I'm asking it... Terminate with extreme prejudice?’ 1974F. Nolan Oskawa Project xvi. 105 Had he been taken out by his own people?.. He had seen some of those files with the brutal red block letters stamped diagonally across the page: Terminate with extreme prejudice. 1980C. Pincher Dirty Tricks i. 10 A ‘termination with extreme prejudice’, as the CIA called its assassination projects in those days.
II.
†2.
a. A previous judgement; esp. a judgement formed before due examination or consideration; a premature or hasty judgement; a prejudgement.
(Nearly always a literal rendering of L. præjudicium.)
1388Wyclif 1 Tim. v. 21 Y preie..that thou kepe these thingis with oute preiudice [1382 withouten bifore dom; Vulg. sine præjudicio; 1582 N.T. (Rhem.) without preiudice; 1611 Bible without preferring, marg. prejudice; 1881 R.V. without prejudice, marg. preference]. 1483Cath. Angl. 290/2 Preiudyse, preiudicium. a1577Sir T. Smith Commw. Eng. (1609) 88 For as twelue haue giuen a preiudice against him, so twelue againe must acquit or condemne him. 1600Holland Livy xxvi. ii. 583 Least that they might seeme to approve the very same thing by their prejudice and dome aforehand. 1835Whately in Life (1866) I. 313, I strongly protested against the charge of ‘prejudice’ in the strict sense, viz., as a pre-judicium, a judgment formed antecedently to knowledge.
†b. The action of judging of an event beforehand; prognostication, presaging. Obs. rare. [So F. préjudice in Amyot, 16th c.]
1590Spenser F.Q. ii. ix. 49 That nought mote hinder his quicke prejudize. 1598Greneway Tacitus, Descr. Germ. ii. (1622) 261 So [they] trie their valour: and by that prejudice conjecture on whose side the victory shall fall.
3. a. Preconceived opinion; bias or leaning favourable or unfavourable; prepossession; when used absolutely, usually with unfavourable connotation.
1643Sir T. Browne Relig. Med. i. §3 At a solemn Procession I have wept abundantly, while my consorts, blind with opposition and prejudice, have fallen into an excess of scorn and laughter. 1719D'Urfey Pills (1872) I. 340 Who rails at faults through personal prejudice Shows more his own, than shames another's vice. 1765A. Dickson Treat. Agric. (ed. 2) 19 If a person divests himself of prejudice, and attachment to any particular opinion. 1790Burke Fr. Rev. 130 Prejudice renders a man's virtue his habit... Through just prejudice, his duty becomes a part of his nature. 1861J. Bright in Times 18 July, Ignorance is the mother of prejudice, whether among nations or individuals.
b. With a and pl.: An instance of this; a feeling, favourable or unfavourable, towards any person or thing, prior to or not based on actual experience; a prepossession; a bias or leaning to one side; an unreasoning predilection or objection.
1654Bramhall Just Vind. iii. (1661) 51 God looks upon his creatures with all their prejudices, and expects no more of them then according to the talents which he hath given them. 1662Gerbier Princ. 8 Being prepossessed with a prejudice. 1705Atterbury Serm., Luke xvi. 31 (1726) II. 46 Such..have had all the early Prejudices of Education on the side of Truth. 1784J. Barry in Lect. Paint. vi. (1848) 228 The works of Correggio, for which they had contracted an early prejudice. 1830D'Israeli Chas. I, III. i. 2 He cannot..remove the prejudices which are raised against him. 1842De Quincey Philos. Herod. Wks. 1858 IX. 204 When a prejudice of any class whatever is seen as such, when it is recognised for a prejudice, from that moment it ceases to be a prejudice. Those are the true baffling prejudices for man, which he never suspects for prejudices. 1894H. Drummond Ascent Man 5 A historian dares not have a prejudice, but he cannot escape a purpose.
†c. Something prejudicial. Obs. rare—1.
1718Atterbury Serm., Acts xxvi. 26 (1734) I. 27 Those Articles of the Roman Catholick Faith..are to be received implicitly, without..Discussion... Now this is the greatest Prejudice imaginable against the Truth of the Doctrines of any Church.
†4. A preliminary or anticipatory judgement; a preconceived idea as to what will happen; an anticipation. Obs.
1748Anson's Voy. ii. ix. 225 Our former despair by degrees gave place to more sanguine prejudices. 1754–8Newton Observ. Proph. Dan. xi. 147 Let us lay aside all [traditions] and examine what prejudices can be gathered from records of good account. 1771Luckombe Hist. Print. 20 The..initial letters, &c. give a prejudice at sight of their being the first production of the Art amongst us.
5. Comb., as prejudice-born, prejudice-breeding adjs.
1896Pop. Sci. Monthly L. 270 They did not foresee such a revival of the prejudice-breeding protectionist system. 1902Daily Chron. 28 Oct. 7/1 Error stupendous, sublime, indefensible, Prejudice-born, I am sadly afraid.
▪ II. prejudice, v.|ˈprɛdʒədɪs|
Also 5 -ise, 6 -ish.
[a. F. préjudic-ier (14th c. in Littré) to prejudice, to be injurious, f. préjudice: see prec.]
I.
1. trans. To affect injuriously or unfavourably by doing some act, or as a consequence of something done; to injure or impair the validity of (a right, claim, statement, etc.).
1472–3Rolls of Parlt. VI. 25/1 That your seid Suppliant nor his heires, be in no wyse hurt nor prejudised by the same Acte. 1579G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 67 Ye have preiudishd my good name for ever in thrustinge me thus on the stage to make tryall of my extemporall faculty. 1639Fuller Holy War i. ix. (1840) 14 Yet no prescription of time could prejudice the title of the King of Heaven. 1774Pennant Tour Scot. in 1772, 110 Bestowing that title should not prejudice his right to the castle and lands. 1885Act 48 & 49 Vict. c. 61 §9 Nothing in this Act contained shall prejudice or interfere with any rights..vested in..the Lord Advocate.
b. To injure materially; to damage. Now rare.
1591Greene Farewell to Follie Wks. (Grosart) IX. 247 Watching either to preuent or preiudice the enemie. 1615G. Sandys Trav. 126 The egges being then most fit for that purpose, neither are they..preiudiced by thunder. 1653Clarke Papers (Camden) III. 7 This day Vantrump..discharged many cannons against the towne of Dover, whereby some howses were prejudiced, but noe persons slaine. 1706Hearne Collect. 9 July (O.H.S.) I. 271 The Binder has somewhat prejudic'd them. a1774Goldsm. Surv. Exp. Philos. II. 22 A very convincing proof how much mines of copper may prejudice the atmosphere. 1884Lillywhite's Cricket. Ann. 57 A wicket very much prejudiced by the rain.
II.
†2. To judge beforehand; esp. to prejudge unfavourably. Obs. rare.
1570Levins Manip. 115/22 To Preiudice, præiudicare. 1597A. M. tr. Guillemeau's Fr. Chirurg. 33/1 We may præiudice the bones to be altered or polluted. a1627Hayward Four Y. Eliz. (Camden) 9 The Queene..desiring them,..that they would not prejudice her in their opiniones. 1642Milton Apol. Smect. Wks. 1851 III. 258 To prejudice and forecondemne his adversary in the title for slanderous and scurrilous.
3. To affect or fill with a prejudice; to prepossess with an opinion; to give a bias or bent to, influence the mind or judgement of beforehand (often, unfairly). Const. against, in favour of, † to (= against).
1610Willet Hexapla Dan. 360, I will not preiudice the iudgement of any. 1675G. R. tr. LeGrand's Man without Passion 6 Those who..are prejudiced by passion. 1741Richardson Pamela II. 318 The Perverseness and Contradiction I have too often seen.., even among People of Sense, as well as Condition, had prejudiced me to the marry'd State. 1868Kingsley Hermits, St. Simon Styl. (1880) 196, I wished..to prejudice my readers' minds in their favour rather than against them.
Hence ˈprejudicing vbl. n. and ppl. a.
1607Hieron Wks. II. 222 Without any prejudicing..of the Riches of God's grace. 1635J. Hayward tr. Biondi's Banish'd Virg. 143 It is not knowne that ever he did any prejudicing office against any man. 1706Hearne Collect. (O.H.S.) I. 249 Those prejudicing passions which must first be removed. |