| 释义 |
▪ I. rochet1|ˈrɒtʃɪt|
Forms: α. 4– rochet, 5–6 rochett (5 -yt, -ytt, 6 -ate, rogett), 6, 8 rochette; 6–8 rotchet (6 -ette). β. 6 rechet, rachet, ratchet.
[a. OF. rochet (also roket, roquet, whence rocket n.1), = It. roccetto, rocchetto, Sp. roqueta, Pg. rochete, roquete, med.L. rochetum, roquetum, etc. (see Du Cange); a dimin. of the Teutonic word which appears as OHG. (h)roch, roc, rokk (MHG. roc, rock-, G. rock), OS. hroc (LG. rock, whence Sw. rock, Icel. rokkr), MDu. roc, rock- (Du. rok), OFris. (h)rock, OE. rocc, and in med.L. as roccus (808).]
1. An outer garment of the nature of a smock-frock, cloak, or mantle. Now dial.
c1400Rom. Rose 4754 For al-so wel wol love be set Under ragges as riche rochet. 14..MS. Bibl. Reg. 12 B. i. f. 12 (Halliw.), Superior vestis mulierum, Anglice a rochet. 1547Test. Ebor. (Surtees) VI. 257 To Edward Hungaite, my sone, my velvett rochett. 1662J. Davies tr. Olearius' Voy. Ambass. 400 The Envoy help'd him to put it on, with a Rochet of cloath of Gold, a Girdle, and Turbant. 1755Smollett Quix. (1803) IV. 139 They threw down their staves, laid aside their rochets or mantles, so as to remain in their doublets. 1793Minstrel I. 27 The young ladies attired in a kind of uniform, in fine white rochets. 1837–in Eng. Dial. Dict. (Lanc. and Devon).
2. Eccl. A vestment of linen, of the nature of a surplice, usually worn by bishops and abbots.
α1382Wyclif Exod. xxviii. 4 Coope, coote, and a rochet, and a streyt myter, and a girdil thei shulen make. a1400Stac. Rome 501 An Arm men seyn is þer Of seint Thomas..And a Rochet þat is good, Al be-spreint with his blod. c1425Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 649 Hec poderis, rochytt. 1506in Clerk's Bk. (1903) 76 The said clerkis or one of theym shall daily intende in his Rogett at morowe masse. 1532More Confut. Barnes viii. Wks. 735/1 But yet he iesteth on theym ferther, because..y⊇ bishoppes wear white rochettes. 1581J. Bell Haddon's Answ. Osor. 258 Having embrued your rotchets in so much Christian bloud, play the Butchers morelike then Byshops. 1628–9Laud Diary 31 Jan., I dreamed that I put off my rochet, all save one sleeve. 1653Gataker Vind. Annot. Jer. 9 The Puritans..would cut my rochet onely, but the Papists would cut my throat. 1730Swift Ballads Wks. 1755 IV. i. 112 To give thee lawn sleeves, a mitre, and rotchet. 1790Burke Fr. Rev. Wks. V. 396 They will tell you that they see no difference between an idler with a hat and a national cockade, and an idler in a cowl or in a rochet. 1849Rock Ch. of Fathers II. 17 The rochet is only a modification of the surplice, as the surplice is of the alb. 1884Pall Mall G. 1 Jan. 8/1 The sermon being ended, the Bishop-elect was conducted to the Islip Chapel to put on his rochet.
β1534tr. Lindewood's Const. Provinc. 67, iii. surplyces, one rechet. 1552–3Inv. Ch. Goods, Stafford 49 One surples and a rachet. 1559J. Aylmer Harborowe N iv, To see the daye wherein they myght washe their goodly whyte ratchettes in her innocent bloude. 1570Levins Manip. 88 A ratchet, superpelliceum.
b. transf. One who wears a rochet; a bishop.
1581J. Bell Haddon's Answ. Osor. 216 Then follow in order the Roystyng route of Mytred Prelates, of the Scarlet crew of Rochettes, and shavelynges. a1661Fuller Worthies (1840) I. 270 For let not the cloaks carry away the credit from the gowns and rochet in that work. 1678Butler Hud. iii. ii. 544 When Zeal with aged Clubs and Gleaves Gave chase to Rochets and White Sleeves.
†c. attrib. as adj. Episcopal. Obs.
1554Bale Decl. Bonner's Art. xxiv. (1561) 90 b, All the other fine Rochet men of Englande. 1641Milton Reform. ii. Wks. 1851 III. 46 Our Prelatical Schism, and captivity to Rotchet Apothegmes.
3. (See quot.)
1728Chambers Cycl. s.v., Rochets are also the Mantles wore on Days of Ceremony, by the Peers sitting in the English Parliament... Those of Viscounts have two Bands or Borders and a half; those of Earls three; those of Marquisses three and a half; those of Dukes four.
▪ II. rochet2 Now local.|ˈrɒtʃɪt|
Forms: α. 4 ruget, 5 roget(t. β. 5 ruchet, 6 rochett(e, 6–9 rotchet, 5– rochet.
[a. OF. rouget, f. rouge red.]
The Red Gurnard.
αa1377Abingdon Acc. (1892) 38 In ruget, vj s. c1450Contin. Brut (1908) 447 Halybut, Gurnard rosted. Roget broyled. c1481Caxton Dialogues 12 Whityng, sprotte, rogettis [F. rouges].
βc1430Two Cookery-bks. 60 Codlyng, Ruchet, Rochys. 1465Mann. & Househ. Exp. (Roxb.) 305 Item, for rochetes the same day, ob. 1508W. de Worde Bk. Keruynge in Babees Bk. (1868) 280 Gornarde, rochet, breme, cheuene. 1528Paynell Salerne's Regim. (1541) 54 b, Among all see fyshe, the forsayd condicions consydered, the rochet and gurnarde seme to be most holsome. 1605B. Jonson Volpone iii. vii, I will..rip up Thy mouth,..And slit thy nose, Lik a raw rotchet. 1655Moufet & Bennet Health's Improv. (1746) 258 Rochets, or rather Rougets, because they are so red, differ from Gournards and Curs, in that they are redder by a great deal, and also less. 1727Counter Scuffle in Dryden's Misc. III. 336 Sitting quiet and at his ease, With butter'd Rochets thought to please his Palate. 1740R. Brookes Art of Angling ii. xliii. 161 The Red-Gurnard or Rotchet..has a large Boney Head arm'd with Prickles. 1863Couch Brit. Fishes II. 19 Elleck.., Red Gurnard, Rotchet. 1888Goode Amer. Fishes 306 The Red Gurnard, or Rochet, T. cuculus, and the Piper, T. lyra reach three or four pounds.
▪ III. † rochet3 Obs.—1
[a. F. rochet.]
A bobbin.
1728Chambers Cycl. s.v. Cloth, That for the Warp is wound on a kind of Rochets, or large wooden Bobbins, to dispose it for warping.
▪ IV. rochet
obs. form of ratchet. |