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单词 barrator
释义 barrator, -er|ˈbærətə(r)|
Forms: 5–6 baratour, 5–8 barretor, 5 baratoure, -atowre, -atur, -itur, -iter, barratoure, 6 baratter, -ater, -ator, -ettour, -etour, barratur, 6–7 barretour, 6–8 -eter, 7–8 -etter, 7–9 -ettor, 6– barrator, -er.
[a. AF. *baratour = OF. barateor, -eeur (= It. barattatore, Pr. baratador) fraudulent dealer, cheat, trickster, f. barat: see barrat v. Notwithstanding the derivation of the form from OF., the sense of ‘fighter, quarreller’ (see barrat n. 3) is much more prominent in this word; the most usual sense, III. intimately blends the two ideas.]
I. [from AF. baratour.] One who deals fraudulently in his business or office.
1. A person who buys or sells ecclesiastical preferment, a simoniac or simonist (obs.); one who buys or sells offices of state.
1427Acts Jas. I (Scot.) §106 (1597) The King forbiddis, that onie of his lieges send onie expenses till ony barratour, that is now out-with the Realme.1867Longfellow Dante's Inf. xxi. 41 note, A Barrator, in Dante's use of the word, is..one who sells justice, office, or employment. Benvenuto says..Bontura was an arch-barrator.
2. A judge who takes bribes.
1864Webster cites Burrill.1867[see prec.]1884J. Sibbald Dante's Inf. xxii. 52 note, The barrators took toll of the administration of justice.
3. A ship's master who commits barratry (3).
1847in Craig.
II. [from barrat n. 3, ON. barátta.]
4. One who fights; esp. a hired bully. Obs.
a1400Sir Perc. 263 Kay the bolde baratour.1460J. Capgrave Chron. 264 The Kyng..sent into Chestirschire for baretores..that thei schuld com and have the kepying of his body.1577Holinshed Chron. II. 538 Such barretors as used to take monie to beat any man, and againe would not sticke to take monie of him whom they had so beaten, to beat him that first hired them to beat the other.1583Stanyhurst æneis i. (Arb.) 33 Hee sees with baretours Troy wals inuironed.
5. A quarrelsome person; one given to brawling and riot; a rowdy. Obs.
c1440Promp. Parv. 23 Baratowre, pugnax, rixosus, jurgosus.a1450Knt. de la Tour xxxvii. 53 Theues, usureres, bariters, ouerthwarteres.1502Arnold Chron. 90 Yf ther be ony comon ryator, barratur, or ony comon nyght walker wythout light.1662Fuller Worthies ii. 199 Wild Barretters who delight in brawls and blows.1714Scroggs Courts-leet 9 All common Barretors, Scolds, and other Breakers of the Peace.
fig. (of winds).1583Stanyhurst æneis i. (Arb.) 22 Dare ye loa, curst baretours..Too raise such raks iaks on seas?
III. (Combining II. and I.)
6. Law and gen. One who vexatiously raises, or incites to, litigation; a mover or maintainer of law-suits; one who from maliciousness, or for the sake of gain, raises discord between neighbours.
The action of a barrator consists, says Coke (On Litt. 368) ‘(1) in disturbance of the Peace; (2) in taking or keeping of possessions of Lands in controversie, not only by force, but also by subtiltie and a deceit, and most commonly in suppression of truth and right; (3) by false inuentions, and sowing of calumniations, rumors, and reports, etc.’
c1430Lydg. Bochas i. xii. (1554) 26 a, Simples which that cannot vary May neuer accord with a baratour.c1440Promp. Parv. 115 Debate maker, or baratour, incentor.1591Lambarde Arch. (1635) 188 No Sheriffe or Steward..shall suffer any Barettor, or maintainer of Quarrels, in their Countrie Courts, or other Courts.1642Fuller Holy & Prof. St. ii. xiii. 183 A Barreter is a horseleach that onely sucks the corrupted bloud of the law. He trades onely in tricks and quirks.1770Langhorne Plutarch (1879) II. 800/1 Those public barreters, who..make it their business to form impeachments.1809Tomlins Law Dict. s.v., A common solicitor, who solicits suits, is a common barretor.1855Macaulay Fredk. Gt. 80 The true wisdom of the great powers was to attack, not each other, but this common barrator.
7. transf. of things. Obs.
1624Bp. R. Montagu Gagg 146 ‘Mine’ and ‘thine’ are the common barretters of the world.1691Tryon Wisdom's Dict. 89 Intemperance..is the Common Barreter that disquiets private Families.
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