| 释义 |
Beothuk, n. and a.|ˈbeɪəθʊk|
Also † Bœothic, Boethic; Beothuck.
[ad. Beothuk beathook, recorded as their self-designation in 1819 by Rev. John Leigh (see J. Hewson, Beothuk Vocabularies, 1978, pp. 35, 44).]
A. n.
1. (A member of) an Indian people of Newfoundland, said to be extinct by 1827.
1828J. McGregor Hist. Maritime Colonies Brit. Amer. xvi. 206 The natives, now dwindled to a few families of Mic-macs, Mountaineers and Boethics (Red Indians) are not included. 1842R. H. Bonnycastle Newfoundland in 1842 II. xiv. 266 The bark of the spruce pine..was taken off, it being one of the customs of the Bœothics to use the inner bark as food. 1914F. G. Speck Beothuk & Micmac 15 The fame of the Beothuk seems to have reached regions quite distant from Newfoundland in Indian times. 1915J. P. Howley Beothucks 25 The poor Beothuck, armed only with his bow and arrow and spear, was no match for the fisherman with his deadly fire-arms. 1921Contemp. Rev. Feb. 188 Our settlers in Newfoundland were killing out the harmless Beothuks. 1932D. Jenness Indians of Canada xviii. 266 The Beothuk attempted to retaliate, but, armed only with bows and arrows, they could not withstand the combined attacks of white and Micmac, and the last known survivor died in captivity at St. Johns in 1829. 1968J. M. Murray Newfoundland Jrnl. Aaron Thomas x. 135 For the next sixty years succeeding governors tried to establish friendly relations between the settlers and the Beothucks. 1973Islander (Victoria, B.C.) 2 Dec. 14/1 The Beothuk, whose home was Newfoundland, are thought to be the first North American Indians to encounter the white man. Indeed, it is said that their use of red ochre on their bodies is what prompted the term, Red Indian.
2. The language of this people, perh. of Algonquian affiliation.
1856R. G. Latham in Trans. Philol. Soc. 58 The Bethuck is the native language of Newfoundland. 1886A. S. Gatschet in Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. XXIII. 411 There is no f in Beothuk. 1979I. Goddard in Campbell & Mithun Languages Native Amer. 107 The only conclusion possible is that the comparisons between Beothuk and Algonquian are not yet on firm ground. 1982Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics XXVII. ii. 175 If Beothuk is not Algonquian, what is it? It bears no greater resemblance to Eskimo or Iroquoian than it does to Algonquian, yet to say that it is an isolate just ignores the problem.
B. adj. Of, pertaining to, or designating the Beothuks or their language.
1842R. H. Bonnycastle Newfoundland in 1842 II. xiv. 264 In 1827, a society was formed in St. John's, called the Bœothic Society for the Civilization of the Native Savages. 1856R. G. Latham in Trans. Philol. Soc. 58 The collation of a Bethuck vocabulary enabled me to state that..it was Algonkin rather than aught else. 1885A. S. Gatschet in Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. XXII. 411 We possess but few notices conveying graphic sketches of the appearance and daily life of the Beothuk Indians. 1932D. Jenness Indians of Canada vii. 86 When the Beothuk Indians of Newfoundland moved out to the coast during the summer months they preferred to camp in small, sheltered bays that had freshwater streams at their heads and gravel or sandy beaches that offered good landing-places for the birch-bark canoes. 1968J. M. Murray Newfoundland Jrnl. Aaron Thomas x. 131 This description of Northern Newfoundland Indians almost certainly refers to Esquimos and not to the Beothuck Indians. 1971E. R. Seary Place Names Avalon Peninsula of Newfoundland ii. 19 Perhaps only three Beothuck names are to be found in the whole island. 1972Evening Telegram (St. John's, Newfoundland) 23 June 8/6 Volunteers have been working for over two years to gather artifacts on Beothuck and Dorset Eskimo cultures. |