| 释义 |
▪ I. bevel, a. and n.1|ˈbɛvəl|
Forms: 7 beuell, 8–9 bevil, 8– bevel; in Her. 6 beuile, 7–9 bevil(e.
[App. a. OF. *bevel, not found, but implied in the mod.F. beveau, beauveau, beuveau (in Boiste's Dict.), biveau (Littré), buveau (Cotgr., Littré, Boiste); of unknown derivation. Godefroy cites a single instance of a vb. bever, which he explains as ‘biaiser (i.e. to slope, make slanting): architectural term’; but this seems insecure. It is uncertain whether the adj. or n. is earlier: the order here is provisional.]
A. adj.
1. Her. Of a line: Broken so as to have two equal acute alternate angles; composed of two parallel portions joined at acute angles by an intermediate piece.
1562Leigh Armorie (1579) 78 b, Hee beareth party per pale Beuile, Or and purpure..He beareth party per Bend Beuile, Argent, and purpure.
2. Oblique; esp. at more than a right angle; sloping, slant, inclined from a right angle, or from a horizontal or vertical position.
c1600Shakes. Sonn. cxxi, I may be straight though they them-selues be beuel. 1677Moxon Mech. Exerc. (1703) 89 The Bevil..is used..for the striking such Bevil lines. 1679Plot Staffordsh. 368 The walls of the Chappel stand quite bevil to those of the Church. 1733Tull Horse-hoeing xxii. 148 The Mortise is bevel. [See bevel edge, etc., in C.] 1943L. MacNeice in Penguin New Writing XVI. 41 A bevel hill with..a cairn of stones. 1944Auden For Time Being (1945) 55 With bisson eye and bevel course.
B. n.
1. A common joiner's and mason's tool, consisting of a flat rule with a moveable tongue or arm stiffly jointed to one end, for setting off angles.
1611Cotgr., Buveau, a kind of Squire or Squire-like Instrument, hauing mouable, and compasse, branches; or th' one branch compasse and th' other straight; some call it a Beuell. 1677Moxon Mech. Exerc. (1703) 89 The Bevil..having its Tongue movable upon a Center, may be set to strike Angles of any..numbers of Degrees. 1823P. Nicholson Pract. Build. 386 The Bevel is employed in drawing the soffit line on the face of the bricks. 1876Blackie Songs Relig. & Life 221 Time 'tis none for square and bevel.
2. A slope from the right angle, an obtuse angle; a slope from the horizontal or vertical; a surface or part so sloping. In the mechanical arts, the defined slope or curve to which timber, etc. must be cut. (Sometimes bevel is technically applied to any angle exc. 90° and 45°.)
1677Moxon Mech. Exerc. (1703) 110 Any sloping Angle that is not a square, is called a Bevil. 1787Burns Tam Samson's El. iii, The brethren o' the mystic level May hing their head in wafu' bevel. 1793Smeaton Edystone L. §53 The upper bevil, or projection by way of cornice for throwing off the sea. 1851Ruskin Stones Ven. I. xvi. §13 In the outlook window the outside bevel downwards is essential. 1863Wynter Subtle Brains, etc. 274 [It] cut the plank to the exact size and bevil it was required to take.
3. Short for bevel-wheel (see C).
1870in Eng. Mech. 18 Mar. 652/3 This bevel gears with a horizontal bevel underneath the base.
4. Typogr. (A piece of metal used by stereotypers to form) the bevelled edge of a plate.
a1877Knight Dict. Mech. I. 278/2 Bevel.., a slug cast nearly type-high and with chamfered edges. Used by stereotypers. 1900H. Hart Cent. Typogr. 8 The above and also the plate used as a Frontispiece to the 1695..and 1706 Specimens, have no flanges or bevels, but are almost straight-cut at the edges.
C. Comb. and attrib., as bevel-angle (see quot.); bevel edge, the oblique edge of a chisel or similar tool; hence bevel-edged a.; bevel-gear, -gearing, gear for conveying motion by means of bevel-wheels from one shaft to another at an angle (usually a right angle) with it; bevel-joint, a sloping joint for uniting pieces of timber end to end; bevel-square (see B 1); bevel-tool, a turner's tool with a bevel-edge for forming grooves and tapers in wood; bevel-wheel, a toothed wheel whose working face, consisting of a frustum of a cone, is oblique with the axis, used to work in connexion with another bevel wheel, the shafts of the two being usually at right angles to each other; bevel-ways, -wise, adv. at a bevel.
1727–51Chambers Cycl., *Bevel-angle is used among the workmen, to denote any other angle but those of ninety or forty-five degrees.
1833Phillips Fam. Cycl. 1339/1 Wheels are denominated spur, crown, or *bevel-gear, according to the direction or position of the teeth.
c1790J. Imison Sch. Art I. 34 The Principle of *Bevel Geer, consists in two cones, rolling on the surface of each other.
1823P. Nicholson Pract. Build. 120 Other modes of continuing the length of timbers or beams is, by splicing them with a long *bevel-joint.
▪ II. † ˈbevel, n.2 Sc. Obs.
A staggering blow.
1603Philotus cxxxiv, Indeid thow sall beir mee a beuell. 1715Pennecuik Poems 92 (Jam.) And gave him..Three bevels till he gard him beck.
▪ III. ˈbevel, v.
Also 8 bevil.
[f. bevel n.1]
1. trans. To cut away or otherwise bring to a slope; to reduce (a square edge) to a more obtuse angle; often with away, off, etc.
1677Moxon Mech. Exerc. (1703) 109 You may..Bevil away the outer edges of the Pannels. 1802Paley Nat. Theol. x. (1827) 474/2 The same rings are bevelled off at the upper and lower edges. 1851Ruskin Stones Ven. I. xvi. §11 The wall is to be bevelled on the outside so as to increase the range of sight as far as possible. 1884Tennyson Becket 171 All was planed and bevell'd smooth again.
fig.1874Blackie Self-Cult. 16 To bevel down the corners of a character so constituted by a little æsthetical culture.
2. intr. To recede in a slope from the right angle; to slant.
1679Plot Staffordsh. 168 In the whole length it did not bevel, or depart from a true level, above an inch. 1727Swift Gulliver iii. ii. 188 Their houses are very ill built, the walls bevil, without one right angle in any apartment. 1862Tyndall Mountaineer. vii. 63 At one place, however, the precipice bevels off to a steep incline of smooth rock. |