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▪ I. sacrilege, n.1|ˈsækrɪlɪdʒ|
Forms: 3–4 sacrilage, 4 sacre-, sacrylage, sacrilegge, 4–6 sacrylege, 5 sacrilag, 6 sacrileage, Sc. sacralege, 6–7 sacriledge, -lidge, 7 sacrileg, 3– sacrilege.
[a. OF. sacrilege (12th c. in Hatz.-Darm.; mod.F. sacrilège) = Sp., Pg., It. sacrilegio, ad. L. sacrilegium, f. sacrileg-us one who steals sacred things or commits sacrilege, f. sacri-, sacer sacred + -leg-, legĕre to gather, after the phrase sacrum or sacra legere to purloin sacred objects, to commit sacrilege.]
1. The crime or sin of stealing or misappropriating what is consecrated to God's service. In ecclesiastical use, extended to include any kind of outrage on consecrated persons or things, and the violation of any obligation having a sacramental character, or recognized as under the special protection of the Church. Also, an instance of this offence.
In mediæval writings the classification of ‘sacrilege’ as a branch of avarice, which is based on the primary meaning of the term, is somewhat inconsistently combined with an enumeration of the varieties of sacrilege implying the wider sense explained above. Cf., e.g. Ayenbite pp. 40–41 Chaucer's Parson's Tale ⁋727–9.
a1300Cursor M. 27840 O couaitise..cums..sacrilege, to reue or stele Of halud thing. Ibid. 27946. 1303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 8608 Þey þat haue cherches broke, And stole þo þynges þat were þer-ynne, ‘Sacrylage’ men calle þat synne. 1382Wyclif 2 Macc. iv. 39 Many sacrilegis don in the temple. c1440Jacob's Well 160 An-oþer is sacrilege, þat is, brekyng of þe sacrament of holy cherche. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 18 Some..for theyr pryde and sacrilege, god suffreth oftentymes to make an ende lyke as a beest. 1632Sanderson Serm. 381 The stinke of their divelish sacriledge in robbing the Church. 1649Howell Pre-em. Parl. 9 Rufus (who came to such a disastrous end, as to be shot to death in lieu of a Buck for his sacriledges). 1734tr. Rollin's Anc. Hist. xix. (1827) VIII. 326 After this adding sacrilege to profanation he carried away the altar of incense. 1827Southey Hist. Penins. War II. 239 In consideration of the sacrileges which the enemy committed..they were enlisting the peasantry. 1838Arnold Hist. Rome (1846) I. xxi. 457 An unscrupulous sacrilege, which appropriated the very offerings to the Gods, so made, to his own individual uses. 1875Manning Mission H. Ghost ix. 235 The very books that are used in the worship of God are Sacred. The man who steals them is guilty of sacrilege.
b. spec. in popular use as a name for robbery from a church or other place of worship.
The term is not technically used in Eng. Law, though formerly special penalties were imposed for the offence. From the 17th c. a robbery from a church has been regarded legally as a ‘larceny’ or a ‘burglary’ according to the circumstances.
1820John Bull 17 Dec. 8/2 Norwich.—Sacrilege is now very common, the churches of Carbrook and Eaton were broken into; out of the former the thieves stole all the plate, communion cloth and surplice. Mod. newspaper, Sacrilege at Middleton.
2. transf. and fig. The profanation of anything held sacred.
1390Gower Conf. II. 371 The cause why that he so doth Is forto stele an herte or tuo,..And as I seide it hier above, Al is that Sacrilege of love. 1529More Dyaloge iv. Wks. 267/1 That it is as Luther sayth, great sinne and sacrilege to go about to please god by good woorkes, and not by onely fayth. 1548tr. Viret's Expos. XII Art. Chr. Faith B j b, That were a greate blasphemie & sacrilege to haue suche an opinion of God as to think that [etc.]. 1623Fletcher Rule a Wife v. i, 'Tis sacrilege to violate a wed⁓lock, You rob two Temples. a1678Marvell Upon Appleton House, 'T'were Sacrilege a man to admit To holy things, for heaven fit. 1858Froude Hist. Eng. xix. IV. 193 To kill a herald was, by the law of arms, sacrilege. 1874J. T. Micklethwaite Mod. Par. Churches 204 Almost every stone..is a historical monument, which it would be sacrilege to remove or destroy.
▪ II. † sacrilege, n.2 Obs. exc. poet.
[ad. L. sacrileg-us: see sacrilege n.1]
One who is guilty of sacrilege.
1491Caxton Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) i. xl. 61 b/2 Yf ony defaylled there that hadde not ben atte theyr laste seruyce, They were reputed and holden as Sacryleges. 1556Olde Antichrist 74 They bewray themselues..to be theues and sacrileges. 1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. iv. xxxiii. 155 He was aswel condemned to death, as if he had bin a murtherer, or sacriledge. 1802W. S. Landor Poetry 7 Thrown prostrate on the earth, the Sacrilege Rais'd up his head astounded.
▪ III. sacrilege, v. rare.|ˈsækrɪlɪdʒ|
[f. sacrilege n.]
trans. To commit sacrilege upon. Hence † ˈsacrileging ppl. a.
1554Latimer in Strype Eccl. Mem. (1822) III. ii. 293 Wherfor stande from the aulter you sacrileginge (I shulde have said you sacrificinge) preistes. 1578Florio 1st Fruites 73 The ende of warre is this,..churches are profanizated and sacrileged. 1778Hist. Eliza Warwick I. 10 Lord Huntley will not be tempted to sacrilege the temple—to storm a convent. 1866J. B. Rose tr. Ovid's Met. 92 Thou didst rend Pentheus, and him thy rites who sacrileged Lycurgus. |