| 释义 |
▪ I. bull-dog, n.
(Also 6 bold-dogge.) Often without hyphen (as one word) esp. in transf. uses.
[f. bull n.1 + dog; because used in bull-baiting, or ? from the shape of the head.
With the oldest spelling bolddogge, compare ‘Hic molossus, a bonddoge’, a1500in Wr.-Wülcker 758.]
1. a. A dog of a bold and fierce breed, with large bull-head, short muzzle, strong muscular body of medium height, and short smooth hair, formerly much used for bull-baiting.
c1500Cocke Lorelles B. 2 Than came one wt two bold-dogges at his tayle. 1752Hume Ess. & Treat. (1777) I. 216 The courage of bull-dogs and game-cocks seems peculiar to England. 1828Scott F.M. Perth II. 279 What are the useful properties of this fellow Bonthron? Those of a bull-dog..he worries without barking. 1863Kingsley Water-bab. i. 5 He would be..a master sweep..and keep a white bull-dog with one grey ear.
b. attrib. and quasi-adj., as bull-dog breed.
1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. 588 That bulldog courage which flinches from no danger. 1857C. Kingsley Two Years Ago II. iv. 67 Knowing him to be of the original British bull-dog breed, which, once stroked against the hair, shows his teeth at you for ever afterwards. 1871Standard 18 Jan., Can Paris wait even until the bull-dog spirit of this hard-dying chief is able once more to show itself? 1897F. McGlennon Sons of Sea 4 Sons of the Sea! All British born!..boys of the bull-dog breed Who made old England's name. 1940‘G. Orwell’ Inside Whale 40 The typical English boasting, the..‘bulldog breed’..style of talk.
c. transf. Applied to persons: One that possesses the obstinate courage of the bulldog. Hence ˈbulldoggy a., and ˈbulldogism (nonce-wds.).
1863Kingsley Water-bab. iv. 138 Tom was always a brave, determined little English bull-dog, who never knew when he was beaten. 1858Chamb. Jrnl. X. 20 Tom..was an English youth of about my own age, but a great deal more bulldoggy. 1852Savage R. Medlicott ii. vi. (D.) He possessed the element of bulldogism also.
d. Stock Exchange jargon. bulldog bond, a sterling bond issued by an overseas borrower. Also bulldog issue, bull-dog market, etc., and absol.
1980Financial Weekly 1 Aug. 23/5 Denmark's {pstlg}75m sterling bond..is the first ‘bulldog’ bond (domestic sterling issue for a foreign borrower) to be made since 1962. 1981Times 27 Apr. 17/1 The World Bank is expected to announce a {pstlg}100m bond issue this week on the domestic sterling market, the first such ‘bulldog’ issue by the bank in a decade. 1981Daily Tel. 9 June 19 Some ‘bulldogs’, like those issued by the World Bank.., have held up relatively well in the recent shake-out. 1982Financial Times 22 Mar. 1/6 This will be the second time the World Bank has tapped what is known as the bulldog market—the domestic sterling bond sector open to foreign borrowers. 1983Times 9 Apr. 14/3 Neither corporate bonds nor bulldogs seem to be in the offing. The last bulldog issued, that for Sweden, is now at a premium of {pstlg}81/4. 1984Daily Tel. 27 Mar. 17/3 Finland is making its second venture into the domestic sterling bond market with a {pstlg}50 million 25-year partly paid ‘bulldog’ issue which is priced to yield about 11.75 p.c. to redemption.
2. † A sheriff's officer (obs.); one of the Proctors' attendants at the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge. colloq.
1698Farquhar Love & Bottle iii. 2 He would have put me off, so I sent for a couple of bull-dogs, and arrested him. 1823Lockhart Reg. Dalton i. x. (1842) 59 Long forgotten stories about proctors bit, and bull-dogs baffled. 1884G. Allen Str. Stories 289 It was quite a fortnight before I [senior proctor] could face my own bulldogs unabashed.
3. transf. Applied humorously to a cannon or other firearm; in mod. use, a particular kind of revolver. Cf. barker. Also attrib.
1700Farquhar Const. Couple iii. i, He whips out his Stiletto and I whips out my bull-dog. 1820Scott Abbot xvi, A plague..on cannon and demi-cannon, and all the barking bulldogs whom they halloo against stone and lime in these our days! 1824― St. Ronan's II. 191 (D.), ‘I have always a brace of bull-dogs about me’..so saying he exhibited a very handsome, highly finished..pair of pistols. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Bull-dog or Muzzled Bull-dog, the great gun which stands ‘housed’ in the officer's ward-room cabin. General term for main-deck guns. 1881Daily News 27 Oct. 6/2 Revolver cartridges of the ordinary ‘bulldog’ pattern.
4. An insect:
a. A kind of gad-fly (American). In full bull-dog fly.
b. A kind of ant; also bulldog ant (Australian).
1792P. Turnor Jrnl. (1934) 488 A kind of fly..called bull dogs. 1848R. M. Ballantyne Hudson's Bay (ed. 2) vii. 147 The whole room was filled with mosquitoes and bull⁓dog flies. 1853E. Clacy Gold Diggings Austr. xvi. 249 The largest [ants] are called by the old colonists, ‘bull⁓dogs’, and formidable creatures they are. 1860W. B. Clarke Res. S. Gold Fields N.S.W. vii. 120 It was difficult to find a spot on which to lay our blankets, on account of the ‘Bull Dog Ants’. 1865Vis. Milton & W. Cheadle Northw. Passage 219 The ‘bull-dog’ or tabanus, is a large fly..with a long body, banded with yellow..and its mouth is armed with a formidable cutting apparatus of four lancets. 1881Cheq. Career 324 The ‘bull-dog’ ant and the ‘soldier’ are about on a par as regards venom. 1883St. James' Gaz. 19 Apr., ‘Bull⁓dogs’ (a large horse-fly) render existence almost unendurable.
5. In Iron-works. See quot.; also in comb. bulldog-burner.
1881Raymond Mining Gloss., Bulldog, a refractory material used as furnace-lining, got by calcining mill-cinder, and containing silica and ferric oxide. 1884Times 8 Jan., The ‘bulldog burner’..is one of the hands in ironworks whose duty it is to roast the refuse cinder (called ‘bulldog’) which is necessary for the fettling of the puddling furnace.
6. pl. An old name of the Snap-dragon (Antirrhinum).
1861Miss Pratt Flower. Pl. IV. 124 Great Snapdragon..Bull-dogs, Lion's-snap..are also old names of the plant.
7. a. bulldog forceps. ‘Forceps with a spring catch..the extremity of one blade pointed, of the other notched, for the reception of the point’. Syd. Soc. Lex.
1880MacCormac Antisept. Surg. 166 He was led from the use of the old ‘bull-dogs’ to the convenient and powerful clamp forceps he has now employed.
b. Used (freq. attrib.) of a clip or other fastening having a strong closure.
1908Sears, Roebuck Catal. 204/3 Bull Dog Wire Grip. The more you pull the tighter it grips. 1923Man. Seamanship II. 307 Special screw clamps, after the fashion of bull-dog grips. 1943Trade Marks Jrnl. 26 May No. 3400 224/2 (heading) Bulldog, B 620,897 metal clips being articles of stationery..6th Nov. 1942 [date of registration]. 1944‘N. Shute’ Pastoral ii. 28 Messages and signal forms in bulldog clips. 1969D. Clark Nobody's Perfect v. 153 Her invoices hung in large bulldog clips from hooks on the walls.
8. slang. A sugar-loaf.
1812J. H. Vaux Flash Dict., Bull-dog, a sugar-loaf.
9. In full bull-dog pipe. A short tobacco-pipe of brier-wood.
1885A. Edwardes Girton Girl I. iv. 84 The pipe was a black, ferociously Bohemian-looking ‘bulldog’. 1900W. C. Morrow Bohemian Paris 306 Three-days-in-Paris English tourists wearing knickerbockers and golf-caps, and always smoking bulldog pipes. 1966L. J. Braun Cat who could read Backwards (1967) v. 56 ‘I use a pipe.’ Qwilleran searched for his quarter-bend bulldog and his tobacco pouch.
10. bull-dog edition, the earliest edition of a daily or Sunday newspaper. U.S.
1926Nation 13 Oct. 342/2 This story got into the bull-dog edition of one of the papers before he could finish his midnight rounds. 1934D. Wilkie Amer. Secret Service Agent iii. 33 That night I took the bulldog edition with my spread to a restaurant where the newspaper men congregated.
▪ II. bull-dog, v.
Chiefly U.S.
[f. the n.]
trans. To attack like a bull-dog; to assail or treat roughly; spec. to wrestle with and throw (a steer or other animal). Hence ˈbull-ˌdogger, ˈbull-ˌdogging.
1842Congress. Globe 29 Apr. 457/3 Mr. Whitney had not been ‘dogged’ to the door of the committee-room, but, when inside, he had been ‘bull-dogged’ with a vengeance. Ibid. 4 May 478/1, I made the reply about bull-dogging for the gentleman from Virginia. 1883Meredith Let. 20 July (1970) II. 706 Greenwood..is bull-dogging France. 1907Outing (U.S.) Dec. 329/1 ‘No more necked calves,’ they announced, ‘catch 'em by the hind legs, or bull-dog 'em yourself.’ 1907S. E. White Arizona Nights i. viii. 148 The two ‘bull-doggers’ immediately pounced upon the victim. Ibid. 151 One of the men..reached well over the animal's [sc. a calf's] back to get a slack of the loose hide next the belly, lifted strongly, and tripped. This is called ‘bull⁓dogging’. 1953R. Campbell Mamba's Precipice viii. 94 He wasn't as good as Antonio..in bulldogging them by the horns and throwing them on their sides. 1963Times 7 Mar. 9/4 A wonderful exhibition of..bulldogging (leaping from a horse and throwing a running bull to the ground). |