| 释义 |
▪ I. calender, n.1|ˈkæləndə(r)|
Also 6 calander, calendre, 8 calendar, 9 callender.
[a. F. calandre:—med.L. calendra, celendra, L. cylindrus, a. Gr. κύλινδρος roller, cylinder. In sense 1 app. a corrupt form of calenderer, calendrer.]
†1. One who calenders cloth; a calenderer. Obs.
1513Act 5 Hen. VIII, iv. §1 The said Strangers, called Dry Calanders..use the said dry calandring of Worsted. 1574Life Abp. Canterb. B vij b marg. note, A scourer or Calender off worsteddes of Norwich. 1705Hearne Collect. 6 Aug. (O.H.S.) I. 26 A fire hapen'd..in a Calender's House. 1782Cowper Gilpin 24 My good friend the calender Will lend his horse to go.
2. A machine in which cloth, paper, etc., is pressed under rollers for the purpose of smoothing or glazing; also for watering or giving a wavy appearance, etc.
1688Miege Gt. Fr. Dict., Calender, calendre. 1708in Kersey. 1751Chambers Cycl., Calender is also used for watering, or giving the waves to tabbies and mohairs. Ibid. Supp. s.v., At Paris they have an extraordinary machine of this kind, called the royal calender. 1791Hamilton Berthollet's Dyeing I. i. iii. x. 295 The impressions of the calender, under which stuffs are passed to water them. 1802Hull Advertiser 25 Dec. 2/3 A valuable Callender, complete. 1875Encycl. Brit. III. 818/1 When it is desired to finish cloth with a stiff or with a glazed finish..it is finished in the calender.
3. attrib. & Comb., as calender-house, calender-mill, calender-roll.
1727Swift Furth. Acc. E. Curll Wks. 1755 III. i. 157 The calendar-mill-room at Exeter-change. 1875Ure Dict. Arts I. 576 The arrangements..are generally conducted at the calender houses where goods are finished. 1882W. C. Smith Hilda iii. 125 'Twas a school of the calender kind, Meant to put a fine gloss on the mind. 1884Pall Mall G. 25 Nov. 6/1 It [paper] is passed between calender rolls of chilled steel, which, by tremendous pressure, give it an even and polished surface.
▪ II. ˈcalender, n.2
Also kalender.
[ad. Pers. qalandar, of unknown origin.]
One of a mendicant order of dervishes in Turkey and Persia.
[1614Selden Titles Hon. 378 The Turkish Calendarlar (a kind of Monkish Order) wear in their Caps long Horse⁓haires hanging.] 1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1677) 70 Thirty Nobles in the habit of Pilgrim Kalenders. 1724Arab. Nights (1812) I. 35 There are three calenders at the gate..they are all blind of the right eye. 1837Penny Cycl. VIII. 430/1 Frequently the Calenders go about half naked, with their skin painted red or black.
▪ III. † ˈcalender, n.3 Obs. rare—1.
[a. F. calandre weevil:—med.L. calandrus ‘gryllus, cicada, curculio’ (Du Cange).]
A corn-weevil.
1708in Kersey. 1725Bradley Fam. Dict. II. s.v. Preserving Corn, Mites, Weevils and Calenders.
▪ IV. ˈcalender, v.
Forms: 6 calandre, calendre, 7 calander, callendre, 7– calender.
[a. F. calandre-r, f. calandre; see calender n.1]
trans. To pass through a calender; to press (cloth, paper, etc.) between rollers, for the purpose of smoothing, glazing, etc.
1513Act 5 Hen. VIII, iv, Worsteds which been..shorn, dyed, and calandred. 1523Act 14 & 15 Hen. VIII, iii. §10 The sayd craftes men..shall not..calendre any worstedes. 1696J. F. Merchant's Wareho. 17 Frize..is not Callendred, or thickned as other Cloths. 1880Print. Times 15 Feb. 31/2 The paper..must be heavily calendered before being used.
Hence ˈcalendered ppl. a., ˈcalendering vbl. n. (also attrib.).
1513Act 5 Hen. VIII, iv. §1 The said dry Calandring is scorned and abhorred. 1832Babbage Econ. Manuf. viii. (ed. 3) 54 Establishments for calendering and embossing. 1850Smiles Self Help ii. 35 A woman who kept a calendering machine. 1878Cornell Rev. Feb. 188 Beautifully printed on fine calendered paper.
▪ V. calender(e
obs. form of calendar. |