| 释义 |
pyknic, a.|ˈpɪknɪk|
Also pycnic.
[f. Gr. πυκνός thick, close-packed + -ic.]
In Kretschmer's theory of human physical and corresponding temperamental types, designating a stocky physique with a rounded body and head, thickset trunk, and a tendency to fat, usu. accompanied by a cycloid temperament; also absol., a person belonging to this type. Cf. asthenic a. b; athletic a. 3; leptosomic a. Phr. pyknic practical joke (see quot. 1964).
1925W. J. H. Sprott tr. Kretschmer's Physique & Character i. ii. 29 The pyknic type..is characterised by the pronounced peripheral development of the body cavities (head, breast, and stomach), and a tendency to..fat about the trunk. Ibid., The pyknics tend emphatically to a covering of fat. 1940W. H. Sheldon Varieties of Human Physique (1963) iii. 32 Much of the confusion associated with Kretschmer's terminology arises from the fact that his term ‘pyknic’ actually applies to a physique combining endomorphy and mesomorphy. 1942― Varieties of Temperament iv. 109 The mother was a PPJ (pyknic practical joke). She was slim-waisted and active.., but after the first pregnancy she came into her full endomorphic blossom. 1958A. R. Radcliffe-Brown Method in Social Anthropol. i. iv. 103 Psychiatry affords an example of a ‘special psychology’, as do attempts to define psychological ‘types’—..pycnic, asthenic. 1960J. Comas Man. Physical Anthropol. vi. 340 A well-developed thorax predominates over the shoulders in the pyknic type. 1964L. J. Bischof Interpreting Personality Theories (1970) xi. 431 Pyknic practical joke (PPJ).., the PPJ refers to a person who has a muscular mesomorphic body in adolescence but in later life balloons out into obesity to become an endomorph. 1971J. Z. Young Introd. Study Man. xxxix. 576 Kretschmer..found that his pyknics tended to be what Jung called extroverted. 1975A. Ferraro in S. Arieti Amer. Handbk. Psychiatry (ed. 2) IV. 103/1 Badia found that the megalosplanchnic type of Viola, or pycnic type of Kretschmer, discloses a tendency to chronic changes in the blood vessels of the heart. |