| 释义 |
▪ I. cask, n.|kɑːsk, -æ-|
Also 6–7 caske.
[app. a. F. casque masc. ‘the head-peece tearmed a caske’ (Cotgr.), ad. Sp. casco ‘a caske or burganet, also a head, a pate, a skonce, an earthen pot, sheard or galley cup’ (Minsheu), which Diez thinks derived from cascar to break into pieces, with the original sense of ‘something broken, sherd’. The meaning ‘head-piece, burgonet’ coincides with sense 4 (in later times also spelt casque, as in French); but sense 1 appears only in Eng., and its origin is not clear. Cf. also casket.]
1. a. The general term for a wooden vessel of a cylindrical form, usually bulging in the middle, and of greater length than breadth, formed of curved staves bound together by hoops, with flat ends or ‘heads’; a barrel. Cf. barrel n. 1.
[1526–56cited in Rogers Agric. & Prices III. 167/1. 574/4. 1548 cited from Procl. Edw. VI, in Strype Eccl. Mem. II. 193.] 1557Tottell's Misc. (Arb.) 153 New wine will search to finde a vent, Although the caske be neuer so strong. 1633T. James Voy. 80 With our Caske to Buoy her off. 1660S. Fisher Rusticks Alarm Wks. (1697) 583 Empty Casks, that ever sound the loudest among their shallow Waters. 1708J. Philips Cider ii. (R.) Entertained With foreign vintage from his cider cask. 1816J. Smith Panorama Sc. & Art II. 824 This cask must have a bung about an inch and a half from the bottom. 1853Sir H. Douglas Mil. Bridges 246 Let the bung diameter of a cask be 34 inches, its head diameter 27 inches, and its length 50 inches.
†b. collect. Casks collectively; ‘the commodity or provision of casks’ (J.). Obs.
1598Hakluyt Voy. I. 300 (R.) Because we be not sure what timber they shall find there to make caske, we have laden in these ships 140 tunnes emptie caske, that is 94 tunnes shaken caske, and 46 tunnes whole. 1695Lond. Gaz. No. 3109/3 Having thrown over-board her Boat, Guns, and several Cask. 1745P. Thomas Jrnl. Anson's Voy. 28 We righted her by shifting some of our full Cask and Iron Ballast.
c. A cask and its contents; hence as a measure of capacity, varying according to place, time, and commodity.
1727–51Chambers Cycl. s.v., A cask of almonds is about three hundred weight. 1740Somerville Hobbinol i. (1749) 117 To broach his mellow Cask. 1752Hume Ess. & Treat. (1777) I. 228 Negroes..sell..their wives and mistresses, for a cask of brandy. 1863Morton Cycl. Agric. (E.D.S.) Cask of cider, usually 110 gallons. 1887Whitaker's Almanack 408 In 1885 British Guiana exported of molasses 10,349 casks.
2. fig.
1598E. Guilpin Skial. (1878) 45 Philosophy Hauing so well fore-season'd thy minds caske. c1600Distracted Emp. iv. iii. in Bullen O. Pl. (1884) III. 237 A verye windye caske of emptynes. 1857Heavysege Saul (1869) 216 Ye binding hoops that bind the cask o' the soul.
†3.
a. = casket.
b. Case, shell. Obs.
1593Shakes. 2 Hen. VI, iii. ii. 409 A Jewell lockt into the wofullst Caske That euer did containe a thing of worth. 1646R. Baillie Anabapt. (1647) 150 Not denying the shell and the cask to them who enjoy the kirnell and the pearl. 1647Ward Simp. Cobler 28 Continually putting up English-women into Out-landish caskes [= garments]. 1650Fuller Pisgah i. iv. 10 Wax, the cask of honey. 1727A. Hamilton New Acc. E. Ind. I. xxiv. 296 The Fibres of the Cask that environs the Nut.
†4.
a. A head-piece or helmet; = casque. Obs.
1580Sidney Arcadia ii. 325 A strong caske..with which he covered his head. 1598Barret Theor. Warres v. ii. 142 A strong cask with his open visier. 1606Shakes. Tr. & Cr. v. ii. 169. a 1649 Drummond of Hawthornden Hist. Jas. V Wks. (1711) 105 Their casks, corslets, and vantbraces. 1696[see casque]. 1776Pall Mall G. 26 Aug. (1870) 4 The infantry should have casks and cuirasses made of strong leather.
†b. as a type of military life or authority.
1607Shakes. Cor. iv. vii. 43 Nature..not moouing From th' Caske to th' Cushion.
5. attrib. and Comb., as cask-body, cask-head, cask maker, cask-steamer, cask-washer; cask-like adj.; cask-conditioned a., of beer: that has been aged by traditional methods in the wood: see real ale s.v. real a.2 4 b.
1886Pall Mall G. 21 Sept. 2/1 The ordinary cask butter from Cork market.
1874Spons' Dict. Engin. viii. 2919 Having thus far followed the shaping of the staves, and the conversion of the same into cask bodies, it will be necessary to direct our attention to the formation of cask-heads.
1975Guardian 12 Sept. 14/4 Some companies use the words ‘draught beer’ to cover both cask-conditioned beer and keg. 1985Financial Times 19 Nov. 18/7 A completely modern brewhouse capable of using the latest technology..to produce traditional cask conditioned beer.
1874[see cask body above]. 1905Daily Chron. 10 Oct. 2/5 The old-fashioned cask-heads with the familiar legend of ‘Fine old Port’.
1598E. Guilpin Skial. (1878) 64 Empty caske like minds.
1856Kane Arct. Expl. I. xvii. 209 Old cask-staves.
1881Instr. Census Clerks (1885) 61 Cask Washer, Steamer. 1891Daily News 12 Feb. 2/8 A cask-washer, employed at the Berkshire Brewery. 1921Dict. Occup. Terms (1927) §459 Washer, barrel; cask washer..(i) cask steamer; rolls barrels to feed end of washing machine..(ii) cleans barrels by pouring water and stone into them.
▪ II. cask, v.1 trans.|kɑːsk, -æ-|
[f. prec.]
To put into a cask (or obs. a casket, box).
1562Act 5 Eliz. v. §6 Any Herring, being not sufficiently salted, packed and casked. 1596Nashe Saffron Walden Wks. (Grosart) III. 204 Doctor Perne is caskt vp in lead, and cannot arise to plead for himselfe. 1749Wealth Gt. Britain 55 They are..casking..the fish. 1879Baring-Gould Germany II. 86 Casking this costly drink for men.
Hence casked ppl. a.; casking vbl. n. (also casks collectively; in pl. wines in casks).
1624Capt. Smith Virginia iii. xi. 86 Searching our casked corne. 1791Smeaton Edystone L. §206 What quantity of casking would hold a given quantity of burnt lime was a matter untried.
▪ III. † cask, v.2 Obs. rare—1.
[? ad. Sp. cascar.]
? To crack, break in pieces.
1600Weakest to the Wall (1618) (N.) This hand Now shaking with the palsie, caske the bever Of my proud foe. |