| 释义 |
serum|ˈsɪərəm|
Pl. sera |ˈsɪərə|, serums |ˈsɪərəmz|.
[L. = whey, watery fluid.]
1. a. Watery animal fluid, normal or morbid; spec. blood-serum, the greenish yellow liquid which separates from the clot when blood coagulates.
1672Wiseman Treat. Wounds i. 59 That morning I let her bloud, taking away about 10. ounces with a rotten Serum upon it. 1678J. Brown Disc. Wounds 272 Being as the Hearts Marsupium, it being wounded, it loseth its store of Serum, whereby the Heart is kept moyst. 1701J. Peter Truth 36 Every Body useth the Salt..to purge the Serum off, about the finishing of their Water-drinking. 1707Floyer Physic. Pulse-Watch 202 All Pains are to be Cured by removing of the Cause, as Inflammations, Sizy Serum. 1793Beddoes Obs. Calculus 230 The blood..coagulated immediately... A small quantity of greenish serum was separated. 1813J. Thomson Lect. Inflam. 401 This swelling depends partly..on the effusion of serum into the interstices of the cellular membrane. 1865Livingstone Zambesi iii. 83 It brought out serum as black as porter, as if the blood had been impregnated with bile. 1872T. Bryant Pract. Surg. 444 The epidermis is raised by a small quantity of purulent serum.
b. Therapeutics. The blood serum of an animal used as a therapeutic or diagnostic agent.
1895Brit. Med. Jrnl. 20 July 181/1 The antitoxic serums prepared at the Pasteur Institute in Paris. Ibid. 16 Nov. 1253/1 The physiological action of the serums of tuberculised sheep is remarkably different in guinea-pigs and rabbits. 1910Lancet 26 Mar. 861/2 The sera employed included anti-streptococcic serum, anti-diphtheritic serum, anti-tetanic serum.
2. a. attrib. (of 1), as serum albumin (cf. seralbumen), serum-globulin.
1876tr. Wagner's Gen. Pathol. 526 Leube has noticed the appearance of albumen and even of serum-albumen in the sweat of four patients. 1896Allbutt's Syst. Med. I. 825 Of the various forms of albumin, serumalbumin is constantly found. 1897Ibid. IV. 303 Serum albumin and globulin being also present. 1904Brit. Med. Jrnl. 10 Sept. 562 Hahn could find no difference between the serum and histon blood. Ibid. 566, 0.24 and 0.48 mg. of acid reduce the serum agglutinability to one thirty-third of its normal value.
b. attrib. and Comb. (of 1 b); esp. applied to treatment by means of serum. serum jaundice, serum rash, serum urticaria; serum broth Bacteriology, a broth (broth n. 1 c) containing added serum.
1886Crookshank Pract. Bacteriol. 29 Serum-steriliser. Ibid. 30 Serum Inspissator. 1893Lancet 21 Oct. 1036/2 Serum Injections in Tetanus. 1894Ibid. 17 Nov. 1189/2 The Serum Treatment of Diphtheria in Russia. 1895Brit. Med. Jrnl. 16 Nov. 1253/1 Serumtherapy in Tuberculosis. 1897Trans. Amer. Pediatric Soc. IX. 44 A bacteriological diagnosis of diphtheria..by means of the incubator and Loeffler serum tube. 1898J. Hutchinson in Archives Surg. IX. 328 A serum-injection treatment. 1905Practitioner May 665 The duration of serum urticaria varies within somewhat wide limits. 1908Glasgow Med. Jrnl. LXIX. 277 The most obvious and constant features of the symptom-complex are the skin eruptions, or serum rash. 1934L. E. H. Whitby Med. Bacteriol. (ed. 2) ix. 109 Salicin serum broth..is an excellent selective medium for Streptococcus pyogenes. 1945Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 28 July 911/1 (heading) Transmission experiments in serum jaundice and infectious hepatitis. 1979H. McLeave Borderline Case v. 53 The tubes of serum broth and tissue culture supplied by WHO.
c. Used attrib. (with or without a following hyphen) to denote (the concentration of) substances in the serum.
1958J. B. Miale Lab. Med.—Hematol. viii. 372 When the iron deficiency is caused by inadequate utilization of iron a decreased serum iron concentration and increased storage of iron in the tissues are usually seen. 1959Jrnl. Physiol. CXLVI. 353 All the serum proteins are capable of binding thyroxine to some extent. 1960Leavell & Thorup Clin. Hematol. iv. 187 The normal level of serum bilirubin on cord blood is considered to be from 0·8 to 2·6 mg. per 100 ml. 1961Lancet 26 Aug. 492/2 Treatment of atherosclerosis..may best be directed towards improving fat tolerance as well as reducing specific serum⁓lipid fractions. Ibid. 2 Sept. 499/1 The associations of high serum-cholesterol levels with coronary heart-disease do not necessarily indicate any causal relationship. 1962Ibid. 22 Dec. 1293/1 There was no correlation on admission between the degree of weight deficit and the serum⁓transaminase levels. 1977J. F. Fixx Compl. Bk. Running i. 5 In Southern California not long ago, fifty-eight doctors were given physical exams... More than half had high serum lipid levels.
d. Special Combs.: serum agglutination, agglutination of antigens by components of serum; serum disease, serum sickness; serum hepatitis, a viral hepatitis transmitted by injections of blood serum; serum reaction, serum sickness; serum sickness [tr. G. serumkrankheit (C. von Pirquet 1903, in Wiener klin. Wochenschr. XVI. 1244/2)], anaphylactic reaction to injected foreign serum.
1914Jrnl. Hygiene XIV. 264 In order to be able to observe *serum agglutination and acid agglutination with the same bacterial extract the bacilli from a 24 to 48 hrs. agar slope were washed off with 10 c.c. of distilled water and the resulting emulsion was centrifuged. 1970W. H. Parker Health & Dis. in Farm Animals xii. 161 An infected cow will give a positive reaction to the serum agglutination test.
1908Glasgow Med. Jrnl. LXIX. 277 (heading) The *serum disease in man after single and repeated doses. 1951Serum disease [see serum sickness below].
1943Lancet 16 Jan. 83/1 (heading) Measles serum hepatitis. 1946Med. Clinics N. Amer. XXX. 1408 ‘Virus hepatitis’..includes both infectious hepatitis..and homologous *serum hepatitis. 1971New Scientist 25 Mar. 676/1 This work promises a screening method which should help eliminate the danger of serum hepatitis developing after blood transfusions.
1905Practitioner May 664 In cases of relapse, or of a second attack of diphtheria, the *serum reaction may be very marked.
1916Arch. Internal Med. XVIII. 497 Most of the cases of *serum sickness occurred during convalescence from pneumonia. 1951B. Schick tr. von Pirquet & Schick's Serum Sickness i. 5 We have abandoned the expression ‘serum exanthema’... In its place we have proposed the name ‘serum disease’ or ‘serum sickness’. 1970W. H. Parker Health & Dis. in Farm Animals xxi. 289 The most important practical significance of anaphylaxis in farm animals is that in the treatment of disease ‘serum sickness’ may follow the repeated use of serum from another species. |