| 释义 |
severally, adv.|ˈsɛvərəlɪ|
[f. several a. + -ly2.]
1. Separately, individually; each of a number of persons or things by himself or itself; each successively or in turn.
(a) with distributive adj. or pron.
1399Rolls of Parlt. III. 451/1 The Answeres of certeins Lordes..ware herd, iche man severallyche by hymself. a1533Frith Disput. Purgat. Wks. (1573) 13/2 Let us see how he aunswereth the argument, and seuerally examine euery part. 1549Form Consecr. Archbishops, etc. rubric, The Bisshop with the Priestes presente shall laye their handes seuerally vpon the heade of euery one that receaueth orders. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. xvi. 228 b, He had spoken with eyther of them severally. 1597Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. lxviii. §2 In speaking vnto euery communicant seuerally. 1700Dryden Fables Pref. *C, All his Pilgrims are severally distinguish'd from each other. 1760–2Goldsm. Cit. W. xxx, He turned severally to each for their opinion. 1812H. & J. Smith Rej. Addr. v. (1873) 39, I take it for granted that every intelligent man, woman, and child..has stood severally and respectively in Little Russell Street.
(b) referring to plural subject or object.
c1400tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. 101 It nedys noght þat a kyng aske conseyll of vs, of any of his pryue doynges, But þat he aske seuerally of some his conseill. 1456Cov. Leet Bk. 286 Endentures seuerally made be-twix the seyde Meyre & the Collectours. 1528More Dial. Heresies iii. iii. Wks. 209/2 Whan thei be wisely & seuerally examined, thei can seldome so well make their tale before, but that their vntrouth shall in some parte appere. 1603Drayton Bar. Wars vi. xxxiii. 133 Yet heere and there they seu'rally withdrew. 1660Trial Regic. 33 We must needs try them severally. 1828Scott F.M. Perth xiii, Receiving the mute salutations of the members of the council whom he had severally addressed. 1890Gladstone in Daily News 31 Dec. 5/7 My own inability to acknowledge severally the gifts..which have reached..me. 1892Westcott Gospel of Life 33 We severally think with a mind which is more or less in harmony with a universal mind.
b. In legal language, opposed to jointly.
1447Rolls of Parlt. V. 140/1 An action of trespasse ayenst such takers and ayenst all thaym, to whom the possession..comes..joyntly or severally. 1474Ibid. VI. 115/2 That the same Shires..stond and be severally chargeable and charged of the same men Archers. 1528Gardiner in Pocock Rec. Ref. (1870) I. l. 104 To proceed jointly or severally with your grace. 1628Coke On Litt. §296 In this case of the two Abbots in respect of their seuerall capacities, albeit the words be ioynt, yet the Law doth adiudge them to be seuerally seised. 1652tr. Fitzherbert's Nat. Brevium 38 Whether they shall recover severally damages upon that joynt count, it is a doubt. 1875Poste Gaius iii. 396 In Correality each creditor is severally entitled to receive, and each debtor is severally bound to discharge, the whole Object of the obligation. a1887J. Grant Royal Highlanders 19 Holcroft would in some way or other bring trouble upon them conjunctly or severally.
(b) jointly (Sc. conjunctly) and severally.
1454Registr. Aberdon. (Maitland Club) I. 261 Be it kende til al men me Edwarde of þe Vesthale til haf maide [the several persons named] coniunctly and seuerly my ful procuratoris. 1467Godstow Reg. 347 They made..Iohn Baywell and Symond Turnere..there trew and lawfull attorneyes, ioyntly and severally, to entre and delyver in ther name. 1554Acts of Sederunt (1790) 1 That thay, and ilk ane of thaim, conjunctlie and severalie, suld lelelie and trewlie minister in the said office of curatry. 1597in Spalding Club Misc. (1841) I. 117 The quhilk to do we commit to you, coniunctlie and severallie, our full power, be this our precept. 1766Blackstone Comm. ii. xii. II. 193 A devise to two persons, to hold jointly and severally, is a joint-tenancy. 1826G. J. Bell Comm. Laws Scot. (ed. 5) I. 346 If the co-obligants be bound jointly and severally, any one may be taken for the whole debt. 1838W. Bell Dict. Law Scot. s.v. Conjunctly, When two or more persons are bound conjunctly and severally to perform an obligation, they are liable singuli in solidum, and it is in the option of the creditor to exact performance, either from each of them proportionally, or to enforce the obligation to the full extent against any one of them, leaving him to seek his relief from the rest.
†c. Preceded by numeral adv.: On two (etc.) separate occasions. Obs.
1576Gascoigne Kenelworth Castle Wks. 1910 II. 121 Twise severally summoned to appeare before the great Gods.
2. Apart from others or from the rest; not together or in a company; independently. arch.
1530Elyot Image Gov. (1541) 104 The thyrde state was of the base people or communers to whom seuerally should not be committed any authoritee. 1548Geste Agst. Priv. Masse L j, In the pryuate masse where the priest seuerally all alone hath hys loofe & eateth it alone. 1577Hanmer Anc. Eccles. Hist., Euseb. ii. xvii. (1663) 29 They assembled together, severally men, and severally women. 1615Markham Eng. Housew. i. 25 Take knot grasse and shepheards purse, and plantaine, and stampe them seuerally. 1630E. Pagitt Christianogr. i. ii. (1636) 55 These Christians live severally by themselves without any mixture of Mahometans or Pagans. 1660Barrow Euclid i. xxxii, Two angles (taken severally, or together). 1709Atterbury Serm. (Rom. xi. 6) (1726) II. 256 Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob..to whom the Promise of the Blessed Seed was severally made. 1883Stevenson Silverado Sq. 9 A great variety of oaks stood, now severally, now in a becoming grove, among the fields.
const. from.1649Milton Eikon. xi. 102 [The King is] not to be consider'd severally from them [the Parliament]. 1862F. Hall Hindu Philos. Syst. 99 It is the same as concerns the experience of cognition, or the like, considered severally from its experience.
†b. Specially, particularly. Obs. rare.
c1610Women Saints 70 The place cutt for the head seuerallie was made so iust for her head as could be deuised.
3. Respectively.
1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. ii. vii. 37 b, Grecians and Geneuoises, and..Iewes..seuerally haue one streete to dwell in. 1756Burke Subl. & B. i. x, They stick severally to their own species in preference to all others. 1827C. Wordsworth Chas. I (1828) 2 The parts which I and they have severally taken are openly justified. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 33 The great benefits which mankind would obtain from their severally doing the things which they knew. 1909Athenæum 20 Mar. 345/1 ‘The Constitution is saved.’ ‘A Commission is needed at once.’ So say severally the very old and the very young amongst our legislators.
†4. Differently, variously. Obs.
1605Bacon Adv. Learn. i. i. §3 To deliuer it [sc. learning] from the discredites and disgraces which it hath receiued; all from ignorance; but ignorance seuerally disguised. 1625― Ess., Of Building (Arb.) 549, I vnderstand both these Sides..to be vniforme without, though seuerally Partitioned within. 1628Feltham Resolves i. xciii. 271 There are, and that seuerally, that be much troubled with the disease of speaking. a1644Chillingworth Serm. ii. §42 How severally Satan plants his Engines for the subversion of the Church. |