| 释义 |
▪ I. sketch, n.|skɛtʃ|
Also 7 scetch, schetch (schetse, schytz).
[ad. Du. schets or G. skizze († skitze, skize), neither of which is recorded before the 17th cent., ad. It. schizzo, whence also Sp. esquicio, F. esquisse († esquiche): the source of the It. word is supposed to be L. *schedius (cf. schedia raft, schedium extemporaneous poem), Gr. σχέδιος done or made off-hand, extempore.
In the following examples the foreign origin of the word is still indicated by the spelling: 1691 T. H[ale] Acc. New Invent. p. xlvii, A Schytz or hasty Piece of Painting done by a great Hand is of great Value.1693P. Pett Barlow's Rem. Pref. A viij b, Intending only what the Dutch Painters call a Schytz, and not a perfect Delineation or Draught. 1697W. Pope Life Bp. Ward 149 The first Schetse of a Comedy calld the Paradox. ]
1. a. A rough drawing or delineation of something, giving the outlines or prominent features without the detail, esp. one intended to serve as the basis of a more finished picture, or to be used in its composition; a rough draught or design. Also, in later use, a drawing or painting of a slight or unpretentious nature.
α1668[see 2]. 1682Wheler Journ. Greece Pref., Both he that designed it from my Scetch, and the Engraver after him. 1694Phil. Trans. XVIII. 179 This..moulding..would be far better exprest by a Scetch that should..represent the bottom and top of two of them.
β1687A. Lovell tr. Thevenot's Trav. ii. 145, I have made a little Sketch of this which will serve to give an Idea of those of Tschehel-minar. 1709Pope Ess. Crit. 23 As the slightest sketch, if justly trac'd, Is by ill-colouring but the more disgrac'd. 1751Hollis in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 380 The Designs that have been taken of them hitherto, have been rather Sketches..than accurate and exact Plans. 1794Mrs. Radcliffe Myst. Udolpho xxxii, In these little sketches she generally placed interesting groups characteristic of the scenery they animated. 1819Scott Let. in Lockhart (1837) IV. viii. 246 Constable has offered Allan three hundred pounds to make sketches for an edition of the Tales of My Landlord. 1863Geo. Eliot Romola xviii, All about the walls hung pen and oil sketches of fantastic sea-monsters.
transf.1713Guardian No. 149, We have a kind of sketch of dress, if I may so call it, among us, which..is called a Dishabille. 1831Scott Ct. Rob. iii, But in this respect his fancy probably filled up the sketch which his conjectures bodied out. 1864Lowell Fireside Trav. 242 His [sc. the donkey's] bray is..an experimental sketch for the neigh of her finished animal.
†b. (See quot.) Obs.—0
1688Holme Armoury iii. 149/1 Schetches, are touches on a Paper with the point of a Charcoal in drawing out of any Figure, and so by little and little running over the whole Work.
2. a. A brief account, description, or narrative giving the main or important facts, incidents, etc., and not going into the details; a short or superficial essay or study, freq. in pl. as a title.
1668Charleton Ephesian & Cimm. Matrons ii. 76 Whereof I have here drawn no perfect Picture, but only a rude Scetch. 1715Bentley Serm. x. 366 After this short but true sketch of Popery. 1744Harris Three Treat. Wks. (1841) 5 Thus..have you had exhibited to you a sketch of art. You must remember, however, it is but a sketch. 1780Mirror No. 96, I offer you a small sketch of an incident, supposed to have happened in the times of our forefathers. 1831D. E. Williams Sir T. Lawrence II. 301 [This] renders necessary some sketch of the establishment of the Academy of painting in Ireland. 1867Freeman Norm. Conq. (1877) I. 7 Here our narrative, even as the merest sketch, comes to its natural close.
(b)1758L. Temple Sketches Preface, The Author of the following Papers chuses to call them Sketches. 1835–6Dickens (title), Sketches by Boz. 1876D. Donovan (title), Sketches in Carbery, Co. Cork; its Antiquities [etc.].
b. The general plan or outline, the main features, of anything. rare.
1697Dryden Virgil, Ess. Georgics (1721) I. 207 We are beholden to him [Theocritus] for the first rough Sketch of a Georgic. 1796–7Jane Austen Pride & Prej. xxvii, Everything..was finally settled according to Charlotte's first sketch. 1803G. Ellis Let. in Lockhart Scott (1837) I. xi. 394 If the sketch of that story was previously known.
3. Mus.
a. A short piece, usu. for the pianoforte, either slight in construction or vividly descriptive.
c1840Sir W. S. Bennett (title), Three Musical Sketches.
b. A preliminary study made during the progress of, or in preparation for, a finished work or composition.
1883Grove's Dict. Mus. III. 528 The Movement..affords us examples both of preliminary sketches and an amended whole. Ibid. 529 The volume presents some intensely interesting sketches for an Andante.
4. A short play or performance of slight dramatic construction and usually of a light or comic nature (see quot. 1892); also, a musical performance by one person, in which playing, singing, and talking are combined.
1789W. Dunlap Darby's Return (title-page), A comic sketch. As performed..for the benefit of Mr. Wignell. 1829H. Foote Compan. to Theatres 74 Satirical sketches, or slight comic pieces on the follies of the day, have likewise been produced here with good effect. 1861Mayhew Lond. Lab. (ed. 3) III. 132/2 We always did a laughable sketch entitled Billy Button's Ride to Brentford. 1881Daily Telegr. 27 Dec., Mr. Corney Grain..now gives a supplementary musical sketch, entitled ‘Master Tommy's Theatricals’. 1892Daily News 3 June 2/2 ‘Sketches’—the new name for small or condensed, and in some cases, mutilated stage plays, the acting time of which shall not be more than 40 minutes, and the performers in which shall not be more than six.
5. slang. A small quantity; a drop.
1894Sir J. D. Astley Fifty Years Life II. 258, I have had..just a sketch of whisky with water from the burn.
6. A ridiculous sight, a very amusing person; so hot sketch, a comical or colourful person. slang.
1917S. Lewis Job xx. 299 You women cer'nly are a sketch! 1921H. C. Witwer Leather Pushers x. 269 This Roberts is a hot sketch for a fighter, anyways! 1925E. Hemingway In Our Time (1926) 84 You're a hot sketch. Who the hell asked you to butt in here? 1926Maines & Grant Wise-Crack Dict. 9/2 He's a sketch, he's comical. 1930J. Dos Passos 42nd Parallel v. 399 ‘He's a hot sketch,’ said one of the girls to the other. 1930J. B. Priestley Angel Pavement xi. 604 You do look a sight, Dad... I never saw such a sketch.
7. attrib. and Comb., as sketch-block, sketch-map, sketch-pad [pad n.3], sketch-plan.
1782R. Cumberland Anecd. Painters (1787) I. 194 His figures..are slight and sketch-like. 1872W. W. Smyth Mining Stat. 38 The geological sketch-map, which accompanies this paper. 1886Guide Exhib. Galleries Brit. Mus. 235 A sketch-plan of the Battle of Aboukir. 1892Daily News 19 May 2/4 The practice of sketch artists, sketch authors, and sketch managers has been..to pay copyright fees. 1893Photogr. Ann. 281 You must..practise with a pencil and sketch-block the..foreshortening of objects. 1961M. Spark Prime of Miss Jean Brodie iii. 64, I went to get a new sketch pad. 1981Listener 5 Nov. 546/2 The drawings..offering imaginative ideas to any child with a sketch-pad.
▪ II. sketch, v.|skɛtʃ|
Also 7 scetch.
[f. prec. or ad. Du. schetsen, G. skizziren.]
1. trans. To describe briefly, generally, or in outline; to give the essential facts or points of, without going into details; to outline.
1695Dryden Dufresnoy's Art Paint. Pref. p. xii, To contemplate those Idea's, which I have onely sketch'd, and which every man must finish for himself. 1751J. Harris Hermes i. ii. (1786) 19 Now a Sentence may be sketch'd in the following description. 1814Scott Let. in Lockhart (1837) III. x. 312 The language most animated and poetical; and the characters sketched with a masterly enthusiasm. 1841–4Emerson Ess. xix. Wks. (Bohn) I. 237 The history of the State sketches in coarse outline the progress of thought. 1868Freeman Norm. Conq. (1877) II. 285 The history of the city will be more fittingly sketched at another stage.
b. With out (cf. 2 a).
1694Salmon Bate's Dispens. Ded., Could I but scetch out a faint Idea of Your Glorious Actions. a1779Warburton Wks. (1811) X. 201, I have at present nothing to do with its various abominations, here sketched out. 1847L. Hunt Men, Women, & B. II. xii. 302 To sketch out..what we conceive to be a better mode of supplying some account of Madame de Sévigné. 1867Ruskin Time & Tide xxiii. §154, I have sketched out this scheme for you somewhat prematurely.
2. To draw the outline or prominent features of (a picture, figure, etc.), esp. as preliminary or preparatory to further development; to make a sketch or rough draught of (something); to draw or paint in this manner.
a. With advs., as in, out, over.
1725Watts Logic (J.), Some admirable design sketched out only with a black pencil, though by the hand of Raphael. 1801Farmer's Mag. Jan. 66 For this purpose, a map of the soil is sketched out—we presume, from imagination. 1831D. E. Williams Sir T. Lawrence I. 331 The pupil confined himself to pen and ink drawings, sketched over with Indian ink and bistre. 1886G. Allen Maimie's Sake i, He sketched in lightly the face and figure.
transf.1818Hazlitt Charac. Shaks. Plays (1838) 244 This is little more than the first outlines of a comedy loosely sketched in.
b. Without qualifying term.
1786Reynolds Notes Mason's tr. Dufresnoy xi, The method of Rubens was to sketch his compositions in colours. 1807Hutton Course Math. (ed. 3) II. 73 Sketching on the sides the shape or resemblance of the fences or boundaries. 1855Tennyson Brook 102 Sketching with her slender pointed foot Some figure..On garden gravel. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. xxvii. 213, I sketched some of the crystals.
transf.1847De Quincey Sp. Mil. Nun vi, She had soon sketched and finished a dashing pair of Wellington trousers.
c. intr. To admit of sketching.
1883Holme Lee Loving & Serving I. ii. 27 Those poke bonnets..sketched well.
3. intr. or absol. To practise sketching; to draw or paint sketches.
1874R. Tyrwhitt Our Sketching Club 29 If you will only practise measuring heights and distances with thumb and pencil, whenever you sketch.
b. To proceed in a sketchy manner. (Cf. prec. 4.)
1888Howells Annie Kilburn xv, We have to cut some of the business between Romeo and Juliet, because it's too long, you know... But we sketch along through the play.
▪ III. sketch
Sc. f. skate n.2 and v. (see Eng. Dial. Dict.); dial. f. scatch n.1 (a stilt). |