| 释义 |
▪ I. contraband, n. and a.|ˈkɒntrəbænd|
Also 6 contrabanda, 6–9 counterband, 7–8 contreband.
[ad. Sp. contrabanda smuggling, a. It. contrabando (now contrabb-) ‘unlawful dealing against law or proclamation’ (Florio), f. contra against + bando proclamation, statute:—late L. bandum, bannum: see bandon, ban. The F. contrebande (from Sp. or It.) gave the 16–17th c. Eng. forms counter-, contre-; but the actual form in contra- appears to have come directly from the contraband traffic with the Spanish possessions c 1600.]
A. n.
1. Illegal or prohibited traffic: smuggling.
a1529Skelton Image Hypocr. Wks. III. 368 For her within his lande Shoulde be no counterbande. 1599Hakluyt Voy. II. 224 They that goe for Ormus carrie no Pepper but by Contrabanda. 1774Burke Amer. Tax. Wks. 1842 I. 157 This folly has thrown open folding-doors to contraband. 1789Ld. Auckland Corr. (1861) II. 195 To prevent my carrying away piastres, which is a great article of contraband. 1873Morley Rousseau II. 54 The whole trade in books was a sort of contraband. 1873Burton Hist. Scot. VI. 65 There was little smuggling or contraband among them.
2. Anything prohibited to be imported or exported; goods imported or exported contrary to law or proclamation; smuggled goods. (Also humorously for anything stolen.)
1599Hakluyt Voy. II. i. 223 All the Spices and drugs that are brought to Mecca, are stollen from thence as Contrabanda. 1713Ockley Acc. Barbary 121 They deal in Gold, Silver and Brimstone, and all manner of Contrabands, viz. Brass, Iron, Marble. a1845Hood To Grimaldi x, Thy partridge body, always stuff'd With waifs, and strays, and contrabands!
3. (In full contraband of war.) Anything (esp. arms, stores, or other things available for hostile purposes) forbidden to be supplied by neutrals to belligerents in time of war, and liable by the law of nations to be captured and confiscated. Also absolute contraband (see quots.); opp. conditional contraband, anything (such as coal, provisions, vehicles) that may be treated as contraband if it is intended for warlike purposes.
1753Scots Mag. Mar. 121/1 They are carrying contraband to the enemy. 1804W. Taylor in Ann. Rev. II. 306 Contraband of war will always be seized by the powerful..during a blockade. 1826Kent Comm. (1873) I. vii. 136 It is natural that they should desire to diminish the list of contraband as much as possible. 1861Bright Sp. America 4 Dec., As to Messrs. Slidell and Mason being or not being contraband the General answers for it..that they bore that character. 1879Lubbock Addr. Pol. & Educ. vii. 129 With the exception of contraband of war. 1905T. E. Holland Let. to ‘The Times’ 1 July (1909) 109 Russia consented to recognise the..distinction between ‘absolute’ and ‘conditional’ contraband... Cotton has now followed foodstuffs into the category of ‘conditional’ contraband. 1939W. Arnold-Forster The Blockade, 1914–1919 6 Absolute Contraband consisted of articles used only for military purposes, such as artillery. Ibid., Conditional Contraband consisted of certain commodities that might be used either for military or civilian purposes, including food, fuel, and lubricants.
4. U.S. Used during the American Civil War for: A Negro slave, esp. a fugitive or captured slave; from a decision of Gen. Butler in 1861 that such slaves were contraband of war.
1862W. H. Russell in Times 27 Mar., The first intimation received by the Federal forces..came from a contraband, a negro boy. 1862Gilmore in Reminisc. Abolitionist vi. (1877) 189 You will at once send to my quarters the four contrabands, John, Abel, George and Dick. 1863W. Phillips Speeches xxiv. 545 That victory was planned in the brain of that contraband. 1890D. B. Frankenburger in W.F. Allen's Ess. & Monogr. 11 The destitution and grotesque humor of contrabands in camp and school.
B. adj. [attrib. use of the n.]
1. Prohibited by law, proclamation, or treaty, to be imported or exported: as contraband goods, etc. So contraband trade, contraband trader: trade, or a trader, in contraband goods.
1656Cromwell Lett. 28 Aug., To prevent the coming of any materials for shipping, or other contraband goods into Cadiz. 1699Bentley Phal. 350 To what purpose should he declare by Law such Goods to be contraband? 1753Scots Mag. Mar. 112/2, If the neutral ships had carried on any contraband trade. 1769H. Walpole Lett. to Montagu ccxlviii, Plate..is not counterband in its metallic capacity, but totally so in its personal. 1814F. Burney Wanderer V. 17 Men..from beyond seas, with counterband merchandize. 1851D. Jerrold St. Giles xiv. 140 A large sympathy for contraband traders. 1872Yeats Growth Comm. 345 Spain tried to diminish the vast contraband traffic.
2. fig. Forbidden, illegitimate, unauthorized.
1686Burnet Trav. iii. (1750) 146 A contraband Nobility. 1706Collier Refl. Ridic. 190 The ill Consequences these counterband Praises have. 1771Franklin Autobiog. Wks. 1840 I. 81 All expressions of positiveness were after some time made contraband. a1797H. Walpole Geo. II (1847) III. iv. 96 Zeal in propagating counterband metaphysics. 1820Southey Life Wesley II. 478 Such an experiment might have cost a contraband preacher his life.
Hence (nonce-wds.) ˈcontrabandage, contraˈbandery, ˈcontrabanˌdism, system or practice of contraband traffic, smuggling. See also next.
1885Birmingh. Weekly Post 14 Feb. 812 A regular system of contrabandage is kept up, to the loss of the Government. 1843Tait's Mag. X. 546 The gestes et faits of the heroes of Vraeschoot contrabandery. 1865Pall Mall G. 19 Aug. 11 Thanks to thee, thou bold, true son of Massachusetts, author of the new dictionary of contrabandism—Major-General Benjamin F. Butler.
▪ II. ˈcontraband, v.1
Also 7 counterband.
[f. prec. n.]
†1. trans. ‘To import goods prohibited’ (J.), to smuggle. Obs.
1615G. Sandys Trav. 87 Christian shippes..are there also searched for concealed Slaues, and goods contrabanded. 1666Lond. Gaz. No. 68/4 One Huzee..had liberty to Lade home with such Goods as were not Counterbanded. 1700Dryden Fables Pref. Wks. (Globe) 495 Let them be staved or forfeited, like counterbanded goods. 1730Bailey (folio), Contraband, contrabanded goods.
†2. To declare contraband, to prohibit. Obs.
1678Butler Hud. iii. iii. 693 The Law severely contrabands Our taking business off Men's hands.
3. intr. To smuggle. nonce-use.
1862Carlyle Fredk. Gt. (1865) III. viii. iv. 23 Scoundrel, what do you want; contrabanding in these seas?
Hence ˈcontrabanded ppl. a.
1626Cockeram, Contrabanded, uncustomed. [See also 1.] |