| 释义 |
▪ I. spleen, n.|spliːn|
Forms: 4 (6–7) splen; 4–7 splene; 5–7 spleene, 6– spleen.
[ad. OF. esplen (esplien, esplene, etc.), or L. splēn, a. Gr. σπλήν, related to Skr. plīhan, L. liēn. In Romanic the word has survived in many Italian dialects, and in Romanian splină, but It. splene is of learned origin, while mod.F. spleen († spline) and Sp. esplin have been adopted from English in sense 8 c.]
1. a. Anat. An abdominal organ consisting of a ductless gland of irregular form, which in mammals is situated at the cardiac end of the stomach and serves to produce certain changes in the blood; the milt or melt.
αa1300Vox & Wolf in MS. Digby 86 lf. 138 b/1 Þou hauest þat ilke ounder þe splen, Þou nestes neuere daies ten. 1390Gower Conf. III. 100 As it is in Phisique write Of livere, of lunge, of galle, of splen, Thei alle unto the herte ben Servantz. 1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. iii. (1586) 151 Swine..do woonderously labor with the abundance of the splen. 1650B. Discolliminium 46 A..lumpe, compounded of..Satyres Splens, Polcatts Lites.
βc1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 80 If þe lyuere eiþer þe splene ben I-greued,..þou muste rectifien hem. 1460–70Book of Quintessence 18 Brennynge watir in þe which gold is fixid..heliþ þe splene. 1530Palsgr. 274 The splene in a man, in a beest the melte. 1578Lyte Dodoens 25 It is good against..the stopping of the Milte or Splene. 1601Holland Pliny I. 343 Vnto this Cawle, is fastned the Splene on the left side of the belly just over-against the liver. 1619[see splenic a. 1].
γa1400Morte Arth. 2061 The comlyche kynge..cowpez fulle evene..emange the schortte rybbys, That the splent and the spleene on the spere lengez! c1623Lodge Poor Mans Talent G iij, The spleene is a member longe, softe, and rare, like vnto a spounge, and is scituated on the lefte side. 1661Lovell Hist. Anim. & Min. 37 The Spleen [of a cow] eaten with honey..helpeth the paine of the spleen. 1707Floyer Physic. Pulse-Watch 116 In this Fever the Spleen is affected. 1767Gooch Treat. Wounds I. 411 The Spleen is an oblong, flat body of a livid color; its substance is soft, and texture very loose. 1802Med. Jrnl. VIII. 277 A propulsion of blood from the exterior parts to some of the viscera, particularly the spleen and liver. 1851Carpenter Man. Phys. (ed. 2) 300 The structure and functions of the Spleen..have been among the most obscure subjects in Anatomy and Physiology. 1884Day Fishes Gt. Brit. I. p. lvi, The spleen among fishes is found..as a dull reddish body of a rounded form.
†b. Regarded as the seat of melancholy or morose feelings. Obs.
1390Gower Conf. III. 99 The Splen is to Malencolie Assigned for herbergerie. c1425tr. Arderne's Treat. Fistula, etc. 60 Bot þe splene haþ no vertu of gendryng anyþing, siþe it is noþing bot a receptakle of malencolie. c1430Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 201 Wheer ovir many an hed hath ake, In skorn whan she lyth on the splene. 1539Elyot Cast. Helthe (1541) 22 The splene or mylte is of yl juice, for it is the chamber of melancholy. 16051st Pt. Ieronimo iii. i, Not one little thought..But should raise spleens big as a cannon bullet Within your bosomes. Ibid. iii. ii, Why, this would vex The resolution of a suffering spleene. 1665Boyle Occas. Refl. ii. xiv. (1848) 142 Those petty Chilnesses that formerly I..was apt to impute to nothing but Fumes of the Spleen, or Melancholy Vapours.
†c. Regarded as the seat of laughter or mirth. Obs. (Freq. c 1600.)
1390Gower Conf. III. 100 The galle serveth to do wreche, The Splen doth him to lawhe and pleie, Whan al unclennesse is aweie. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. v. xli. (Bodl. MS.), Some men menyn þat þe melte is cause of laugȝhing, for by þe splene we laugȝhen. 14..Pol., Rel., & L. Poems (1866) 37 The mynde is in the Brayne... Gladnes in the splene. 1547Boorde Brev. Health ccvii. 71 A splene, the whiche.. doth make a manne to laughe. 1598Bp. Hall Sat. iv. i. 74 Now laugh I loud, and breake my splene to see This pleasing pastime of my poesie. 1610Holland Camden's Brit. (1637) 464 Such matter as will make you laugh your fill, if you have a laughing spleene. 1635Quarles Embl. ii. iv. (1718) 77 Come burst your spleens with laughter to behold A new found vanity. 1681S. Colvil Whigs Supplic. (1751) 91 Some for laughter burst their reins, And other some did split their spleens.
†2. In various phrases:
†a. of or on the spleen, in jest or play. Obs.
c1460Sir R. Ros La Belle Dame 327 For wordes which said ben of þ⊇ splene, In fayr langage, paynted ful plesantlye. a1500Nut-brown Maid in Arnolde's Chron. (1811) 203 When men wyl breke promyse, they speke the wordis on the splene.
†b. from the spleen, from the heart. Sc. Obs.
c1480Henryson Poems (S.T.S.) III. 148 This prayer fra my splene is. 1500–20Dunbar Poems xlvi. 70 God bad eik lufe thy nychtbour fro the splene. 1571Satir. Poems Reform. xxv. 79 When synneris repentis from þe splene.
†c. to the spleen, to the heart. Sc. Obs.
a1568A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) xiii. 17, I thoill rycht grit distress, Bayth nycht & day, hard persit to þe splene.
†3. Merriment, gaiety, sport. Obs.
1588Shakes. L.L.L. v. ii. 117 With such a zelous laughter so profound, That in this spleene ridiculous appeares, To checke their folly, passions solemne teares. 1596― Tam. Shr. Induct. i. 137 Haply my presence May well abate the ouer-merrie spleene, Which otherwise would grow into extreames.
†4.
a. A sudden impulse; a whim or caprice.
1592Shakes. Ven. & Ad. 907 A thousand spleens bear her a thousand ways. 1596― 1 Hen. IV, v. ii. 19 A haire⁓brain'd Hotspurre, gouern'd by a Spleene. a1625Fletcher Wom. Pleas'd i. ii, Not wandring after every toy comes cross ye, Nor struck with every spleen.
†b. Caprice; changeable temper. Obs.
1596Shakes. Tam. Shr. iii. ii. 10, I must forsooth be forst To giue my hand..Vnto a mad-braine rudesby, full of spleene. 1596― 1 Hen. IV, ii. iii. 81 Out you mad-headed Ape, a Weazell hath not such a deale of Spleene, as you are tost with.
†5.
a. Hot or proud temper; high spirit, courage, resolute mind. Obs.
1592Shakes. Rom. & Jul. iii. i. 163 All this..Could not take truce with the vnruly spleene Of Tybalt deafe to peace. 1598B. Jonson Ev. Man in Hum. iii. i, She [= beauty] will infuse true motion in a stone,..Stuffe peasants bosoms with proud Cæsars spleene. 1600Heywood 1st Pt. Edw. IV, Wks. 1874 I. 34 That I shrunk back, that I was neuer seene To show my manly spleen but with a whip. 1605Play of Stucley in Simpson Sch. Shaks. (1878) I. 213 Your kind submission might have wrought What your high spleen and courage cannot do.
†b. Impetuosity, eagerness. Obs.
1595Shakes. John ii. i. 448 With swifter spleene then powder can enforce The mouth of passage shall we fling wide ope. Ibid. v. vii. 50 Oh, I am scalded with my violent motion And spleene of speede, to see your Maiesty.
6. Violent ill-nature or ill-humour; irritable or peevish temper:
a. With possessive pronouns, etc.
1594Shakes. Rich. III, ii. iv. 64 O prepostorous And franticke outrage, end thy damned spleene. 1608Chapman Dk. of Byron v. i. 136 Let others learn by him to curb their spleens, Before they be curb'd, and to cease their grudges. 1642–4Vicars God in Mount (1844) 64 The poysonous malice and incorrigible spight and splene of the malignant partie. 1710Steele Tatler No. 4 ⁋3 His spleen is so extremely moved on this Occasion that he is going to publish a Treatise against Opera's. 1781Wesley Wks. (1872) XIII. 462, I impute this to his violent spleen against logic. 1824Dibdin Libr. Comp. 745 The spleen and sophistry that marked the notes of the earlier cantos of Child Harold. 1885Rawlinson Egypt & Bab. ii. xii. 425 This time he..vented his spleen on the Jews by renewed attacks and oppressions.
b. Without limiting word.
1604Dekker King's Entertainm. H iv b, Iustice in causes, Fortitude gainst foes, Temprance in spleene. 1662Playford Skill Mus. Pref. (1674) 5 It abateth Spleen and Hatred. 1728Young Love of Fame iv. 16 Vex'd at a public fame, so justly won, The jealous Chremes is with spleen undone. 1752Hume Pol. Disc. v. 81 An author, who has..more spleen, prejudice and passion than any of these qualities. 1822Hazlitt Table-t. Ser. ii. xviii. (1869) 381 This may be very well as an ebullition of spleen or vanity. 1859Tennyson Marr. Geraint 273 Whereat Geraint flash'd into sudden spleen.
7. With a:
a. A fit of temper; a passion. Also transf. Obs. exc. arch.
1589R. Harvey Pl. Perc. (1860) 13 Fie, fie, will you vpon a spleen run vpon a Christen body with full cry and open mouth? 1590Shakes. Mids. N. i. i. 146 Briefe as the lightning in the collied night, That (in a spleene) vnfolds both heauen and earth. 1609R. Barnerd Faithf. Shepheard 74 Neuer speake with partiall affection against any in a spleene, euill will seldome speaks well. [1814Cary Dante, Par. xxx. 47 As when the lightning, in a sudden spleen Unfolded, dashes from the blinding eyes The visive spirits.]
†b. A grudge; a spite or ill-will. Obs.
1616Min. Archd. Colchester (MS.) fol. 110 There is a spleene betwixt one of the Churchwardens..and this partie. 1665Manley Grotius' Low C. Wars 825 The Duke having a spleen to the City. 1692R. L. Estrange Josephus, Wars Jews vii. xxx. (1733) 802 Onias did not do all this..for God's sake,..but out of a Spleen he bore to the Jerusalem Jews. 1722De Foe Col. Jack (1840) 201 The devil owing me a spleen ever since I refused being a thief.
8. With the:
†a. Amusement, delight. Obs.—1
1601Shakes. Twel. N. iii. ii. 72 If you desire the spleene, and will laughe your selues into stitches, follow me.
†b. Indignation, ill-humour. to bear (one) upon the spleen, to bear resentment against. Obs.
1600W. Watson Decacordon (1602) 101 Howsoeuer vpon the spleene they sought for it at that time: he acquainted the Pope Clement with it. 1623Bingham Xenophon 36 The ægyptians, whom you principally beare vpon the spleen. 1629J. Maxwell tr. Herodian (1635) 38 Divers that..bore Perennius upon the spleene, for his intolerable haughty and disdainefull carriage.
c. Excessive dejection or depression of spirits; gloominess and irritability; moroseness; melancholia. Now arch.
1664Killigrew Pandora ii, Onely some fumes from his heart, Madam, makes his head addle. 'Tis call'd the spleen of late, and much in fashion. 1673Temple Obs. on United Prov. Wks. 1720 I. 54 Strangers among them are apt to complain of the Spleen, but those of the Country seldom or never. 1711Shaftesbury Charac. (1737) II. i. 199 At first, I look'd on you as deeply in the Spleen. 1726Swift Gulliver iv. vii, Yet here I could discover the true seeds of the spleen, which only seizeth on the lazy, the luxurious, and the rich. 1838Lytton Alice 66 This quiet room gives me the spleen.
d. Without article in the same sense.
1690Temple Ess., Poetry Wks. 1720 I. 248 Our Country must be confess'd to be what a great foreign Physician called it, the Region of Spleen. 1718Lady M. W. Montagu Let. to Mrs. Thistlethwayte 25 Sept., [I have] a mind weakened by sickness, [and] a head muddled with spleen. a1763Shenstone Ess. Wks. 1765 II. 205 Spleen is often little else than obstructed perspiration. 1811L. M. Hawkins C'tess & Gertr. I. 25 Professing that he knew not now in whom to place confidence, he gave himself up to spleen and seclusion. 1860W. Collins Wom. in White ii. ii. 179 He is the victim of English spleen.
personif.1712–4Pope Rape Lock iv. 16 The gloomy Cave of Spleen.
9. attrib.
a. In sense 1, as spleen artery, spleen blood, spleen-lymph, spleen-mixture, spleen-powder, spleen-pulp, spleen side, spleen vein, etc.
1601Holland Pliny II. 146 When hee hath drunke it, [let him] lie vpon the spleene side. 1611Cotgr., Artere splenitique, the spleene arterie. Ibid. s.v. Veine, La petite gastrique..is the first branch of the spleene veine. 1834Good's Study Med. (ed. 4) I. 367 The spleen-powder and spleen-mixture of Bengal. 1847–9Todd's Cycl. Anat. IV. 778/2 He [Gerlach] altogether denies the existence of these granule-cells..in the spleen-pulp. Ibid. 796/2 In calves and sheep a reddish spleen-lymph is often found. 1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. IV. 536 Caseous masses..loosely embedded in the spleen substance.
b. In transf. senses, as spleen-fit, spleen-fog, etc.
a1653G. Daniel Idyll iii. 75 All the world Trades in this magicke; though the foole be hurl'd Spleen-Shittle-Cocke. 1737M. Green Spleen 8 If spleen-fogs rise at close of day, I clear my ev'ning with a play. 1878Browning Poets Croisic 28 Song's remedies for spleen-fits.
c. spleen index, rate, the proportion of the population having enlarged spleens (as determined by palpation), useful as indicating the incidence of malaria.
1969Edington & Gilles Path. in Tropics ii. 13 The former [methods] determine parasite rates in random blood samples and *spleen indices... A close correlation exists between parasite and spleen rates.
1903Stephens & Christophers Pract. Study Malaria xxiii. 261 Above ten years, the *spleen rate is usually considerably in excess of the parasite rate. 1935Discovery Jan. 11/1 In these districts today the spleen rate, indicating the incidence of malaria amongst the inhabitants, is very low. 1963E. Pampana Textbk. Malaria Eradication iv. 72 The spleen rate underestimates the true percentage of enlarged spleens.
10. Comb., as spleen-born, spleen-devoured, spleen-pained, spleen-piercing, spleen-shaped, spleen-sick, spleen-struck, spleen-swollen adjs.
1570Levins Manip. 121 Splensicke, spleneticus. 1601Holland Pliny II. Index s.v., For the Spleene pained, swelled, hard, obstructed, or otherwise diseased. 1609Ev. Woman in Hum. i. i. in Bullen O. Pl. IV, Another, with a spleene-devoured face, Her eies as hollow as Anatomy. 1649G. Daniel Trinarch. To Rdr., A fine Spleen-peirceing Witt. 1677Miége Fr. Dict. ii, Splenetick, Spleen-sick, or troubled with the Spleen. 1763–5Churchill Gotham i. 14 A gloom thro' which to spleen-struck minds, Religion, horror-stamp'd, a passage finds. 1775Sheridan Rivals Pref., They are usually spleen-swoln from a vain idea of increasing their consequence. 1859Tennyson Merlin & V. 552 You breathe but accusation vast and vague, Spleen-born, I think, and proofless. 1888Rolleston & Jackson Anim. Life 113 A spleen-shaped body, the albuminiparous gland.
▪ II. spleen, v.|spliːn|
Also 7 splene.
[f. the n.]
1.
†a. trans. To regard with spleen or ill-humour; to have a grudge at. Obs.
a1629Hinde J. Bruen li. (1641) 168 Is it then your antipathy against goodnesse..that provokes you to swell against them, and so much to splene and spite them? 1675J. Smith Chr. Relig. App. ii. 18 A man so vitious as his hatred to Vertue made him spleen Nicæus,..and all good men.
†b. To fill with spleen; to make angry or ill-tempered. Obs.
1689N. Lee P'cess Cleves iv. i, Such Love as mine, and injur'd as I thought, Wou'd spleen the Gaul-less Turtle, wou'd it not? a1734North Examen (1740) 326 The author..is manifestly spleened at the force with which they wrote and preached in the controversy. 1801S. & Ht. Lee Canterb. T. V. 258 Stanhope, too much spleen'd for conversation, withdrew.
c. intr. U.S. To feel spleen or deep anger.
1885Congregationalist 1 Jan. (Cent.), It is fairly sickenin'; I spleen at it. 1889R. T. Cooke Steadfast xviii. 198 [It] makes me spleen to think on't! 1902H. L. Wilson Spenders x. 110 Well, I knew Dan'l J. purty well, and I spleened against some of his ways, but that's done fur.
2. trans. To deprive of the spleen.
a1735Arbuthnot (J.), Animals spleened grow salacious. |