| 释义 |
crystalline, a. and n.|ˈkrɪstəlɪn, -laɪn|
[a. F. cristallin, in 15th c. cristalin, and its prototype L. crystallĭn-us, a. Gr. κρυστάλλιν-ος of crystal, f. κρύσταλλος crystal. The pronunciation (krɪsˈtælɪn), after Latin, is used by Milton, Gray, Shelley, and Palgrave.]
A. adj.
1. Consisting of or made of crystal; of the nature of crystal; = crystal a. 1.
1509Hawes Past. Pleas. xxxviii. x, The cristallyne wyndowes of great bryghtnes. 1553Eden Treat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 37 Cristallyne cuppes, and suche other iewelles. 1621–51Burton Anat. Mel. i. ii. i. ii, Besides those other heavens, whether they bee christalline or watery. 1660Boyle New Exp. Phys.-Mech. ix. 70 Small Receivers blown of Crystalline Glass. 1779J. Moore View Soc. Fr. II. lv. 57 Broad crystalline mirrors.
2. a. Clear and transparent like crystal.
c1440Lydg. Secrees 425 Wellys of philosophye, With Crystallyn sprynges. a1529Skelton Poems, Agst. Garnesche 99, I yave hym drynk..Of Eliconys waters crystallyne. 1607T. Walkington Opt. Glass 1 The Sepias inkie humor does make turbulent the cristallinest fountaine. 1671Milton Samson 541 Nor did the dancing ruby Sparkling, out-poured..Allure thee from the cool crystalline stream. 1742Young Nt. Th. vii. 555 A crystalline transparency prevails. 1821Shelley Hellas 698 Built below the tide of war, Based on the crystalline sea. 1871Palgrave Lyr. Poems 13 Queen of the crystalline lake.
b. fig.
1605Bacon Adv. Learn. ii. xvii. 65 Rules..howe Chrystallyne they may bee made at the first. 1670Eachard Cont. Clergy Pref. 4 An incorruptible and pure crystalline church. 1857–8Sears Athan. xi. 91 A sermon..in which his crystalline style is even more than usually radiant with momentous truths.
3. a. Of the nature of a crystal; having a structure which is the result of crystallization.
1612Woodall Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 217 Sal Nitri is the Chrystalline salt purified from grosse Salt-peeter. 1665Hooke Microgr. 82 A multitude of little Crystalline or Adamantine bodies. 1799Kirwan Geol. Ess. 136 The crystalline grains are scarcely discernible. 1869Roscoe Elem. Chem. 191 Many naturally occuring minerals exhibit very perfect crystalline forms.
b. Of rocks: Composed of crystals or crystalline particles: opposed to amorphous.
1833Lyell Princ. Geol. III. 334 A more compact and crystalline texture, which will be considered when we speak of the strata termed ‘primary’. 1851Ruskin Stones Ven. (1874) I. viii. 81 The natural crystalline rocks.
4. Of or pertaining to crystals and their formation.
a1866Whewell (O.), Snow being apparently frozen..vapour, aggregated by a confused action of crystalline laws. 1871Tyndall Fragm. Sc. (1879) II. iv. 51 The marvels of crystalline force.
5. crystalline heaven (sphere, circle): in the Ptolemaic astronomical system, a sphere (later two spheres) supposed to exist between the primum mobile and the firmament, by means of which the precession of the equinox and the motion of libration were accounted for.
1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 7574 Ane other [heven] es, þat clerkes calles cristallyne, Þat next oboven þe sterned heven es. 1481Caxton Myrr. iii. xxii. 184 Aboue this..ther is another heuene..lyke as it were of the colour of whyte crystall..And is called the heuen crystalyn. 1549Compl. Scot. vi. 48 The nynte spere, callit the hauyn cristellyne. 1600Fairfax Tasso ix. lx. 171 The mouer first and circle Christalline, The firmament, where fixed stars all shine. 1667Milton P.L. iii. 482 They..pass the fixt, And that Crystalline Sphear whose ballance weighs The Trepidation talkt, and that first mov'd. 1796Morse Amer. Geog. I. 27 Above the starry sphere were imagined to be the two crystalline spheres. 1847Ld. Lindsay Chr. Art I. p. xxxii, The crystalline, or ninth heaven, of pure ether.
6. crystalline lens (formerly humour): a transparent body enclosed in a membranous capsule, situated immediately behind the iris of the eye; it is the principal agent by which rays of light are brought to a focus on the retina, and it plays an important part in the action of accommodation. crystalline cones: the end organs of the apparatus of vision in the Arthropoda.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. v. v. (1495) 109 The humour albugines in the eyen is more moyst thenne the humour cristallin. 1541R. Copland Guydon's Quest. Chirurg., In the myddes of the eye is..humour crystallyn, by cause it is of colour of Crystall. 1615Crooke Body of Man 33 The cristalline and glassy humors of the eye. 1794G. Adams Nat. & Exp. Philos. II. xvii. 265 The seat of this disorder [cataract] is in the crystalline lens. 1836–39Todd Cycl. Anat. II. 172/1 Within this hollow sphere..is fixed a double convex lens, called the crystalline lens or crystalline humour.
7. crystalline style or crystalline stylet: a transparent rod-like body contained in a sac embedded in the liver of some lamellibranchiate molluscs.
1864W. Houghton in Intell. Observ. No. 32. 70 This body, called the crystalline style. 1866Tate Brit. Mollusks ii. 14 The stomach contains a jelly-like body termed the crystalline style.
B. n. [elliptical uses of the adj.]
1. The crystalline heaven: see A. 5. arch.
1413Lydg. Pilgr. Sowle v. i. (1859) 71 The entre, that is the Crystallyn, that yett is not ouerpassed. 1634Habington Castara (Arb.) 19 In a bright orbe beyond the Christalline. 1663Cowley Pindar. Odes, Ecstasie ix, The Transparent Rocks o' th' Heav'nly Chrystalline. 1840Mrs. Browning Drama of Exile (1850) I. 6 What if I stand up And strike my brow against the crystalline Roofing the creatures.
2. The crystalline lens or humour: see A. 6.
[1597Lowe Chirurg. (1634) 142 The second and chiefe principall instrument of the sight is called cristalline.] 1657W. Rand tr. Gassendi's Life of Peiresc ii. 97 The Image which was inverted in the Retina was..received by the Crystalline in its right posture. 1682Sir T. Browne Chr. Mor. 100 Behold thy self by inward opticks and the crystalline of thy soul. 1793Young in Phil. Trans. LXXXIII. 174 In the ox's eye, the diameter of the crystalline is 700 thousandths of an inch. 1868J. Duncan Insect World Introd. 3 These cones..play the part of the crystalline, or lens, in the eyes of animals.
†3. A venereal disease characterized by an outbreak of clear pustules; cf. crystal n. 8. Obs.
1674Butler Hud. to Sidrophel 51 Recovering Shankers, Chrystallines, And Nodes and Botches in their Rindes.
4. A crystal; a crystalline rock.
1856Mrs. Browning Sonn., Work, All thy tears..Like pure crystallines. ― Sonn. from Portuguese xv, On me thou lookest with no doubting care, As on a bee shut in a crystalline.
†5. Chem. An obsolete name for aniline, called by its discoverer Unverdorben in 1826, crystallina.
1838T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 294 Of crystallina.
6. A light soft dress-material.
1903Daily Chron. 25 July 8/4 Crystalline differs very little from mousseline de soie, for it is a thin fabric with a silky sheen upon it, and a very charming one for afternoon summer frocks. 1923Daily Mail 8 May 14 Soft crepe finish crystalline. |