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curie
(ˈkjʊəriː, ‖ kyri)
[Named in honour of Pierre Curie (1859–1906), co-discoverer of radium.]
1. Orig., a quantity of radon (radon 222, radium emanation) in radioactive equilibrium with one gramme of radium; later extended to denote an equivalent quantity of any of the decay products of radium. Later, a unit of radioactivity equal to 3·7 × 1010 disintegrations per second, freq. used loosely as a unit of quantity of any radioactive substance in which there is this degree of radioactivity. Cf. Becquerel 2.
1910Rutherford in Nature 6 Oct. 430/2 It was suggested that the name Curie, in honour of the late Prof. Curie, should..be employed for a quantity of radium or of the emanation... The name Curie should be used as a new unit to express the quantity or mass of radium emanation in equilibrium with one gram of radium (element). 1931M. Curie et al. Rep. Internat. Radium-Standards Committee in Rev. Mod. Physics III. 432 It is recommended that the use of the term curie be extended to include the equilibrium quantity of any decay product of radium. 1954Brit. Jrnl. Radiol. XXVII. 243/2 Amount of radioactive material shall be expressed in curies (c). The accepted definition of the curie is:—The curie is a unit of radioactivity defined as the quantity of any radioactive nuclide in which the number of disintegrations per second is 3·700 × 1010. With this definition the curie is independent of the disintegration rate of radium. 1955Sci. Amer. July 50/3 The most powerful modern atomic bomb should release no more than 10 billion curies. 1963Jerrard & McNeill Dict. Sci. Units 37 The curie is too large for normal laboratory work where the radioactivity is generally of the order of millicuries. 1968Radiation Quantities & Units (Internat. Commission on Radiation Units & Measurements) 6 In accordance with the former definition of the curie as a unit of quantity of a radioactive nuclide, it was customary and correct to say: ‘Y curies of 32P were administered...’ It is still permissible to make such statements rather than use the longer form which is now correct: ‘A quantity of 32P was administered whose activity was Y curies.’ 1970Sci. Jrnl. Aug. 43/1 A single 1000 MWe reactor will therefore accumulate in its fuel many thousands of millions of curies of fission products.
2. curie point or temperature, a temperature at which the type of magnetism exhibited by a substance changes; spec. that at which a ferromagnetic substance, on being heated, loses its ferromagnetism and becomes paramagnetic; also, an analogous temperature for a ferroelectric substance, at which it either loses its ferroelectricity or becomes ferroelectric.
1911Physical Rev. XXXIII. 269 Weiss states that the ‘Curie point’ for cobalt is probably in the neighborhood of 1110° C. 1919Chem. Abstr. XIII. 951 At about 1280° Fe undergoes a transformation with respect to its magnetic properties and this is referred to here as the Curie or A4 point. 1925Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. CXII. 267 It will be observed that the line of magnetic transformation (the Curie points) in the γ-phase approaches the α to γ transformation curve. 1957Encycl. Brit. XIV. 650/1 The temperature at which any ferromagnetic material loses its magnetism is known as the Curie point; it is 770 °C. for iron and 358 °C. for cobalt. 1960McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. III. 623/2 The transition between ferrimagnetism and paramagnetism is also marked by a Curie temperature. 1967Electronics 6 Mar. 24/1 (Advt.), High skin temperatures demand an antenna with a high Curie point coupled with low loss characteristics at high frequencies. 1968Condon & Odishaw Handbk. Physics (ed. 2) iv. vii. 119 The ferroelectric range of Rochelle salt is very narrow and that of the phosphates and arsenates is limited to low temperatures. Both crystal types..are piezoelectric above the Curie point. |