| 释义 |
▪ I. raker1|ˈreɪkə(r)|
Also 4 rakyer.
[f. rake v.1]
1. One who rakes. Also with after, up.
1563Foxe A. & M. 37/1 Not repairers of peace, but rakers for money. 1619Hieron Minoritie of Saints Wks. 1632 II. 35 This cryeth shame vpon the rakers and scrapers of this world. 1641Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 36 Rakers⁓after should have charge given that they rake cleane. 1823J. Wilson Trials Marg. Lyndsay xxix. 76/1 She used, half in work, half in pastime, to join the merry band of rakers. 1854Milman Lat. Chr. viii. vii. 422 Greedy rakers up of gold. 1865E. Edwards Libraries 425 To rake from a dead man's private diaries and memoranda passages which it is hoped by the raker will cause pain.
2. spec. A scavenger, street-cleaner. Now arch.
1362Langl. P. Pl. A. v. 165 A ribibor, a ratoner, a rakere [v.r. rakyer] of Chepe. 1469Churchw. Acc. St. Mich. Cornhill, Paid to the raker for caryng awey of the chirche dust. 1535in Vicary's Anat. (1888) App. iii. 170 The Raker..shall have a horne, & blowe at euery mannes doore..to lay owt theyre offal. 1665Orders of Ld. Mayor Lond. in De Foe Plague (Rtldg.) 63 That the Sweeping..of Houses be..carry'd away by the Rakers. 1766Entick London IV. 17 A wharf used for a laystall, to which the rakers carry street-soil. 1817Act 57 Geo. III, c. 29 §59 The scavengers, rakers, or cleansers of the streets and public places. 1851in Mayhew Lond. Labour II. 210 Sewers' Office, Guildhall, London, Rakers' Duties, Midsummer, 1851, to Midsummer, 1852.
3.
†a. A gun so placed as to rake an enemy's vessel. Obs. rare—1.
a1625Fletcher Double Marr. ii. i, Every man to his charge, man her..wel, And place your rakers right.
b. Mining. (See quot.)
1883Gresley Gloss. Coal-mining, Rakers, shots placed round sumpers.
4. An implement for raking: spec.
a. A tool used by charcoal-burners. ? Obs.
b. An iron tool having pointed steel ends bent at a right angle in opposite directions, used in removing old mortar from the joints of walls.
c. A salt-rake.
d. (See quot. 1887.)
e. A gill-raker (see gill n.1 5).
1727Bradley Fam. Dict. s.v. Charcoal, Lastly, they do with the Handles of their Rakers, &c. make Vent-holes thro' the Stuff that covers the Heap. 1812–16J. Smith Panorama Sc. & Art I. 194 The raker..is employed to rake or scrape loose and decayed mortar out of the joints of walls. 1842Gwilt Archit. §1890 The tools used by the bricklayer..are..10. The raker. 1886Cheshire Gloss., Raker,..a piece of flat iron at the end of a long handle, used for raking the salt off the fires and to the sides of the pan. 1887Dict. Archit., Raker, an implement used in mixing lime and hair for plaster, or in making parget.
5. = raking-coal s.v. raking vbl. n.1 3. dial. Cf. rake v.1 5.
1858Geo. Eliot Scenes Clerical Life II. 250 The kitchen fire..was kept in under a huge ‘raker’—a possibility by which the coal of the midland counties atones for all its slowness and white ashes. c1909D. H. Lawrence Collier's Friday Night (1934) iii. 87 Ernest has come from the cellar with a large lump of coal, which he pushes down in the fireplace so that it shall not lodge and go out... He puts the candle on the table, and puts some coal on the fire, round the ‘raker’.
6. An inclined beam or strut.
1882C. H. Stock Treat. Shoring & Underpinning ii. 5 The outer shore is called the top raker, the middle shore the middle raker, and the lowest is called the bottom shore. 1887G. H. Blagrove Shoring ii. 32 The foot of the middle raker thrusts against a cleat bolted to the foot of the bottom shore. 1956Archit. Rev. CXX. 327/2 The existing balcony rakers, the main roof and the back stage parts were retained, but the stalls floor..was rebuilt. 1963M. J. Tomlinson Foundation Design & Construction vii. 404 A large pile cap is provided to counteract the uplift on the backward raker.
▪ II. raker2 colloq.|ˈreɪkə(r)|
[f. rake v.2 (cf. raking ppl. a.2), but prob. vaguely associated with prec.]
1. a. An extremely fast pace.
1876Coursing Calendar 38 Poacher, going a raker from Cannobie lea, never let the latter next the hare in a well-run course of good length. 1895Daily News 8 July 8/6 The pace home was a raker, the three boats throwing up great sheets of white water.
b. A good stroke at golf.
1899Golf Illustr. 15 Sept. 393/2 Vardon drove a ‘raker’ from the first tee, nearly hole high.
2. Sporting slang. A heavy bet, a ‘plunge’.
1869Bradwood The O.V.H. (1870) 339 His Lordship has gone a ‘raker’ for Lord of the Valley. |