| 释义 |
staniel, stannel|ˈstænjəl, ˈstænəl|
Forms: α. 1 stáneᵹella, stánᵹella, -ᵹilla, -ᵹylla, 5 stanyel, 7–8 staniel, 7 stanniell, 9 dial. stanniel, 7–9 Sc. stainyell; also corruptly 7 stallion. β. 7 stannell, 7–9 stannel. See also stanchel, stonegall.
[OE. stáneᵹella, stánᵹella, lit. ‘stone-yeller’ f. stán stone n. + *ᵹella agent-n. f. ᵹellan to yell (in OE. poetry used of the cry of the hawk).
The corrupt form stallion (quot. 1601 in 1 α) may have had dialectal currency; cf. the converse mispronunciation staniel for stallion, which is common in rustic speech. The spurious forms standgale, -gall, given in some recent dictionaries, are evolved from the etymologizing conjecture ‘stand-in-gale’ (Swainson, Prov. Names of Birds). The alleged Ger. synonym steingall, commonly cited by etymologists as cognate, is of doubtful genuineness. The 19th c. lexicographers seem to have obtained it, directly or indirectly, from the Vocabula of Peucer and Eber (1549). But although in this glossary the word is treated as German, its source appears to be William Turner's Avium Historia (Cologne 1544), where steingall is said to be the English word for tinnunculus. Turner's steingall prob. represents *steinᵹall; Gesner (1555) says that it is northern English. The English ornithologists of the 17th c., following Gesner, give steingall as an English name of the bird; Willughby's stone-gall is an etymologizing alteration of this.]
The kestrel, Tinnunculus alaudarius. Also applied contemptuously to a person, in allusion to the uselessness of the kestrel for the purposes of falconry. (Cf. kestrel b.)
In OE. a mistranslation of L. pellicanus (pelecanus) pelican.
αc825Vesp. Psalter ci. 7 Ᵹelic ᵹeworden ic eam staneᵹellan [L. pellicano] in woestenne. a1100Ags. Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 287/10 Pellicanus, stanᵹella and wanfota. c1475Pict. Voc. ibid. 758/32 Hic odorincicus, a stanyel. 1590J. Burel Pilgr. in Watson's Collect. (1709) ii. 28 The Stainzell and the Schakerstane. 1601Shakes. Twel. N. ii. v. 124 And with what wing the stallion checkes at it? 1630R. Brathwait Engl. Gentlem. (1641) 178 Owles, cuckowes, staniels and Popinjayes. 1659Lady Alimony i. iii. B 1, This Musæus is a Martiallist; and if I had not held him a feverish white-liver'd staniel..that Knight of the Sun, who imploy'd me should have done his errand himself. 1838Holloway Prov. Dict., Stanniel, a hawk.
β1601Holland Pliny x. xxxvii. I. 291 A Kestrill, or Stannell. 1678Ray Willughby's Ornithol. 84 The Kestrel, Stannel, or Stonegall. 1688Clayton Virginia iv. in Phil. Trans. XVII. 989 There are several sorts of the lesser kind of Stannels. 1863H. G. Adams Birds of Prey 47 The Kestrel..Stonegall, Steingall or Stannel.
Comb.1797T. Bewick Brit. Birds I. 36 The Kestrel... Stannel Hawk.
Hence † ˈstanielry, staniel-like cowardice.
1659Lady Alimony v. ii. I 4, All that Puny-pen feather'd Ayry of Buzardisme and Stanielry. |