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单词 carriage
释义

carriagen.

Brit. /ˈkarɪdʒ/, U.S. /ˈkɛrɪdʒ/
Forms: Middle English carige, Middle English caryge, Middle English karyage, Middle English–1600s carage, Middle English–1600s cariag, Middle English–1600s cariage, Middle English–1600s carrage, Middle English–1600s carryage, Middle English–1600s caryage, 1500s cariadg, 1500s–1600s cariadge, 1500s–1600s caridge, 1500s–1600s carraige, 1500s–1600s carriadg, 1500s–1600s carriadge, 1500s–1600s carriag, 1500s–1600s carridge, 1500s–1600s carrige, 1500s– carriage; Scottish pre-1700 cairedge, pre-1700 cairiage, pre-1700 carage, pre-1700 careag, pre-1700 careage, pre-1700 careaidge, pre-1700 carechis (plural), pre-1700 cariadg, pre-1700 cariag, pre-1700 cariage, pre-1700 carieg, pre-1700 carradgies (plural), pre-1700 carrage, pre-1700 carrege, pre-1700 carriadg, pre-1700 carriadge, pre-1700 carriag, pre-1700 carrig, pre-1700 carrige, pre-1700 caryag, pre-1700 caryage, pre-1700 kaireag, pre-1700 kariage, pre-1700 karyage, pre-1700 1700s– carriage.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman cariage, kariage (also chariage , charriage ) transportation, especially by cart (early 14th cent. or earlier), taxation for transportation of goods (13th cent.), carts collectively (13th cent.), baggage train of an army (13th cent.), means of transport (14th cent.), goods to be carried (14th cent.), duty of providing transportation (15th cent.) < carier carry v. + -age -age suffix. Compare Old French, Middle French, French charriage (1294). Compare post-classical Latin carrigium cart (8th cent.; < classical Latin carrus car n.1), and ( < Anglo-Norman) post-classical Latin cariagium, carriagium transport, transportation, cost of this, obligation to provide transportation (11th cent.; frequently from 12th cent. in British sources), means of transport, vehicle (frequently from 13th cent. in British sources), baggage train of an army (14th cent.).
I. A means of carrying, transporting, or conveying something, and related senses.
†1. The means of conveying or transporting something from one place to another; (in early use often) spec. vehicles or horses collectively. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > [noun] > collectively
carriagea1387
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 391 He forbeed alle men al manere cariage þat gooþ uppon wheles [L. vehiculorum].
1421 in Archæol. Jrnl. (1850) 7 57 (MED) And saides Nich', Will'am, John', And Rog' schall fynd cariage of all manere of free stane..to ye forsaide brigg'.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin x. 144 On the tother side come all the cariage of the londe, that brought vitaile.
?1525 A. Barclay tr. Sallust Cron. Warre agaynst Iugurth (new ed.) xliv. f. lviiv He commaunded that all the beestes whiche serued for cariage, shulde be vnladen of all suche baggage and burthens as they caried.
1612 Bp. J. Hall in J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. Commend. Pref. sig. §v Knowing languages to be the carryage of knowledge.
1710 Act 9 Anne c. 11 §7 in Statutes of Realm (1963) IX. 395 Letters and Packets passing or repassing by the Carriage called the Peny Post.
1800 Duke of Wellington Let. 12 Apr. in Dispatches (1837) I. 104 To proceed with that quantity for which they have at present carriage.
2. A vehicle, animal, etc., used as a means of conveying or transporting something from one place to another. In later use usually with modifying word indicating the type of carriage, esp. in wheel carriage (wheel-carriage n. 2) or wheeled carriage; cf. sense 3.figurative in quot. a1398.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > [noun]
passagec1300
carriagea1398
port1598
conveyancea1616
vehicle1641
conveniency1660
convenience1671
machine1687
voiture1698
transportation1853
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. iii. xxii. 123 We schal nouȝt trowe þat þis spirit is in any [emended in ed. to is manys] resonable soule but more soþely þe chare þerif [read þerof] and cariage [L. vehiculum].
1445–6 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Feb. 1445 §47. m. 3 Achatours of the duk of Gloucestr'..taken from day to day of the pouere lieges of the kyng..all maner of vitaill and cariages withoute any paiement.
?a1527 in Regulations & Establishm. Househ. Earl of Northumberland (1905) 873 Ther shall be a Caryage apontide at every Remevall for the Cariage of my Lordes Childre Stuff.
1665 G. Havers tr. P. della Valle Trav. E. India 90 One of those Carriages which the Portugals call Rete..a net of cords ty'd at the head and feet, and hanging down from a great Indian Cane.
1740 S. Johnson Drake in Gentleman's Mag. Dec. 603 The most useful Animals of this Country..serving as Carriages over Rocks and Mountains.
1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker I. 67 The poor chairmen and their carriages.
1847 Act 10 & 11 Victoria c. 89 §38 Every wheeled Carriage..used in standing or plying for Hire in any Street.
1852 De Bow's Rev. May 469 The processions on this occasion are very lively, whilst the display of palanquin carriages adds to the gayness of the scene.
2005 A. Amoia in A. Amoia & B. Knapp Great Women Trav. Writers (2006) v. 74 The harem of a wealthy Muslim slowly being drawn to the location in open arabas (wheeled carriages) draped in red woolen cloth embroidered with gold and silver.
3.
a. Any wheeled vehicle; esp. one used to carry or transport goods or supplies; a cart, a wagon. In later use usually with distinguishing word indicating the type or purpose of the vehicle.Cart and wagon are more usual terms in these contexts after the development of sense 3b.See also convoy carriage n., drug-carriage n., jenny carriage n., pole carriage n., shopping carriage n.
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society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles according to means of motion > vehicle moving on wheels > [noun]
carriagea1450
wheel-carriage1733
wheeler1886
a1450 ( tr. Vegetius De Re Militari (Douce) (1988) 152 Ȝif eny cariage stombliþ þeronne, hit stikiþ fast or ouerþroweþ.
1562 P. Whitehorne tr. N. Machiavelli Arte of Warre iii. f. xli Euery ten menne of armes, should haue fiue carriages.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Charroy, a cart, or other cariage.
1693 in J. Barmby Churchwardens' Accts. Pittington (1888) 210 For mending the church gate that carriages comes in at, 2s. 6d.
1711 London Gaz. No. 4935/4 Wheels of all manner of Carriages.
1741 Act 14 Geo. II c. 42 §5 Carts, waggons, or other carriages, employed only about Husbandry, or carrying of only Cheese, Butter, Hay, Straw, Corn.
1838 H. Parnell Treat. Roads (ed. 2) 402 There is as much traffic in parts of the road where the coal carriages go, as in some parts of the streets of London.
1908 Bull. Internat. Labour Office 3 80 Weights that may be carried on handcarts with two wheels, such as hand barrows, drays, hand carriages, etc.
2001 Patriot Ledger (Quincy, Mass.) (Nexis) 10 Aug. A young girl in the program who has a ‘strong personality’ would not let Devin, or other children, play with the child-sized grocery carriage.
b. A wheeled vehicle for carrying passengers; spec. one designed for elegance and comfort and kept for private travel and recreation by people of wealth or high social status in the era before the motor car, typically four-wheeled and drawn by two or more horses. Cf. Phrases 2, Compounds 3.The usual sense from the late 18th to the early 20 cent. Coach was the usual word from the 16th to the early 18th cent., after which time carriage became increasingly common, esp. with reference to private vehicles. Now chiefly in historical contexts or with reference to the sport of carriage driving.See also carriage of respect n., donkey-carriage n., dress carriage n., flying carriage, hackney carriage n., mourning carriage n., pleasure carriage n., pony carriage n., sofa-carriage n., stage-carriage n., travelling carriage.
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society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > carriage for conveying persons > [noun]
cartc1175
whirlicotec1381
conveyancea1616
charrey1640
carriage1727
button1794
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > carriage for conveying persons > [noun] > types of carriage > for private driving
carriage1727
1727 Devil drove out of Warping-bar 12 Much rather go on foot all the Days of his Life, than ride in a Carriage.
1751 T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle II. lvi. (heading) 145 Our Hero is captivated by a lady in that carriage.
1813 J. Austen Pride & Prejudice III. iii. 59 While Mr. Darcy was attending them to their carriage, Miss Bingley was venting her feelings in criticisms on Elizabeth's person, behaviour, and dress.
1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) viii. 66 A carriage and four splendid horses.
1884 M. E. Braddon Ishmael xxix I wonder that you can drive in an open carriage in such weather.
1998 Carriage Driving Aug. 44/1 A nudge bar prevents a post in an obstacle becoming trapped between the body of the carriage and the wheel if the driver has driven too close.
2002 P. F. J. Eagles & S. F. McCool Tourism in National Parks ii. 28 Charles I..opened Hyde Park to the public for the first time and had the ring road laid out, providing a drive for people to show off lavish horses and carriages.
c. Any of the separate sections of a train in which passengers travel; a railway carriage.Partly synonymous with coach n. 3; one or other tends to occur in specific contexts, e.g. first-class carriage but three-coach train.Not commonly used in North America, where car is the usual term.See also composite carriage n., corridor carriage n., dining carriage, ladies' carriage n., parliamentary carriage n., saloon carriage, smoking-carriage n.
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society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [noun] > railway wagon or carriage > carriage designed to carry passengers
steam-carriage1788
railway carriage1824
carriage1825
railroad carriage1826
railroad car1829
railroad coach1829
rail carriage1831
coach1832
passenger car1832
steam-car1833
passenger carriage1838
passenger coach1841
day coach1869
bogie1919
clockwork orange1978
1825 Courier 22 Sept. A Superior Locomotive Engine, on the most Improved Construction, will be employed, with a train of convenient Carriages for the conveyance of the Proprietors and Strangers.
1859 Carriage Builders' & Harness Makers' Art Jrnl. 1 66/1 A train started from Worcester at half-past three, p.m., and consisted of six carriages with an engine and tender.
1921 A. Huxley Crome Yellow i. 2 What right had he to sit in the sunshine, to occupy corner seats in third-class carriages, to be alive?
1958 J. Betjeman Coll. Poems 265 The train at Pershore station was waiting that Sunday night Gas light on the platform, in my carriage electric light.
2018 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 18 Aug. 16 I wander from carriage to carriage..to the front of the train as we hurtle through Sydney's western suburbs and on to the mountains.
d. Chiefly North American. A pram; (also) a pushchair, a stroller. Cf. baby carriage n. at baby n. and adj. Compounds 1g.
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society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicle pushed or pulled by person > [noun] > perambulator for child
mail-cart1767
baby carriage1825
carriage1829
go-cart1853
perambulator1853
pushcart1853
bassinet1855
baby buggy1862
buggy1862
gypsy cab1864
baby coach1866
pushcar1867
pram1881
wagon1887
pushchair1893
kiddy car1918
stroller1920
pusher1953
1829 Bristol Mercury 12 May The cleaning of a baby's carriage.
1920 Sears, Roebuck Catal. Fall 1049/2 Stroller style carriage.
1980 Redbk. Oct. 202/1 These are blessed moments when Nicky is lulled to sleep by the gentle motion of the carriage bumping over the pavement stones.
2007 Lincoln (Nebraska) Jrnl. Star (Nexis) 9 Sept. (City ed.) c1 A young mom pushes her baby in a carriage.
4.
a. The wheeled support on which a piece of ordnance is mounted; a gun carriage. Also more generally: any wheeled support for moving a heavy object.devil carriage n., field carriage n., galloping carriage, garrison-carriage n.: see the first element.
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society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > gun carriage > [noun]
stock1496
carriage1562
sea-carriage1669
gun-carriage1769
devil carriage1794
devil-cart1797
sleigh1797
galloper carriage1802
garrison-carriage1872
galloping carriage1883
1562 P. Whitehorne tr. N. Machiavelli Arte of Warre vii. f. xcvii To make the carriage of the artillerie with the spokes of the wheele crooked.
1685 N. Boteler Six Dialogues Sea-services 277 They use with these nails to fasten a Coin..unto the deck, close to the Breech of the carriages of the great Guns to help keep them firm up.
1776 W. Heath in J. Sparks Corr. Amer. Revol. (1853) I. 278 I should be glad to have the carriages for the four pounders sent forward.
1857 Times 3 Jan. 5/6 The piece..is mounted upon a carriage which bears a general resemblance to that of an ordinary 6-pounder field gun.
1983 Technol. & Culture 24 13 The mines also tried the Burleigh ‘mining’ drill mounted on a carriage.
2010 C. McKay Big Ben viii. 113/2 The massive hour bell was turned on its side and then wheeled on a carriage into the clock tower.
2017 A. Konstam Big Guns iv. 75 Gribeauval also designed..field forges to repair the guns and carriages in the field.
b. The framework which supports the body of a carriage, coach, or similar vehicle; the undercarriage of a horse-drawn vehicle. Cf. perch carriage n. at perch n.1 Compounds, fore-carriage n. 2, undercarriage n. a.Recorded earliest in compounds (cf. carriage maker n. (b) at Compounds 4).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > parts of cart or carriage > [noun] > frame of cart or carriage
carriage1781
undercarriage1794
under-framing1862
1781 Bristol Poll-bk. 45 Warren James coach-wheel and carriage-maker.
1840 Descr. Her Majesty's State Coach in Oddfellows' Mag. 6 148 The whole of the carriage and body is richly ornamented.
1998 Carriage Driving Oct. 25/1 A perch carriage with C springs and undersprings.
5. A belt or similar strap of material used to carry an object on one's person, e.g. a strap or harness used to carry a drum, or a strap used to attach a cavalry officer's sword or sabretache to his belt.In quot. 1603: a girdle (girdle n.1 1a) or hanger (hanger n.2 4b) used to carry a rapier.
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society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > sharp weapon > side arms > sword > [noun] > sword-belt > attachments
hanger1599
carriage1603
frog1700
girdle-hanger1921
1603 W. Shakespeare Hamlet v. ii. 118 Ham. The cariages sir, I do not know what you meane. Gent. The girdles, and hangers sir, and such like. Ham. The worde had beene more cosin german to the phrase, if he could haue carried the canon by his side.
1746 Rep. Comm. State of His Majesty's Land Forces & Marines in Rep. Comm. House of Commons (1803) II. 172 20 Drum Carriages, at 10l.
1794 Coll. State Papers War against France I. 140 (table) Brass drum with carriage and sticks.
1833 United Service Mag. Aug. 565 Sword Belt. Blue morocco leather, lined, full one inch and a half wide in the girdle; single one inch wide, sword slings on carriages.
1879 in G. F. Jackson Shropshire Word-bk. Carriage, a sling attached to the leathern girdle worn by a mower, in which he carries the whetstone at his back.
1902 Sheffield Daily Tel. 24 Dec. 9/5 The short carriage of his sword belt, together with his trumpet, was carried away by a shot.
1994 S. L. Stanton U.S. Army Uniforms Cold War iii. 42/1 His baldric, worn as a shoulder belt symbol of office, was reminiscent of the carriage used to support eighteenth-century field drums.
6. A movable part of a machine which carries or supports another part or thing; esp. the part of a typewriter which moves the platen (platen n. 3b) to the next typing position after each key is struck.paper carriage, type-carriage, etc.: see the first element.
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society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > other parts > [noun] > carriage
carriage1659
wheel-carriage1845
roller slide1907
1659 J. Howell Particular Vocab. §li in Lex. Tetraglotton (1660) The ducks bill, the frisket, the blankets, the carriage, the stay of the carriage, the ribs, the cramp-irons, [etc.].
1770 P. Luckombe Conc. Hist. Printing 324 Before the Carriage is laid on the Ribs, [the pressman] besmears the two edges of the Plank..well with soap or grease.
1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) IV. 395/2 From seven hundred to nine hundred spindles..arranged upon the ‘carriage’, or movable part of the mule.
1980 M. Bail Homesickness iv. 187 The banging carriages of thousands of electric typewriters.
2019 Plus Patent News (Va., U.S.) (Nexis) 2 Jan. A laser beam machine has a laser head.., and a movement unit.., which movement unit has a linearly moving machine portal and a transverse carriage.
7. Agriculture. An artificial channel for conveying water, esp. a drainage channel. In later use English regional (chiefly southern) (now historical). Cf. water carriage n. 4, carrier n.1 6.
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the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > channel for conveyance of water
water leatOE
water lade1224
leat1279
watergang1293
sow1316
trough1398
wissinga1400
lanec1420
waterway1431
water leasow1440
watercoursea1450
fleam1523
lead1541
cut1548
aqueducta1552
lake1559
strand1565
race1570
channel1581
watergauge1597
gout1598
server1610
carriage1669
runnel1669
aquage1706
shoot1707
tewel1725
run1761
penstock1763
hulve1764
way-gang1766
culvert1774
flume1784
shute1790
pentrough1793
raceway1793
water carriage1793
carrier1794
conductor1796
water carrier1827
penchute1875
chute1878
by-cut1883
1669 J. Worlidge Systema Agriculturæ iii. 21 Let the main Carriage narrow by degrees, and so let it narrow till the end that the Water may press into the lesser carriages, that issue all along from the main.
1686 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Staffs. ix. 356 Smaller carriages or trenches 40 or 50 yards asunder.
1704 Dict. Rusticum at Drains The lesser Drains must be made among the Carriages in the lowest places.
1883 W. H. Cope Gloss. Hampshire Words Carriage, a drain, water carriage.
1953 Wilts. Archæol. & Nat. Hist. Mag. Dec. 105 In the main and branch carriages ‘stops’ were erected to obstruct the course of the water and keep it high enough to flow through the ‘sluices’ into the carriages that carried it over the surface of the land.
†8. Canadian. A route for carrying boats and supplies from one navigable waterway to another, or past a waterfall, rapids, or other obstruction; = portage n.1 5b. Cf. carry n.1 5a. See also sense 14c. Obsolete.
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society > travel > travel by water > propelling other than by sail or oars > [noun] > by dragging or carrying over land > place of
carrying place1689
portage1698
halover1699
carriage placea1710
carriagea1724
carry1838
a1724 H. Kelsey Papers (1929) 2 Through Rivers wch run strong with falls, thirty three Carriages five lakes in all.
1744 A. Dobbs Acct. Countries adjoining Hudson's Bay 34 The River..having about 30 Falls..where they must carry their Canoes. Two or three of them are Carriages of a League or two.
9.
a. Architecture. A framework supporting the steps of a staircase.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > stairs > [noun] > stringers
stair-tree1374
sister1518
rail1679
string1711
carriage1758
rough string1819
notch-board1823
bridgeboard1842
stringer1883
1758 W. Pain Builder's Compan. (title page) Profils of Stairs to shew the Manner of setting Carriages for the Steps.
1823 P. Nicholson New Pract. Builder 188 This additional wood-work, which is necessary to the firmness and durability of the construction, is called the carriage of the stairs.
1944 D. E. Warland Teach yourself Constructional Details vii. 108 The carriage may be notched to receive the stairs.
2003 F. Vogt Resid. Constr. Acad.: Carpentry xvi. 507/1 Usually, three carriages are used for residential staircases of average width.
b. The supporting part of a bearing (bearing n.1 13).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > shaft > [noun] > parts of > support or bearing
headstock1688
brass1731
bearing1734
carriage1788
step1814
bearance1826
footstep1836
cod1839
pivot bearing1851
roller bearing1857
thrust-bearing1858
step-plate1869
thrust-bearer1869
needle bearing1870
journal-bearing1875
wall-bearing1875
plain bearing1893
tumbler-bearing1901
split bearing1902
sleeve bearing1907
thrust-box1918
taper roller bearing1930
1788 J. Smeaton in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 79 3 A piece of brass, or brass carriage, made to fit upon the vertical part of the meridian..This piece of brass carries the spindle.
1915 U.S. Patent 1,130,017 2/1 These carriages simply serve to hold the balls in proper spaced relation.
2005 Eureka Dec. 31 Vee bearings are used to create accurate sliding systems, especially in applications where ball bushings or re-circulating ball carriages are prone to dust and dirt.
†c. Railways. A piece of iron supporting the ends of two successive lengths of rail at their meeting point; = chair n.1 12(a). Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > track > parts and fittings of rails
string-piece1789
carriage1816
chair1816
pedestal1816
surface plate1822
web1835
frog1837
switch-bar1837
snake-head1845
fish1847
fish-joint1849
plate nail1849
fishing-key1852
fish-plate1855
joint-chair1856
rail chair1864
railhead1868
lead1871
fish-bar1872
splice-piece1875
fish-plating1881
splice-jointa1884
splice-bar1894
1816 W. Losh & G. Stephenson Specif. Patent 4067 6 The half lap joinings of the rails c, c placed in their carriages.
II. A thing which is carried, and related senses. Now only in occasional historical uses.
10.
†a. A load or burden carried by a person, animal, vehicle, etc. In later use with preceding modifying word, as in heavy carriage, light carriage, etc.: a particular commodity, manufacture, etc., regarded in terms of the ease or difficulty of its transportation as a load. Also figurative: a burden or weight of affliction, responsibility, etc. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance by carrying > [noun] > by a person > a load
back-burden?c1225
load?c1225
carriagea1398
birth1497
freight1618
porterage1666
headload1795
backload1823
the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > types or manners of hindrance > [noun] > encumberment > burdensomeness > a burden
burdenc971
chargec1300
packa1325
burnc1375
fardelc1380
weightc1380
carriagea1556
load1600
taxa1628
overpoise1697
dead weight1720
backload1725
millstone1787
tin kettle1796
nightmare-weight1847
ball and chain1855
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xviii. xix. 1156 Cameles beþ..y-ordeyned to bere charge and cariage [L. pondera] of men.
1442 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Jan. 1442 §14. m. 11 Hit be lefull to the makers..to have free entry and issue, with their tymbre, cariage, and othir stuffe.
a1500 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Gough) (1905) 273 (MED) Þen come þer a cart wyth caryge.
1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. lv Their horses with caryages entred in: and the two that came last [were] laden with coles.
a1556 N. Udall Ralph Roister Doister (?1566) iii. ii. sig. D.iij Doth not loue lade you? C. Custance. I feele no such cariage.
1583 G. Babington Very Fruitfull Expos. Commaundem. viii. 382 The pismire..whose many little cariages..make a great heape at last.
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes Ep. Ded. sig. A3v When our backs be broke, they must take vp the carriage.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) v. i. 3 Time Goes vpright with his carriage . View more context for this quotation
1726 D. Defoe Brief Case Distillers 6 The Corn and Coals which they consume, being a bulky and heavy Carriage, and not to be easily brought far by Land.
1757 R. Maxwell Pract. Husbandman 383 It is inexhaustible on the Hills, and Ashes are a very light Carriage.
1867 Farmer's Mag. Feb. 150/2 Such heavy carriage as potatoes.
1897 Chambers's Jrnl. 2 Jan. 16/1 Oysters, being heavy carriage, must have taken much longer.
b. A cartload of something, as a measure of quantity. Cf. burden n. 3. Now historical and rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > [noun] > of loads > a load
ladec897
seamc950
lastOE
burdena1000
charge?c1225
load?c1225
burnc1375
draughta1400
summerc1400
portage1445
pauchlea1450
fraughtc1450
freightc1503
loadinga1513
carriage1597
ballast1620
cargo1657
porterage1666
freightage1823
smalls1846
journey1859
send-off1909
payload1914
the world > relative properties > measurement > the scientific measurement of volume > measure(s) of capacity > amount defined by capacity > [noun] > a load as a quantity
load?c1225
tod1530
carriage1597
turn1792
burn1855
1597 S. Finche Let. 3 Mar. in A. C. Ducarel Some Acct. Town Croydon (1783) App. 156 We get in carriages of stone and bricke.
1704 Dict. Rusticum (at cited word) Carage of Lime; is 64 Bushels.
1805 R. Forsyth Beauties Scotl. I. 519 Bringing..carriages of lime.
1883 W. H. Cope Gloss. Hampshire Words 14 I expect he'll have a carriage of wheat in Basingstoke market o' Wednesday.
1962 Agric. Hist. Rev. 10 36 In his lease of 1739 Robert Williamson was not to plough or sow more than three times before spreading..four loads or carriages of lime, each containing thirty-two bushels,..on every acre.
†11.
a. The baggage, equipment, or supplies of an army or armed force. Also: the baggage train of an army; the men guarding or in charge of it. Cf. baggage n. 2. Obsolete.Originally in collective singular; later often in plural.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military organization > logistics > [noun] > provision or procurement of supplies > supplies > portable equipment and stores
carriagec1440
baggage1489
impediment?c1550
fardage1578
impedimenta1600
park1755
luggages1864
c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure l. 2282 (MED) Thay kaire to þe karyage and tuke whate them likes, Kamells and sekadrisses and cofirs full riche.
1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) viii. 275 Ye cariage & ye powyrall..Behynd him levyt he all still.
1577 R. Stanyhurst Hist. Irelande iii. 80/1 in R. Holinshed Chron. I The carriage was dragging after the army, and slenderly manned.
1598 R. Grenewey tr. Tacitus Annales i. xi. 21 The cariages inclosed in the middest [L. mediis impedimentis].
1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. ix. iv. 440/1 The King..had sent his maine Armie to conduct the Carriages.
1644 H. Slingsby Diary (1836) 130 His carriage could not pass.
1655 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. I. iii. 98 To burn their Cariages, and Tents.
b. Possessions or property taken by a person on a journey; esp. the bags, cases, etc., used to hold personal belongings while travelling; baggage, luggage. Obsolete.Originally in collective singular; later often in plural.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > aspects of travel > a journey > [noun] > equipment for a journey > baggage
trousseauc1230
harnessc1330
fardel1388
flittinga1400
stuff?a1400
baggagec1430
trussellc1440
carriagec1450
trussagec1500
traffic1538
trussery1548
traffe1566
sumpture1567
truss1587
needment1590
luggage1596
sumptery1620
piece1809
traps1813
roll-up1831
dunnage1834
kit1834
way baggage1836
swag1853
drum1861
swag bag1892
c1450 (?c1400) Three Kings Cologne (Cambr. Ee.4.32) (1886) 40 Euery kyng..had with hym his cariage, þat is to seye beestys, as oxen and schepe and oþer beestis þat longeþ to mannys lyvyng and sustynaunce.
1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) II. 1123/2 This Cardinall [sc. Wolsey]..hauyng in hys cariage lxxx. wagones.
1598 R. Hakluyt tr. W. de Rubruquis in Princ. Navigations (new ed.) I. 94 Constrained at euery baite to take downe my carriages, and to lift them up againe on sundry horses backs.
1611 Bible (King James) Acts xxi. 15 We tooke vp our cariages, & went vp to Hierusalem.
1655 tr. C. Sorel Comical Hist. Francion ix. 2 A little Waggon..to be made here, to put my Carriages in it, which is too heavy for my Sumpter-horse.
1743 R. Poole Journey France (1744) I. 200 I would greatly have lessen'd my Carriage, and my expence also thereby.
†12. figurative. The meaning, substance, or import of a passage, speech, text, etc. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > meaning of linguistic unit > drift, tenor, purport > [noun]
sentence?c1225
intent1303
tenora1387
intendment1390
strengthc1390
porta1393
meaningc1395
process1395
continencea1398
purposec1400
substance1415
purport1422
matterc1450
storyc1450
containing1477
contenu1477
retinue1484
fecka1500
content1513
drift1526
intention1532
vein1543
importing1548
scope1549
importance1552
course1553
force1555
sense?1556
file1560
intelliment?1562
proporta1578
preport1583
import1588
importment1602
carriage1604
morala1616
significancy1641
amount1678
purview1688
sentiment1713
capacity1720
spirit1742
message1828
thrust1968
messaging1977
1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet i. i. 93 By the same comart, And carriage of the article desseigne. View more context for this quotation
1607 S. Hieron Spirituall Sonne-ship in Wks. (1620) I. 367 This was the question, as appeareth by the whole carriage of the former chapter.
1619 T. Milles tr. P. Mexia et al. Αρχαιο-πλουτος ii. ii. 112/1 The Hebrew Text hath no other carriage.
III. The action of carrying something, and related senses.
13. A service of providing transportation for goods or supplies, owed by a tenant to a landlord; a payment made in lieu of this service. Also more generally: a rent, tax, or duty. Cf. average n.1 Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > payment or service to feudal superior > [noun] > other customary or feudal dues
land-cheapc848
manredlOE
horngeldc1170
tithing penny1192
averpenny1253
wattle-silver1263
faldfee?a1300
filstinga1300
horn-pennyc1320
common finea1325
wrongeld1340
yule-waitingc1380
lark silver1382
carriagec1400
week-silver1430
aida1475
average1489
castle-boon15..
winage1523
casualty?1529
fry money1530
casualityc1568
white hart silver1594
hornage1611
issues of homage1646
lef-silver1660
frith-silver1669
cert-money1670
aver-silver1847
socage1859
society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > payment or service to feudal superior > [noun] > payment in lieu of service > others
sharn-penny1200
reap-silver1299
salt-silver1363
shepherd silvera1377
waking-silver1390
carriagec1400
plough-silver1423
cuddy15..
reap-penny1843
c1400 Brut (Rawl. B. 171) 268 So he made his takyngus as tochyng vitailes, and also of cariages.
c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Friar's Tale (Hengwrt) (1872) l. 1570 Heere wynne I no thyng vp-on cariage.
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Parson's Tale (Ellesmere) (1877) §752 Men been distreyned by taylages, custumes and cariages.
1473 in C. Rogers Rental Bk. Cupar-Angus (1879) I. 177 Tha beand asolȝeit of al vthir cariage.
c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xv. 98 I am maid ane slaue of my body to ryn and rashe in arrage & carriage.
c1571 E. Campion Two Bks. Hist. Ireland (1963) ii. viii. 111 The Irishe impositions of quinio and lyvery, cartinges, cariages, lodinges.
1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. Pref. 2 He [sc. Solomon] had..troubled them with some cariages.
1703 Bp. T. Wilson in J. Keble Life T. Wilson: Pt. I (1863) 194 To leave all such carriages, Boones and services on the same foot as already provided for by Law.
1755 in United Presbyter. Mag. Apr. (1884) 156 To answer all carriages and days' dargs exacted by the laird.
1835 Tomlins' Law Dict. Arriage and carriage, indefinite services prohibited by 20 Geo. II. c. 50 §21, 22.
1998 T. M. Devine in S. Foster et al. Sc. Power Centres 154 It was also common for feudal services as arriage, carriage, and thirlage to be required alongside the new guides to rotations in many of the same contracts.
14.
a. The action of carrying or conveying something, esp. goods or supplies, from one place to another; transportation. Also occasionally: an instance of this.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > [noun]
carryinga1382
passinga1382
carriage1423
portage1423
traduction1500
transporting1500
conveyancec1520
transportation1540
convoy1554
wafting1559
transportage1562
convey1587
portation1598
transportance1609
transport1611
weftage1615
conducta1618
vecture1625
vectitation1656
transit1753
messagerie1878
conveyal1886
intermodalism1979
the world > movement > transference > [noun] > conveying or transporting
adductiona1398
carriage1423
conveying1483
transporting1500
conveyancec1520
convey1587
transportance1609
transport1611
transvection1615
transportal1837
society > authority > subjection > service > feudal service > [noun] > specific service
bedrip1226
needbedripc1284
sorren1289
penny-eartha1300
corvée1340
plough-boon1388
timber-lodec1400
carriage1423
sickle-boon1438
foreign servicea1475
average1489
castle-guard1576
boonage1610
reaping day1657
reap day1663
archery1691
boon-work1883
bene-rip-
1423 in Archaeologia Cantiana (1880) 13 562 (MED) For Caryage of same lyme and sand.
a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Gen. xlv. 19 That thei take waynes..to the cariage [E.V. a1425 Corpus Oxf. kariyng] of her litle children.
1547 Act 1 Edward VI c. v §5 in Statutes of Realm (1963) IV. i.10 The cariage or conveyaunce of anny horses..into Scotelande.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) iii. iv. 188 Least..I be suspected of Your carriage from the Court. View more context for this quotation
1693 T. Urquhart & P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais 3rd Bk. Wks. lii. 422 Their Carriages by Wains and Carts of the Wines.
1700 J. Colbatch Acct. Court of Portugal 50 Even while he was of those Years when one would think his Governours should be responsible for his Carriage.
1826 J. S. Sebright Observ. Hawking (1828) 35 By constant carriage..and by frequent brushing with a feather, he [sc. a hawk] will at length learn to feed freely on the fist.
1924 Amer. Econ. Rev. 14 234 Charges were to be so designed as to ensure the maximum development and extension..of the carriage of merchandise and passengers.
2005 Jrnl. Soc. Army Hist. Res. 83 262 By June 10,000 pairs of shoes were available for carriage to Nuremberg depot.
b. The business or practice of transporting goods or merchandise from one place to another; the commercial transport of goods.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > transport of goods in a vehicle > [noun]
loadc1000
freight1463
carriage?1523
running1825
haulage1826
long haul1839
freighting1856
freightage1872
transport-riding1900
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xli The erth swelleth and bolneth..with treadyng and specially with caryage.
1684 Bp. G. Burnet tr. T. More Utopia 73 The Streets are made very convenient for all Carriage.
1769 E. Burke Observ. Late State Nation 13 A large, nay the largest, proportion of carriage had been engrossed by neutral nations.
1834 R. Southey Doctor I. 214 The whole carriage of the northern counties..was performed by pack-horses.
1907 Geogr. Jrnl. 30 13 Powerful steamers can be used for carriage or haulage.
2016 A. Rogers et al. Cases & Materials on Carriage of Goods by Sea (ed. 4) 503 Sea carriage does not have the same risks as air carriage which does not have the same risks as road carriage which does not have the same risks as rail carriage.
†c. Canadian. The action or an act of carrying boats and goods from one navigable waterway to another, or past a waterfall, rapids, or other obstruction; a journey made carrying boats in this way; = portage n.1 5a. Cf. carry n.1 5b. See also sense 8. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > propelling other than by sail or oars > [noun] > by dragging or carrying over land
carriagec1685
portage1698
portaging1836
carry1860
c1685 P.-E. Radisson Coll. Writings (2012) I. 217 We weare come above three hundred leaugues allwayes against the stream and made sixty carriages.
a1710 P.-E. Radisson Voy. (1885) 192 Having passed that place, we made a carriage through the land for 2 leagues.
1760 tr. T. Pichon Genuine Lett. & Mem. Islands Cape Breton, & St. John 43 After making a carriage for about a quarter of a mile through a plantation of fir, we arrived at the creek.
15.
a. The cost of transporting goods, supplies, etc.; esp. the price paid to a carrier to have something transported.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > [noun] > carriage of goods, etc.
portage1423
carriage1425
portage money1552
porterage1611
port1615
carrying cost1846
traffic1887
1425 W. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 2 Þis werk shal be strong..and drawe but litill cariage.
a1500 (a1477) Black Bk. (Soc. of Antiquaries) in A. R. Myers Househ. Edward IV (1959) 165 The king geuith no tolle at ony myll but geuyth money for..caryage after the distance of a myle to the bakehous.
1672 J. Collins Let. 14 Mar. in Corr. I. Newton (1959) I. 118 The first I adventure to send you by the Post, the Carriage is paid here at 5 pence every whole sheete.
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Carriage, also denotes the money or hire paid to a carrier, or other bearer of goods. The carriage of letters is called postage.
1866 J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Agric. & Prices I. xx. 504 Sometimes the carriage is given as a separate item.
1928 Financial Times 6 Dec. 5/5 Heavy carriage may be incurred on imported mineral oil.
2000 R. W. Holder Taunton Cider & Langdons ii. 9 On the other hand, with carriage to be paid, only the rich could afford the luxury of going into the market for a quality product when that produced locally was so cheap.
b. A customs duty levied on the transportation of goods. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > duty on goods > duty on transport of goods > [noun]
land-leave?c1357
portage1588
carriage1610
portage duty1640
caphara1701
transit duty1753
pass duty1862
1610 W. Folkingham Feudigraphia iii. iv. 70 Immunities and Exemptions from Theolonie, Pontage,..Passage, Tranage,..Cariage, &c.
1771 E. Ledwich Antiquitates Sarisburienses 80 Free from Toll, Pontage, Passage, Pasture, Lestage, Stallage, Carriage and every other Custom.
2001 D. R. Carr First Gen. Entry Bk. City of Salisbury p. xiii Freedom from toll, pontage, carriage, stallage, and pannage throughout the kingdom placed the bishop and his citizens in an enviable economic position.
16. The carrying out or execution of a task, enterprise, etc.; the management or administration of affairs; (also, esp. in early use) an instance or example of this. In later use usually in formal, esp. legal, contexts. Now somewhat archaic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > continuing > following up, through, or prosecution > [noun]
suinga1325
prosecution1545
conveyance1572
through-handlinga1586
carriage1589
pursuita1631
throughing1638
pursuance1642
persecution1647
transaction1655
pursual1878
follow-up1904
follow-through1918
society > authority > control > [noun] > management or administration
dispositionc1374
ministrationc1390
disposing1406
procuration?a1425
guidingc1425
economy?1440
conduct1454
solicitation1492
regimenta1500
mayning1527
enterprisea1533
handlinga1538
conduction1565
manyment1567
disposure1569
conveyance1572
managing1579
disposement1583
government1587
carriage1589
manage1591
steerage1597
management1598
steering1599
manurance1604
fixing1605
dispose1611
administry?1616
husbandry1636
dispensatorship1637
admin1641
managery1643
disposal1649
mesnagery1653
contrectation1786
conducting1793
wielding1820
managership1864
operation1872
operating1913
case management1918
1589 Ld. Willoughby Short & True Disc. 20 This is the plaine course and very true cariage of these affaires.
1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. x. i. 884/2 A Proclamation..against all griping Monopolies..and Protections..as also against other abuses in other inferiour carriages.
1658 E. Reynolds Medit. Last Supper xvii To leave every man in the external carriages of his worship unto the conduct of his private fancy.
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1683 (1955) IV. 328 Some dislike of the present carriage of matters at Court.
1743 N. Tindal tr. P. Rapin de Thoyras Hist. Eng. (ed. 3) II. xix. 332/1 His sinister relation of the carriage of affairs.
1876 Belfast News 22 Nov. 3/3 Messrs. —— solicitors, had the carriage of the sale.
1903 Deb. House of Commons (Canada) 8 Sept. 10784 What has that to do with the carriage of justice in this country?
2000 Austral. Financial Rev. (Sydney) 8 Aug. 15/1 She struck a deal with bankruptcy trustee Mr Max Donnelly to assign carriage of a proposed legal action in which she aims to claw back the properties from Mrs Porteous.
†17. The power or capacity to carry heavy loads. Obsolete.Apparently an isolated use; in quot. punning on sense 24a.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > [noun] > ability to transport
carriage1598
the world > movement > transference > [noun] > conveying or transporting > action of carrying > ability to carry
carriage1598
1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost i. ii. 68 Sampson..was a man of good carriage, great carriage: for he carried the Towne-gates on his backe like a Porter.
†18. The capture or gaining control of a town, position, ship, etc. Also with away. Cf. carry v. 25. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > victory > [noun] > taking by storm
expugnation1524
expugning1586
expugnance1598
carriage1603
1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 610 Solyman..resolued forthwith to besiege Vienna, the chiefe citie of Avstria: in good hope, that by the carriage away of that, the other cities..would without any resistance be yeelded vnto him.
a1674 Earl of Clarendon Vindic. Conduct James Duke of Ormond (1736) 167 He had written to his Majesty in December, to give him an Account of the State of the Kingdom, and Carriage of the City of Waterford (then newly) to him.
†19. Anatomy. The distribution of parts of a muscle, blood vessel, etc. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > direction > [noun]
sideOE
wayOE
coast1377
partc1380
airta1400
quarter1604
carriage1663
direction1665
range1678
1663 N. Culpeper & A. Cole tr. T. Bartholin Anat. (new ed.) i. vi. 10 (caption) The insertion of many Nerves, and the oblique carriage [L. ductus] of many fibres.
1663 N. Culpeper & A. Cole tr. T. Bartholin Anat. (new ed.) i. vi. 12/2 By the carriage [L. ductu] of Fibres, which go here from the beginning to the white Line.
20. Mathematics. The action or an instance of carrying a digit (carry v. 11) from one column or place to the next in an arithmetical calculation.Later chiefly with reference to the operations of calculating machines.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic or algebraic operations > [noun] > transferring number to next column > transferred figure
carrying1700
carriage1713
1713 J. Hill Arithmetick 29 The carriage of the Tens will be saved.
1847 A. De Morgan Arithm. Bks. Introd. 22 Men of business who dare not multiply by 10 by the annexation of a cipher, but proceed with each figure, and carriage, as they would do if the multiplier were 8 or 7.
1990 V. Cerdá & G. Ramis Introd. Lab. Automation iv. 110 Arithmetic carriage, that is, supply of a 9th bit when it is required by an 8-bit arithmetic operation.
2018 D. Swade in S. O. Hansson Technol. & Math. v. 81 Results, the outcome mainly of simple addition with carriage of tens, were displayed on engraved or annotated discs.
21. The passing, approval, or adoption of a motion, bill, resolution, etc., by vote in a meeting or assembly. Cf. carry v. 26b.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > procedure of parliament or national assembly > [noun] > proposal to be debated or voted on > carrying of
carriage1875
1875 T. Martin Life Prince Consort I. vi. 89 When announcing the safe carriage of the Bill, he expresses a well-earned gratification.
1911 Express & Tel. (Adelaide) 21 July 1/4 The Government have obtained from the King the necessary permission for the appointment of as many peers as are required to ensure the carriage of the Parliament Bil through the House of Lords.
2001 J. Funston Govt. & Politics in Southeast Asia ix. 350 Carriage of the motion, which requires a simple majority, leads to the ouster of the minister or, where the PM is involved, the government.
22. Medicine. The state or fact of being persistently (and usually asymptomatically) infected with an infectious agent or disease. Cf. carrier n.1 11a.
ΚΠ
1917 Jrnl. Infectious Dis. 20 130 Persistent carriage of diphtheria bacilli usually depends on some local condition, such as diseased tonsils, adenoids, or sinuses.
1980 Lancet 5 Apr. 731/2 In Nigeria vaccination had no effect..on the carriage of group-A meningococci by school children.
1998 Adv. Parasitol. 40 iv. 61 Biliary carriage represents a reservoir for intestinal relapse [of cryptosporidiosis] in persons with AIDS.
2006 E. Chang et al. Pathophysiol. Nursing Pract. ii. 30 Latency is a feature of herpesviruses, with lifelong carriage of the virus following infection.
IV. A manner of carrying oneself; conduct, behaviour, deportment, and related senses.The most common use from the late 16th to the early 18th cent.
23.
a. The way in which a person holds and moves his or her head or body, or other specified part of the body. Also used of animals, esp. with reference to the head or tail.With the part of the body specified in a prepositional phrase introduced by of, as in high carriage of the head.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > posture > [noun] > manner of carrying body > specific part of body
carriage1572
1572 G. Fenton tr. E. Pasquier Monophylo i. 2 The onely heauie and deade cariage of his eye.
?1578 W. Patten Let. Entertainm. Killingwoorth 17 Thear to beholld the swyft fleeting of the Deer afore with the stately caryage of his hed in his swimming.
1608 G. Chapman Conspiracie Duke of Byron iii. sig. E4v The some-thing stooping carriage of my neck.
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 150/1 A good Graver..[must] have a curious & exact carriage of the Hand.
1720 E. R. Experienc'd Farrier (ed. 4) i. 62 When you have obtain'd your Wish in..the good Carriage of his Head and Body, you may then take away the Tramel altogether.
1821 T. De Quincey Confessions Eng. Opium-eater in London Mag. Sept. 312/2 A peculiar and graceful carriage of the head.
1930 L. Charteris Enter Saint (1992) 9 The sinuous carriage of his body, the glittering beadiness of his expressionless black eyes, and the silent litheness with which he moved.
1994 Dog World June 154/2 A well-balanced, square dog, elegant in appearance, with an exceedingly proud carriage of the head and neck.
2003 New Yorker 10 Feb. 77/1 The carriage of her arms, her developpé, and her relevé were all perfect.
b. The way in which a person walks or stands; a person's bearing or deportment.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > posture > [noun] > manner of carrying body
bearinga1325
gesturec1410
gest1509
shapea1577
sitting1583
carriage1595
comportment1605
deportment1638
poise1771
set-up1889
tenue1892
1595 E. Hoby tr. L.-V. de La Popelinière Hist. France iii. 211 Her credit, which her beautie, comely carriage, and quicknesse of spirite..had gained vnto her of the king.
1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 ii. v. 427 A goodly portly man..of..a most noble cariage . View more context for this quotation
1662 J. Fell Life H. Hammond (ed. 2) ii. 86 His Stature was of just height and all proportionate dimensions, avoiding the extremes of gross and meager, advantag'd by a graceful Carriage.
1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy 45 A free and easie Carriage.
1867 G. MacDonald Ann. Quiet Neighbourhood I. ix. 227 He had the carriage of a military man.
1997 P. Carey Jack Maggs (1998) i. 4 She hesitated a moment, an old lady, all of seventy years, but such was her carriage and her bearing that she would pass, in this light anyway, for fifty.
2007 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 24 June i. 23/1 Her dancers, working those rhumba, chiftetelli, and kashlimar rhythms, showed classic Serena training—elegant carriage, willowy arms and hips that make tiny flicks like a clock's second hand.
†c. The manner in which an object is carried, held, or wielded. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1653 I. Walton Compl. Angler i. v The ill carriage of the line..makes you lose your labour. View more context for this quotation
1878 Graphic 29 June 12/2 There were other small point of difference between them, as the carriage of the sword, the pose of the body.
1883 Time June 613 Sophy's attention was caught by..a certain defiant and aggressive carriage of his umbrella, and by his unfashionable length of stride.
24.
†a. A person's conduct or actions in particular circumstances or with regard to a particular matter. Obsolete (archaic in later use).With the particular circumstances specified in a prepositional phrase, often introduced by in, e.g. his carriage in the matter.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > [noun] > in given circumstances
carriage1587
1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1402/2 His fidelitie and good carriage in small things.
1650 J. Row & J. Row Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1842) 217 His cariage in relation to Gowrie's Conspiracie.
1664 B. Gerbier Counsel to Builders (new ed.) i. sig. c Negotiations..wherein your Lordships carriage hath justly deserved the respects of those.
1715 ‘C. Dodd’ Secret Policy Eng. Society of Jesus ii. iv. 71 The King of Spain was not very well satisfied with your Carriage in relation to the Gunpowder Plot.
1868 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) II. ix. 409 Harold's energetic carriage in the Welsh campaign.
b. A person's habitual behaviour or conduct, viewed as a sign of his or her character; a person's demeanour or manners. archaic after 18th cent.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > [noun] > in social intercourse
semblantc1330
conversationa1340
affairsa1400
entertainment1531
carriage1588
converse1660
the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > [noun] > a habit or practice > collectively > specific with regard to morals
wayseOE
manners?c1225
moursc1250
carriage1588
moralsa1625
1588 F. Thynne Let. 15 Nov. in Animaduersions (1875) p. xcii Makinge my actions the towchestone of the honest cariage of my selfe.
1611 R. Bolton Disc. State True Happinesse To Rdr. sig. A.3 In the worlds opinion, they be of ciuill honest cariage, of moderate spirits, and of a stated temper in religion.
1648 R. Herrick Hesperides sig. D6 With blamelesse carriage, I liv'd here.
1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World xiii. 372 A pretty ingenious young man..of a very civil carriage and behaviour.
1741 C. Middleton Hist. Life Cicero II. vii. 6 Her husbands peevishness and churlish carriage.
1760 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy I. vii. 20 A person of decent carriage.
1844 B. Disraeli Coningsby I. ii. i. 143 That irregular and unsettled carriage of public men, which so perplexed the nation.
2016 J. C. Staudt Children of Wastes (e-book, accessed 27 Nov. 2020) ix Taznik was a petite dam of meek carriage, but Mama said she had never lacked for conviction.
c. The manner in which a person behaves towards or deals with someone else; a person's treatment of others. archaic after 18th cent.Usually with the other person specified in a prepositional phrase, typically introduced by to or towards.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > [noun] > behaviour towards another or treatment
entreatisea1513
treaturea1513
behaviour?1521
entreaty1525
entreating1529
entreatance1534
usage1536
entertainment1547
demeanour1548
tractation1548
treatingc1550
treatmentc1560
entreatment1563
demean1596
carriage1598
manage1608
measure1611
quarter1615
treaty1631
treatance1644
meanora1670
treat1671
comportment1697
1598 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 117 Their..honest carriage towardes men.
1641 W. Prynne Antipathie 9 His over-sawcie speeches and carriage to the King, and his refusing to acknowledge his fault.
1679 R. South Serm. Several Occasions 36 We have treated of mens carriage to Christ in this world.
1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World i. 173 The affectionate Carriage of this poor Woman to her Child.
1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones IV. xi. vii. 152 He now assumed a Carriage to me, so very different from what he had lately worn.
1844 B. Disraeli Coningsby II. iv. xii. 165 Lucretia's carriage towards her gave her little discomfort.
1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits vi. 112 Nothing can be more delicate..than the courtship and mutual carriage of the sexes.
1907 F. Maclaren Graham of Claverhouse ii. iii. 136 Such a high tone of authority among the men in power and so modest a carriage towards maidens.
2012 J. Ohlmeyer Making Ireland Eng. vii. 215 Robert, third earl of Essex,..castigated Wentworth for his rough carriage towards his stepfather.
†25. An action performed by someone; an act, a deed; spec. one performed by a person in interacting or dealing with someone else; a piece of social or interpersonal behaviour. Usually in plural. Obsolete.In the specific use often followed by a prepositional phrase introduced by to or towards; compare sense 24c.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > doing > a proceeding > [noun]
thingOE
processa1325
fare1340
dancea1352
passage1569
play1581
procedure1590
carriage1609
conduct1706
démarche1721
affair1797
proceeding1801
the world > action or operation > behaviour > [noun] > behaviour towards another or treatment > an act of
carriage1639
mustarding1679
1609 C. Tourneur Funerall Poeme sig. B2v His former carriages did duely passe Through those right waies by which he should obey.
1639 R. Ward Animadversions of Warre i. §xiii. cxxxvii. 325 Many times Treacheries and deceits are practised against Generalls; and happily by their owne disdainefull proud carriages to their inferiours.
1650 Answer of Parl. to Paper entituled Declar. Kings Majesty 11 His Majesty might extenuate his former Carriages and Actions.
1682 J. Bunyan Holy War 388 After some mutual carriages of love. View more context for this quotation
1696 E. Stillingfleet Serm. iv. 159 Men, sober, just, humble and meek in all their carriages.
1735 B. Colman Reliquiæ Turellæ 104 She looks back upon her Carriages towards her from her early Childhood.
†26. Good manners or deportment, esp. as would be expected in a person of high social status; courteous behaviour; proper conduct. Cf. good breeding n. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > [noun]
good abearance1552
carriage1621
the world > space > relative position > posture > [noun] > manner of carrying body > good
carriage1621
1621 H. Elsynge Notes Deb. House of Lords (1870) 106 Protested his innocencye and carryage in that place.
a1625 J. Fletcher Island Princesse ii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Nnn4/1 One without carriage, or common sense.
1666 S. Pepys Diary 27 Sept. (1972) VII. 299 She is poor in clothes, and not bred to any carriage.
†V. Other uses.
27. Hunting. A mark left on a branch by the antlers of a stag passing beneath it, used to track the animal and estimate its size and age; such marks collectively. Obsolete. rare. [Compare Middle French portee portee n. in similar use (late 14th cent.).]
ΚΠ
1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique vii. xxiv. 844 The cariages of a hart are saide to be when a hart passing through a thick and twiggie woode, hitteth with his head against the boughes of trees, for so it commeth to passe, that if the hart be tall and large, the carriages [Fr. portees] will also be somewhat large.
1686 R. Blome Gentlemans Recreation ii. iii. vi. 80/1 The Age of a Stag or Hart may also be judged by his Carriage, or Bearings; that is to say, when he passeth through any Branched Wood, and with his Head bruiseth the under Boughs.

Phrases

P1.
beast of carriage n. now rare an animal, such as a mule, donkey, or ox, that is used for carrying or pulling heavy loads; = beast of burden at burden n. 7.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > domestic animal > [noun] > work animals > beast of burden
widgeeOE
beastc1300
jument1382
aver?a1513
sumpter1526
sumpture1567
beast of carriage1586
beast of burden1740
sumpter1821
pack animal1846
shavetail1846
baggage-animal1852
baggager1859
pack1866
packer1875
1586 E. Hoby tr. M. Coignet Polit. Disc. Trueth xlvi. 219 The simple souldiers shuld neuer haue page, nor beast of carriage.
1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant iii. 45 Elephants..are the surest footed of all Beasts of Carriage.
1861 J. G. Wood Illustr. Nat. Hist. (new ed.) I. 690 By careful attention, however, and good training, the Elk can be used as a beast of carriage or burden, and from its great size and power is extremely valuable in that capacity.
2007 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 25 May (Metro section) 20 I..began imitating a 19th-century sled driver bringing his beasts of carriage to heel.
P2.
a. carriage and pair: a carriage (sense 3b) drawn by a pair of horses.In the 19th cent. ownership of a carriage and pair was often viewed as emblematic of membership of a high social class; cf. Compounds 3c.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > carriage for conveying persons > [noun] > types of carriage > for private driving > with horses (and servants)
equipage1711
carriage and pair1765
set-out1810
turn-out1817
1765 F. Gentleman Trip to Moon II. iv. 125 You will assist me with a Carriage and Pair, or, to secure all, a Carriage and Six.
1863 G. MacDonald David Elginbrod iii. xvi. 260 A carriage and pair pulled sharply up at the door.
1884 B. H. Becker Holiday Haunts ii. 22 There are here two doctors in great vogue, both clever and agreeable, and each endowed with a set of fervent followers, a handsome carriage and pair, and an extraordinary fund of activity.
1921 C. Kingston Remarkable Rogues v. 68 The money rolled in, and Madame Rachel..now sported a carriage and pair.
2005 Church Times 5 Aug. 13/1 When George and Mary Sumner drove away from their wedding in her father's best carriage and pair, the postillion wore white favours for the bride.
b. With reference to carriages drawn by larger teams of horses, as in carriage and four, carriage and six, etc.
ΚΠ
1764 Westm. Jrnl. 25 Aug. When Money is become so plenteous that every petty Tradesman can afford to pay Fifty Pounds per Annum for a House, keep his Horse, his Chaise and Pair, his Carriage and Four, with proper Equipage.
1828 M. R. Mitford Our Village III. 308 [They] would run to meet the butter-cart as if it were a carriage and four.
1903 W. J. Barry Glimpses Austral. Colonies iv. 11/1 He started a carriage and eight, in which he drove regularly in Hyde Park.
1997 A. Perry Whited Sepulchres v. 148 A carriage and four went by at a fast clip, horses' manes streaming, harness jingling loudly.
P3. carriage forward: with the cost of carrying and delivering the specified item to be paid by the receiver. Contrasted with carriage-paid adv.In quot. 1865 in phrase on carriage forward.
ΚΠ
1865 Leicester Chron. & Leics. Mercury 9 Dec. 1/4 (advt.) Samples of Tea will be sent on carriage forward to any address on application.]
1890 Fishing Gaz. 17 May 289/2 (advt.) Our All Greenheart Rods..at 10/-, Sent Carriage forward.
1924 J. S. Fletcher Cartwright Gardens Murder xiv. 168 Will you please send on to me at the above address, carriage forward, the two trunks I left with you.
1987 B. Mercadal in J. Theunis Internat. Carriage Goods by Road iii. 38 When goods are sent carriage forward, if the consignee defaults the carrier may not demand carriage costs of the sender.

Compounds

C1. As a modifier (in sense 14), designating something, e.g. a cart or a pack animal, used to carry or pull loads, as in carriage bullock, carriage cattle, etc. See also carriage horse n. 1.
ΚΠ
1391 in L. T. Smith Exped. Prussia & Holy Land Earl Derby (1894) 7 (MED) Et pro j cariage sadelle, x s.
1404–5 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1901) III. 605 (MED) In 4 Jugis empt. pro le cariagewayn, 6 d.
1548 W. Thomas Ital. Gram. & Dict. Giumente, any cariage beastes.
1623 J. Bingham tr. Xenophon Hist. 28 Lay your baggage vpon the carriage-beasts.
1714 J. Digby tr. Quintus Curtius Hist. Wars Alexander II. vii. iv. 20 When this Food fail'd 'em likewise, they were commanded to kill their Carriage Cattle.
1803 Duke of Wellington Let. 20 Jan. in Dispatches (1837) I. 399 Every carriage Bullock..should have a saddle.
1896 G. A. Henty On Irrawaddy xi. 188 A supply of elephants and carriage cattle which had arrived from Calcutta.
2014 Jrnl. Econ. & Social Hist. Orient 57 496 The dearth in carriage cattle meant rank-and-file Europeans, sepoys and camp followers had to carry heavy ordnance for the artillery train on their backs.
C2. With reference to vehicles and other means of conveyance (see senses in branch I.).In the 19th cent. usually with reference to horse-drawn carriages for driving (see sense 3b); subsequently often with reference to railway carriages (see sense 3c).
a. As a modifier, designating parts of a carriage, as in carriage door, carriage frame, carriage wheel, carriage window, etc.
ΚΠ
1642 J. C. Castrametation xiv. 26 2 Carriage wheeles.
1773 W. Emerson Princ. Mech. (ed. 3) 283 Stroaks or straiks, the iron going round the circumference of carriage wheels.
1791 Swinney's Birmingham & Stafford Chron. 21 July He..put his head out of the carriage window, and requested they would let him pass.
1816 H. Douglas Ess. Mil. Bridges vi. 174 A very good substitute for a capstan may be formed of a carriage wheel.
1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. III. i. iv. 37 Pull up your carriage-blinds.
1839 Mechanics' Mag. 7 Dec. 162/2 The hinder cross bar of the carriage frame, under which the axletree d turns.
1899 Westm. Gaz. 23 Dec. 6/3 He who came a moment after eleven-thirty stood very small chance of getting anywhere near the carriage door.
1937 H. Jennings et al. May 12th Mass-observ. Day-surveys (1987) ii. 141 Baldwin who has his head dogwise over the ledge of the carriage window and his tongue out, gets the biggest cheer.
1998 Carriage Driving Aug. 18/1 They didn't want the show to go ahead—horse boxes, hooves and carriage wheels not being conducive to smooth green sward.
2015 P. Hawkins Girl on Train 12 My head leaning against the carriage window, I watch these houses roll past me like a tracking shot in a film.
b. With participles, agent nouns, and verbal nouns, forming compounds in which carriage expresses the object of the underlying verb, as in carriage builder, carriage building, carriage cleaner, carriage driver, carriage painter, etc. See also carriage maker n. at Compounds 4.
ΚΠ
1645 J. Vicars Gods Arke 278 The totall number that we could reckon and find to be slain in all our Armies was at most, but between 2 and 300, of which our greatest number was among them who ran away, and the carriage-keepers.
1775 tr. Valuable Secrets concerning Arts & Trades 93 To paint in varnish on wood. (Useful to Carriage Painters).
1837 W. B. Adams Eng. Pleasure Carriages 158 Few carriage builders care to introduce anything new.
1866 G. D. Warry Law of Railway Rating 267 The wages of guards, conductors, travelling interpreters, switchmen, policemen, carriage cleaners.
1868 Illustr. Trade Price List Artists' Materials (Janentzky & Weber) 61 Brushes for fresco, sign and carriage painting.
1912 Hub July 116/2 Considerable knowledge is necessary in the selection of hides suitable for carriage building.
1998 Carriage Driving Aug. 42/2 Today's carriage builders are producing vehicles to suit our requirements—but with the advantage of modern materials and technology.
2002 C. C. Jones Year Russ. Feasts (2003) 95 These nineteenth-century establishments catered exclusively to men and were divided into two classes, one for wealthy merchants and the other for their carriage drivers.
C3.
a. As a modifier (in sense 3b), with reference to travel by carriage, as in carriage entrance, carriage hire, carriage ride, etc. Now chiefly historical.
ΚΠ
1761 Act dividing & inclosing Common & Open Fields Ansty 8 The respective Owners or Occupiers..shall..set up, and for ever after keep in Repair, a Bridle or Carriage Gate in every Fence.
1826 J. P. Neale Acct. Deep-dene in Surrey 4 The carriage entrance to the House is in pure Grecian taste.
1875 H. B. Stowe We & our Neighbors ii. 27 Carriage-hire costs money.
1902 Illustr. London News 13 Nov. 732 The carriage procession consisted of eight dress-landaus.
2014 Radio Times 6 Sept. (South/West ed.) 64/1 We are in Victorian London, a place of stovepipe hats, foggy mornings and carriage rides.
b. Designating clothing, accessories, etc., worn while travelling by carriage, as in carriage boot, carriage dress, carriage rug, carriage umbrella, etc. Now chiefly historical.
ΚΠ
1803 Repertory of Arts 2nd Ser. 2 331 I simply join or unite the skins of the dimensions required for common carriage-rugs, hearth-rugs, mats for doors.., &c.
1886 Peterson's Mag. Feb. 194/2 Carriage-dress, of willow-green woolen material, figured in a leaf of darker-green frisé velvet.
1904 St. Nicholas May 590/1 The linen carriage-robe had slipped from her knees.
1915 M. Gyte Diary 14 May (1999) 53 Our carriage umbrella has not been returned to us.
2016 Jrnl. (Newcastle) (Nexis) 31 May The V&A asked if they could borrow a pair of carriage boots from the Bowes Museum's own collection.
c. Designating people who ride in their own private carriages and are (by implication) wealthy or of high social status, as in carriage folk, carriage lady. See also carriage company n. at Compounds 4, carriage trade n. 2. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > nobility > aristocracy or upper class > gentry > [noun] > gentlefolk
gentlesc1405
gentlefolka1556
genteels1652
gentle-people1755
carriage company1812
carriage1819
gentilities1833
1819 C. Brown Let. 24 Jan. in Lett. J. Keats (1931) II. 302 The whole of the family are shuffling to carriage folks for acquaintances, cutting their old friends.
1832 Morning Post 30 Mar. The Defendant..said he kept a ‘muffin shop,’ adding (with an air of consequence), that he had even carriage Ladies to deal with him.
1885 R. Lynn City Sparrows iii. 31 He turned with an obsequious bow to some grand carriage folk in ‘goodly apparel’ who were just entering.
1910 ‘R. Dehan’ One Braver Thing lxii. 537 Him! Wiv a beautiful 'ouse to live in–an' Carriage Toffs with Titles fair beggin' 'im to come an' feel their pulses an' be pyde for it.
1938 Essex Chron. 12 Aug. 7/4 The ‘carriage’ ladies and gentlemen who broke their journeys at the pleasant country inns and hotels, and whose boots and shoes had to be polished until they shone like mirrors.
2001 F. M. L. Thompson Gentrification & Enterprise Culture (2003) iv. 75 Carriage folk were generally thought of as being the idle rich and not notably entrepreneurial.
C4.
carriage bolt n. any of various bolts used in carriage-building; spec. (in later use) a large bolt with a round or oval head and a square collar below the head to prevent it from turning as the nut is tightened on it; also called coach bolt.Chiefly used for fixing wooden panels together or to masonry.
ΚΠ
1789 J. Kemp Invoice 6 Nov. in T. Jefferson Papers (1958) XIV. 471 To a new..Crane Neck Carriage... Six spare spring & carriage bolts.
1884 Knight's New Amer. Mech. Dict. 322/1 Carriage-bolts are of different kinds for different parts of the work.
1990 Vancouver Sun 17 Mar. h4 A third kind, carriage bolts, are those most commonly used in outdoor furniture, such as wooden chairs and benches.
2014 J. Stiles & D. R. Stiles Backyard Building (e-book ed.) Galvanized carriage bolts with nuts & washers.
† carriage company n. Obsolete people who ride in their own private carriages; (by implication) people of wealth and status; the upper classes, the well-to-do.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > nobility > aristocracy or upper class > gentry > [noun] > gentlefolk
gentlesc1405
gentlefolka1556
genteels1652
gentle-people1755
carriage company1812
carriage1819
gentilities1833
1812 St. James's Chron. 2 May The most distinguished of the carriage company were, the Duke of Devonshire, Earl Cowper,..Sir J. and Lady Lade, four-in-hand.
1827 Guards III. xii. 207 An appearance in the Park, where the patrician carriage-company raise clouds of dust, and seem as if they would lord it over the plebeian and middle order.
1883 A. Gallenga Iberian Reminisc. I. ii. x. 255 In the cool of the evening, the carriage company of the pleasure-loving city enjoy their fashionable drive.
1907 M. Deane Other Pawn ii. xi. 184 It is mighty fine, of course, to be ‘carriage company’.
carriage coupling n. (a) a coupling between railway carriages; †(b) a coupling for connecting the front axle and wheels of a four-wheeled vehicle to the main body (obsolete).
ΚΠ
1839 Mechanics' Mag. 30 Index p. iv/1 Booth's railway carriage couplings.
1852 Plow Jan. 41/2 (contents) Carriage coupling improved.
1915 U.S. Patent 1,140,863 1/1 This invention related to certain improvements in carriage couplings for wagon trains of the class set forth in my pending application.
2001 Railway Safety (U.K. Health & Safety Executive) ii. xvii. 110 The failure of a carriage coupling on a Bure Valley Railway passenger train..resulted in the train dividing.
† carriage cradle n. Obsolete an overhead luggage rack on a train, made of netting.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > carriage for conveying persons > [noun] > parts of > luggage-rack
carriage cradle1866
1866 Chambers's Jrnl. 28 July 466 I saw [him] clutch at the carriage-cradle above his head, as though it would have relieved his mind to climb.
carriage dog n. now chiefly historical †(a) a dog used to draw a sledge (= sledge-dog n. at sledge n.2 Compounds) (obsolete rare); (b) a dog trained to accompany carriages, spec. a Dalmatian; = coach dog n. at coach n. and adv. Compounds 8; also as modifier.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > other types of dog > [noun] > Dalmatian
spotted dog1621
tiger-dog1682
carriage dog1760
Dalmatian dog1810
coach-dog1840
plum pudding1851
plum-pudding dog1852
lesser Dane1870
Spotted Dick1880
Dalmatian1893
1760 tr. S. J. Baumgarten Suppl. Eng. Universal Hist. (new ed.) II. 65 Strahlenberg..mentions carriage-dogs [G. Vorspanhunde], whose hairs are a quarter of an ell long.
1788 Calcutta Chron. & Gen. Advertiser 13 Mar. (advt.) Lost...a very handsome Bitch, of the Danish breed; she is a real Carriage Dog, very small spots, brown on white.
1824 M. R. Mitford Our Village 236 The very carriage-dog, Sancho, was individualized.
1919 W. H. Mills Californica 40 He scorned the tame role of a carriage-dog.
2008 Carriage Jrnl. 46 195 Annual carriage dog trials to test Dalmatians' traditional role as carriage dogs.
carriage drive n. a driveway for horse-drawn carriages in a park, the grounds of a grand house, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road > [noun] > for wheeled vehicles > leading to a house
private road1652
avenue1664
drive1780
carriage drive1800
carriage sweep1800
sweep1811
driveway1824
wheel-sweep1833
1800 Albion 28 Aug. Pursuing a carriage road, all the trees, either for beauty, magnitude, or utility, are to be met with, arranged on each side of the carriage drive.
1863 M. E. Braddon John Marchmont's Legacy I. vi. 107 A wretched equestrian making his way along the carriage-drive.
1933 J. S. Fletcher Who killed Alfred Snowe? (1935) x. 92 You say he was walking up the carriage-drive towards the house?
2011 Times 15 Oct. (Magazine section) 52/1 Heston Blumenthal looks out of a picture window on the most expensive view in London: the Hyde Park carriage drive as seen from Knightsbridge.
carriage exercise n. now historical the action of riding in a horse-drawn carriage as a means of enjoying the health benefits of being in the open air.Frequently as a medically prescribed course of action for people who are convalescing or suffering from long-term illness.
ΚΠ
1786 J. M. Adair Med. Cautions iii. iv. 106 The passive [exercises] are, chiefly, carriage exercise, and the use of the flesh-brush.
1845 C. G. F. Gore Self I. xii. 322 There was no reason why, in some days' time, Lord Askham might not be refreshed by carriage exercise!
2000 J. Andrews in R. Wrigley & G. Revill Pathol. Trav. 66 Such therapies proved popular both inside and outside Victorian asylums, carriage exercise for higher class patients being provided daily within many asylum precincts.
carriage guard n. a protective strip or cover fitted to prevent unwanted contact with the wheel of a carriage, or with the carriage of a machine.
ΚΠ
1867 U.S. Patent 61,883 1 My invention further consists in forming a carriage-guard or hood which covers or encloses within it three sides of the wheel.
1914 Automobile 16 Apr. 818/1 The present automobile fender is a progressive elaboration of the old time carriage guard whose intent never contemplated high velocity of discharged matter.
2002 Cal-OSHA Reporter 40-4750 When the machine is in operation, the carriage guard, saw and carriage all move together towards and away from the hog saw.
carriage gun n. now historical (on a ship) a gun or cannon mounted on a gun carriage, as opposed to on a swivel (swivel n. 1b).
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > piece of artillery > [noun] > other pieces of ordnance
bombardc1430
ribaudequin1443
stock-gun1465
seven sistersa1529
chamber1540
bastard1545
chamber piece1547
volger1548
dogc1550
battardc1565
long shot1595
quarter piece1625
pelican1639
monkey1650
spirol1653
stock-fowler1669
saltamartino1684
smeriglio1688
botcarda1700
carriage gun1723
Lancaster1857
Armstrong1860
wire gun1860
Columbiad1861
Parrott1861
wedge-gun1876
truck-gun1883
motor cannon1889
Black Maria1914
Jack Johnson1914
supergun1915
flak1938
1723 Daily Post 26 Jan. A Pirate Scooner, call'd the Fancy,..mounted with ten Carriage Guns.
1804 A. Duncan Brit. Trident I. 261 A French privateer..mounted 10 carriage guns and 9 swivels.
1926 C. Garstin West Wind iii. 34 The Ghost carries 18 carriage guns (nine-pounders) besides swivels.
2002 L. G. Knapp Stratford & Sea iii. 78 The galleys..were 72 feet long, with a pair of lateen sails, eight to ten carriage guns, and crews of 80 men.
carriage head n. the head of a carriage (in various senses); esp. (now historical) the cover or hood of a horse-drawn carriage (= head n.1 19n).
ΚΠ
1847 H. Bessemer On Resistance of Atmosphere to Railway Trains 10 The upper part may be moved up or down on carriage-head cranks..so that when the carriages are not used, the head may be thrown back.
1871 Saddl. Harn. & Carriage Builder's Gaz. 1 Dec. 12/2 Levers and links, aided by springs, to throw open the ‘cant rails’ and ‘uprights’ of carriage heads by inside pressure.
1909 U.S. Patent 919,212 1/2 The dies may be provided with stems passing through the walls of the cylinder, provided a cylindrical form of carriage head is employed.
1996 N. Carolina Court of Appeals Rep. 120 235 The carriage head of the setting machine descended and crushed decedent's head and shoulders.
2016 J. Hedlund Newton & Polly xix. 261 Polly..inhaled the strong scent of the leather carriage head that had been drawn to keep out the cold December drizzle.
carriage house n. a building used for keeping a horse-drawn carriage; (now typically) one which has been converted into a dwelling; cf. coach house n. (a) at coach n. and adv. Compounds 8.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > [noun] > cart- or coach house
cart-house1483
wain-house1569
wagon-house1648
coach-house1679
remise1698
chaise-house1812
carriage house1883
cart-lodge1888
1761 A. Whitall in F. H. Stewart Notes on Old Gloucester County, N.J. (1917) I. 316 Their fine carriage house is finished and painted.
1883 E. P. Roe in Harper's Mag. Dec. 43/1 The drive passed to an old-fashioned carriage-house.
1990 New Jersey Goodlife Jan. 67/2 (advt.) Gothic Stone Mansion with striking 3-story stone carriage house.
2019 A. Kotlowitz Amer. Summer xii. 182 Gerald sat..on the front porch of the carriage house.
carriage lamp n. a lamp designed to be attached to the outside of a horse-drawn carriage; esp. a type in which the light source is surrounded by four panels of glass in a metal frame (typically ornamented), now often used as a decorative outside light on buildings.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > carriage for conveying persons > [noun] > parts of > lamp
carriage lamp1788
gig-lamp1888
1788 Morning Post 15 Jan. A tax of four guineas upon all carriage lamps, would produce a large sum annually.
1843 J. C. Frémont Rep. 4 Aug. in D. Jackson & M. L. Spence Exped. J. C. Frémont (1970) I. 461 We had scrambled along this gully for several hours, during which time we had knocked off the carriage lamps.
1970 J. Finney Time & Again (1974) vii. 89 I pictured a liveried servant driving, high on the outside front seat between lighted carriage lamps.
2004 Daily Mail 30 Oct. 24/2 This is such a surprising house for a footballer to own. There's not a satellite dish, concrete drive, triple garage or carriage lamp in sight.
carriage lock n. a lock or brake for a carriage (in various senses).
ΚΠ
1829 Jrnl. Franklin Inst. May 368 To Pierre Fusz, of Isming, for improvements of his machine, he calls ‘lever carriage lock’.
1983 Agric. Machinery Jrnl. July (Royal Show suppl.) p. vi/3 The hydraulic carriage lock can be operated from inside the cab.
2001 Searcher May 22/1 Scanners have carriage locks on them which must be freed before using them, etc.
carriage lubricator n. rare a device for lubricating an axle box or other mechanism of a carriage.
ΚΠ
1873 Iron 30 Aug. 269/2 M. L. Becker, constructor at Offenbach, has introduced a very ingenious regulator for railway carriage lubricators in which oil is used.
1966 Amer. Machinist 5 Dec. 228/1 (advt.) Lathe..threading dial, ampers meter for work load, single shot carriage lubricator.
carriage maker n. (a) a person who makes or repairs carriages (esp. in sense 3b); (b) a craftsman who makes the undercarriage of a carriage, as opposed to the body or wheels; cf. body-maker n. (b) at body n. Compounds 2.
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1628 R. Norton Gunner xliii. 109 The Cariage-maker haue made the Cariage leane, or hang more vpon one, then the other side.
1792 N.-Y. Directory 40 Dousenberry, Bazil, carriage-maker.
1848 E. Bryant What I saw in Calif. vi. 77 With the aid of these, Mr. Eddy, a carriage maker by trade, was soon busily at work.
1860 N.Y. Coach-maker's Mag. Feb. 177/1 We saw one carriage-maker who said he did not make any more wooden boot-bodies.
1998 Lancaster (Pa.) New Era (Nexis) 18 May A farmer and carriage maker, Glick was a member of the Old Order Amish Church.
2001 C. H. Wendel Encycl. Antique Tools & Machinery 44/2 Panel routers were a special tool used primarily by the carriage maker.
carriage master n. Military (now historical) an officer in charge of organizing the movement of supplies and looking after the carriages, carts, etc., required for this.
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society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > officer according to function > [noun] > wagon-master
carriage master1570
wagon-master1645
1570 in A. Clifford State Papers Sir R. Sadler (1809) II. 165 Christofer Repton, carriage master, or comissary of the carriages for tharmye.
1672 T. Venn Mil. & Maritine Discipline 189 He shall come to the Carriage-master for directions where the baggage of that Regiment shall march.
2015 C. L. Scott Maligned Militia (2016) iv. 72 The movement of supplies lay in the hands of the carriage master, who was usually a well-paid civilian.
carriage piece n. a slanting wooden support forming part of the carriage of a staircase (see sense 9a).
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1779 J. Smeaton Let. 16 Jan. in Reports (1797) I. 400 The screws..are made to screw stiffly through their carriage-pieces.
1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. Gloss. 894 An horizontal piece of timber, in wooden double-flighted stairs, for supporting the carriage pieces or rough strings and joistings in the half spaces or landings.
1993 Collins Compl. DIY Man. (new ed.) iii. 220/3 Traditional stairs..should be supported on their underside by a central bearer or ‘carriage piece’.
† carriage place n. Canadian Obsolete a route for carrying boats and supplies from one navigable waterway to another, or past a waterfall, rapids, or other obstruction; = portage n.1 5b; cf. carrying place n. at carrying n. Compounds 3, sense 8.
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society > travel > travel by water > propelling other than by sail or oars > [noun] > by dragging or carrying over land > place of
carrying place1689
portage1698
halover1699
carriage placea1710
carriagea1724
carry1838
a1710 P.-E. Radisson Voy. (1885) 163 We proceeded in our way wth great diligence till we came to the carriage place.
1775 J. Melvin Jrnl. Exped. Quebec (1857) 10 The carriage-place is about a mile in length.
carriage pole n. now chiefly historical the pole (pole n.1 1b) of a carriage or cart, to which the horses or other draught animals are hitched.
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society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > parts of cart or carriage > [noun] > shaft(s) or pole
thillc1325
limber1480
sway1535
neap1553
draught-tree1580
wain-beam1589
beam1600
fills1609
spire1609
foreteam?1611
verge1611
shaft1613
rangy1657
pole1683
thrill1688
trill1688
rod1695
range1702
neb1710
sharp1733
tram1766
carriage pole1767
sill1787
tongue1792
nib1808
dissel-boom1822
tongue-tree1829
reach1869
wain-stang1876
1767 Gazetteer & New Daily Advertiser 5 June Two hay carts, a waggon with a carriage pole, some harness, and several other implements in the farming business.
1877 A. Sewell Black Beauty xxiii. 106 She..went on plunging, rearing, and kicking in a most desperate manner. At last she kicked right over the carriage-pole.
1984 T. Ryder in A. Mackay-Smith et al. Man & Horse 94 A..decorated cap, boots with brown tops, and an iron leg-guard on the left leg to protect it from the battering of the carriage pole, complete the uniform [of the postilion].
2006 N. Abrams Spy's Reward xxiv. 296 The tale of the broken carriage pole, which she used to justify her arrival at the Woodley's in a hackney cab..had not stretched to explain why no maid or footman had accompanied her.
carriage release n. a mechanism or lever which enables the carriage on a typewriter or other machine to move freely; often as a modifier, as in carriage release lever.
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society > communication > printing > typing > typewriter > [noun] > facility allowing carriage to move freely
carriage release1890
society > communication > printing > typing > typewriter > [adjective] > lever allowing carriage to move freely
carriage release1890
1890 U.S. Patent 431,883 2/2 A carriage-release actuated by the electro-magnet of the second circuit.
1891 Phonographic Mag. 360/2 The left end of the carriage is fitted with the line-space lever, carriage-release lever, line-gauge lever, and ratchet lever.
1904 Typist's Rev. Jan. 83/1 The marginal stops, the warning bell, the carriage release..all is new.
2018 Indiana (Pa.) Gaz. 27 Mar. (Newspaper in Education Suppl.) 63/4 There are a lot of parts on a typewriter. Here are some: decal, feed roller, type wheel, type lever, carriage release lever, paper table, [etc.].
carriage road n. a road for the use of carriages; a carriageway.
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society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road > [noun] > for wheeled vehicles > for carriages
drive1799
cursus1832
carriage road1838
1838 R. Southey Eng. Eclogues (rev. ed.) in Poet. Wks. III. 4 A carriage road That sweeps conveniently from gate to gate.
1869 J. Phillips Vesuvius viii. 208 Wide enough for a broad carriage-road.
2006 Time Out N.Y. 12 Oct. 22/2 This street..follows the carriage road that led to Governor Peter Stuyvesant's home.
carriage spring n. (a) a spring in the suspension system of a horse-drawn carriage, railway carriage, etc., or of a kind used in such a system; esp. = leaf spring n. at leaf n.1 Compounds 2 (now chiefly historical); †(b) Zoology (in brachiopods) the brachidium, a calcified structure, typically in the form of a loop or coil, which supports the lophophore (also as a modifier) (obsolete).
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1760 Public Ledger 17 Mar. 224/1 (advt.) A good Coach, with Carriage Springs.
1836 Penny Cycl. V. 311/1 The following is..the peculiar, complex, and extremely delicate testaceous apparatus, sometimes called ‘the carriage-spring’ by collectors.
1870 H. A. Nicholson Man. Zool. I. xliv. 246 In many Brachiopods the arms are supported upon a more or less complicated internal calcareous framework or skeleton..sometimes called the ‘carriage-spring apparatus’.
1891 R. Routledge Discov. & Inventions 19th Cent. (ed. 8) 597 Vulcanized Indian-rubber..has lately been used for carriage-springs, for the tires of wheels, and for the rollers of mangles.
1899 R. Brown Our Earth & its Story (new ed.) 353/2 The sub-pelagic deposits are characterised by the presence of Crinoids, or Stalked Starfish..of Cephalopods, or Shelled Cuttlefishes, like the ancient Ammonites and the modern Nautilus, of Brachiopoda, or carriage-spring shells.
1924 Electric Railway Jrnl. 26 Jan. 137/2 Carriage springs should be increased in length and lubricated by inclosure if possible.
2004 K. Y. Farquhar Montgomery County i. 15 The Shuler Spring Company, located on Church Street opposite city hall in 1856, employed more than 100 workers making carriage springs.
carriage step n. now chiefly historical (usually in plural) a set of steps, typically folding, fixed below the door of a horse-drawn carriage.
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society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > carriage for conveying persons > [noun] > parts of > step
foot iron1741
carriage step1799
step1816
footplate1833
tread-steps1837
1799 Scots Mag. Mar. 146 (heading) Patent carriage steps.
1840 E. Pickering Quiet Husband III. ii. 54 Some of the bystanders closed in upon him, whilst others put up the carriage steps, and shut the carriage door.
1904 C. Garnett tr. L. Tolstoy War & Peace III. xii. xiv. 194 The carriage-steps were let down with a crash.
2003 Independent 31 Dec. 42/5 Footmen dither with carriage steps, then hang around making sure Cinderella's ludicrously long cloak doesn't get caught on the coach door.
carriage sweep n. a curved carriage drive, typically leading to a large house; = sweep n. 17c.
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society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road > [noun] > for wheeled vehicles > leading to a house
private road1652
avenue1664
drive1780
carriage drive1800
carriage sweep1800
sweep1811
driveway1824
wheel-sweep1833
1800 Trans. Dublin Soc. 1799 1 (key to map) Carriage sweep, and horse fastening place.
1898 Country Life 17 Dec. vi/1 (advt.) To be sold,..a splendidly-built..residence... The house is approached by a carriage sweep 150ft. long, and stands in its own nice grounds.
1929 A. A. Milne Toad of Toad Hall iii. i. 99 Badger. Many an afternoon have I spent in communion with his father at Toad Hall, one of the most attractive riverside residences with carriage sweep. Judge. Dear dear! With carriage sweep, you say?
2020 N. Somerset Times (Nexis) 14 Oct. The house is approached via a pillared gateway with remote-controlled gates opening onto a drive and carriage sweep.
carriage tax n. now historical a tax levied on the horse-drawn carriages owned by a person.
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society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > types of tax > [noun] > other taxes
gartie1533
quidrathe1570
primage1606
carriage tax1781
assessed taxes1796
imperialty1799
crime rate1857
primage1888
use tax1910
takeout1939
graduate tax1967
1781 Public Advertiser 7 Apr. A Licence the Beginning of every Year for so many Servants as they should have in like Manner with the Carriage Tax.
1795 J. Taylor (title) An argument respecting the constitutionality of the carriage tax.
1887 Spectator 5 Mar. 318/1 Carriage-builders and others interested in the Carriage-tax.
2006 R. L. Einhorn Amer. Taxation, Amer. Slavery i. ii. 77 A carriage tax aimed at urban elites: £5 on a coach or chariot,..15 shillings on a fall-back chaise.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2021; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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