carriern.¹

Brit.

/ˈkarɪə/, U.S.

/ˈkɛriər/

Forms: Middle English cariere, Middle English carioure, Middle English caryare, Middle English caryour, Middle English–1500s cariour, Middle English–1600s carier, Middle English–1600s caryar, Middle English–1600s caryer, 1500s cariar, 1500s carryar, 1500s–1600s carriar, 1500s–1600s carryer, 1500s– carrier, 1900s– carr'yer (English regional); Scottish pre-1700 cairreyar, pre-1700 carear, pre-1700 careir, pre-1700 careyar, pre-1700 cariar, pre-1700 carier, pre-1700 cariour, pre-1700 cariowr, pre-1700 carriar, pre-1700 carriour, pre-1700 caryar, pre-1700 caryare, pre-1700 caryer, pre-1700 1700s– carrier.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly formed within English, by derivation; modelled on a French lexical item. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: carry v., -er suffix¹; French cariour.

Etymology: Partly < carry v. + -er suffix¹, after Anglo-Norman cariour, carier (also chariour , charriour ) carter, transporter of goods (mid 14th cent.); and partly directly < Anglo-Norman cariour, carier (compare -our suffix, -er suffix²).Compare post-classical Latin carriarius (c1283 in a British source) and also carriator (from 13th cent. in British sources). Quot. a1395 at sense 1a could instead show the Anglo-Norman word, although the proximity of scorer n. suggests that the English word is intended. The surname Rogerus le Cariour (1332) probably reflects the Anglo-Norman word.

I. A person or thing that carries something.

a. A person or company that transports goods, freight, parcels, etc., usually under a contract and for a fee. Also: a company, esp. an airline, which transports passengers. Sometimes: spec. = common carrier n. (see note). Also figurative.Under U.K. law a common carrier is one who undertakes to provide a public service; such a carrier must carry any people or goods (within certain restrictions) on regular routes; must charge a reasonable rate; and is liable for all loss or damage to goods in transit. Cf. common adj. 3a.See also air carrier n., canal carrier n. newspaper carrier n., river carrier n., etc.

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society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > transport of goods in a vehicle > [noun] > conveyor of goods by vehicle

carriera1395

common carrier1465

loader1476

conductora1533

procaccio1648

shipper1840

transport-rider1850

freighter1872

a1395 in Archaeologia (1832) 24 310 (MED) De cccxxiiij lodes meremii..Et sic deficiunt ij lod. xij ped. unde regula le scorer et le carier.

1439 Chancery Proc. Ser. C1 File 9 No. 124 (MED) William dyd send þe seid clothe before hym with Cariers vnto Oxenford.

1471 in J. T. Fowler Acts Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1875) 154 Rogeri Brounfeld de Ebor', caryour.

1583 G. Babington Very Fruitfull Expos. Commaundem. x. 512 Our senses, the common carriers of conceites into vs.

1592 R. Greene Thirde Pt. Conny-catching sig. B3 I haue..a Cheese from my Vncle..which I receiued of the Carrier.

1681 T. Frankland Ann. King James & King Charles I 469/2 The Kings Majesty did now..Command, that no common Carriers or other persons, do..travel with any Wagon, Cart, &c. whereon is, or shall be laid at once above two thousand weight.

1774 S. Johnson Let. 29 Jan. (1992) II. 123 If any thing is too bulky for the post, let me have it by the carrier.

1834 Gores' Directory & View Liverpool 79 Liverpool Union Company, Carriers per Leeds and Liverpool canal.

1945 Financial Times 6 Mar. (City ed.) 2/3 The right of carriers to land in a foreign country for refuelling, repairs or other services should be established as an international principle.

2000 Econ. Affairs 20 54/1 One week after the 1999 Budget, the diesel cost increase forced our carriers to increase the cost of transporting our goods to our customers.

b. A nation or community which engages in worldwide commerce. Now historical.

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1657 S. Lambe Seasonable Observ. 3 The Hollander..have been termed the Carryers of the World through their multitude of Shipping, sending them out to all Nations that have any Trade by Sea.

1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations II. iv. ii. 44 The Dutch were..the great carriers of Europe.

1861 G. J. Goschen Theory Foreign Exchanges ii. 18 The country which becomes the carrier for others, thereby establishes claims against them with which it can pay its importations from them.

2005 D. Webb tr. M. Prak Dutch Republic in Seventeenth Cent. iii. 47 This measure [sc. the Navigation Act of 1651] was enacted purely to thwart the Dutch, the most important middlemen and carriers in Europe.

a. A person who or thing which carries something, in various senses of carry v.; a bearer. Frequently with of. Also figurative.See also fetcher and carrier at fetcher n. 1a.

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the world > movement > transference > [noun] > conveying or transporting > action of carrying > one who carries

bearereOE

portera1382

carriera1398

beringa1500

portator?c1500

Christopher?1548

manuporter1688

toter1817

humper1961

the world > movement > transference > [noun] > conveying or transporting > conveying by a channel or medium > channel or medium of conveyance

carriera1398

conduct1423

conveyance1548

conduita1569

conduit-pipe1581

convoy1599

conveyor1621

conveyancer1624

convoyance1682

conductor1796

efferent1876

society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance by carrying > [noun] > by a person > person who

bearereOE

portera1382

carriera1398

load-man1487

coal-heaver1654

light porter1772

toter1817

packer1871

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. v. lxi. 280 A veyne is beryere and cariere of blood.

c1443 R. Pecock Reule of Crysten Religioun (1927) 123 (MED) An aungel..may so joyne hym silf to a body forto be of þe body oonly a mover and a carier fro place to place.

1571 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Psalmes of Dauid with Comm. (lxxiv. 16) The sonne as the cheef caryer thereof [i.e. of light].

1576 T. Twyne Schoolemaster iii. iii. sig. L^v The spirits are the carriers of the powers and strength into althe parts.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 122 Winds..will drive The loaded Carriers from their Ev'ning Hive.

1716 in J. T. Wheeler Madras in Olden Time (1861) II. 230 Cooks, water bearers, coolies, Palankeen boys, roundel men (umbrella carriers).

1884 Spectator 12 July 913/1 Compulsion is used to obtain carriers for the dead.

1995 Appl. Linguistics 16 47 Do becomes the tense/agreement carrier rather than the main verb.

2001 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 18 Oct. 5 (advt.) Tiersten has deftly tracked the bourgeois housewives of fin-de-siècle France in their new roles as spenders, taste-setters, and overloaded carriers of cultural values.

b. A vessel used to transport fish from a fishing ground to shore. Now rare.Recorded earliest as a modifier.See also fish-carrier n. (a) at fish n.¹ Compounds 2b.

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society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > fishing vessel > [noun] > vessels which store, freeze, or transport fish

well-boat1614

fish-pool1718

sack ship1732

well smack?1758

carrier1825

sale-boat1840

ice boat1846

plunger1860

runner1881

pound-boat1884

run boat1884

fish-carrier1886

smacka1891

shacker1902

Klondiker1926

factory trawler1928

1825 C. M. George National Waggon-post vii. 41 The proper system of fishing is to send out fleets of large craft, to remain on the fishing-ground for weeks together, and to have carrier smaller craft attached to them, to bring their produce home.

1883 R. F. Walsh On Improved Facilities Capture Sea Fishes 16 Many plans of steam carriers have been devised and proposed—some of them are novel, and some have been tried. Amongst the latter is the vessel with false hold or bottom, which allows the water to pass through with a view to bringing the fish alive to market.

1967 Commerc. Fisheries Rev. Aug. 53/2 Refrigerated carrier is being constructed...Upon completion in late September, the carrier will be placed in service on the West African run to haul trawl-caught fish back to Japan.

1987 Regional Compend. Fisheries Legislation (U.N. Food & Agric. Organization) I. 37 (table) Fishing vessel licence..under 15 m. $40..carrier and processor $100.

(a) A container, holder, or other receptacle, esp. one designed to facilitate carrying something in the hands, or in a pocket, bag, etc.See also baby carrier n. (b) at baby n. and adj. Compounds 1g.

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society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > [noun]

receivera1398

resetc1400

receipta1425

receptaclec1425

repository1485

receptorya1500

pot1503

container?1504

hold1517

containing?1541

continent?1541

receptable1566

nest1589

conceptacle1611

keep1617

house1625

reception1646

inholder1660

conceptaculum1691

penholder1815

holder1833

carrier1855

compactum1907

1855 Blackburn Standard 11 Apr. Mahogany Hat-stand, with flat back and branches; neat carrier and receiver for umbrellas.

1904 Windsor Mag. Jan. 273/2 You can have breakfast, luncheon, tea, and dinner brought piping hot to your table in patent carrier trays.

1950 Morning Herald (Hagerstown, Maryland) 12 Oct. 19/6 (advt.) Amitone..$1.19 100 tablets—plus handy pocket carrier for 6 tablets.

1969 San Antonio (Texas) Express 16 Dec. 3 a/2 (advt.) The handsome set of two cut glass decanters comes in a leather carrier lined in green velvet.

2017 Associated Press Newswire (Nexis) 20 Apr. Metra only allows small pets in enclosed carriers, and the carriers must fit on a passenger's lap or under the seat.

(b) A bag, typically of plastic or paper and with handles, supplied by a shop to carry goods purchased there; = carrier bag n. at Compounds 3. Frequently with preceding modifying word, indicating the material from which the carrier is made.Not commonly used in North America.

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society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > bag > [noun] > carried in hand > paper or plastic, with handle

carrier bag1907

carry bag1917

carriera1935

a1935 W. Holtby South Riding (1936) i. v. 58 Mothers with laden paper carriers and aching varicose veins.

1959 S. Delaney Taste of Honey i. i. 7 Pass me that bottle—it's in the carrier.

1989 R. Swindells Follow Shadow (1991) 67 Alvin had some sixpacks in a plastic carrier.

2007 Independent 14 Nov. 2/4 The shops refused to give out free plastic bags, charging 5p for a cornstarch bag, 10p for a paper or £1.50 for a cotton carrier.

(a) A cylindrical container used to transport items (esp. letters, parcels, etc.) by pneumatic tube.

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society > communication > correspondence > postal services > equipment for sending or delivering mail > [noun] > pneumatic dispatch tube > case for enclosing letters

carrier1872

1872 Minutes Proc. Inst. Civil Engineers 33 7 The carriers for the reception of telegrams, letters, or light parcels, consist of small cylinders made of gutta percha, papier-maché, or tin, closed at one end, and with a lid at the other.

1892 Pall Mall Gaz. 18 Aug. 1/3 The actual form on which the message was written is put into a little cloth box, called a carrier, and blown through a tube to the central telegraph office.

1995 Sci. Amer. June 20/3 Canisters, called carriers, that rocket through air-blown pipes can now be tracked along each leg of a journey with optical sensors that relay to a computer the whereabouts of a parcel.

(b) A small, light capsule in which a message may be placed, designed to be attached to the leg of a carrier pigeon.

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society > communication > correspondence > postal services > equipment for sending or delivering mail > [noun] > capsule on pigeon

carrier1918

1918 Washington Post 18 Aug. iii. 2/2 A fragment of shrapnel had ripped the metal carrier from the pigeon's leg and driven it into its breast.

1920 Blackwood's Mag. Dec. 762/1 He took a message form, wrote a few words on it, and taking a pigeon from the basket, fixed a carrier to its leg.

2017 @ThisDayinWWI 27 Dec. in twitter.com (accessed 4 May 2020) Dec 27 1917 Royal Engineers removing a message from the special carrier attached to the leg of a carrier pigeon, near Dickebusch.

e. A rack, box, or other apparatus designed to be attached to a bicycle or motor vehicle, and used for carrying luggage, supporting panniers, etc. Also occasionally: a similar rack on which a passenger may be carried.

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society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicle propelled by feet > [noun] > cycle > parts and equipment of cycles > other parts of cycles

saddle1819

saddle pin1836

rest1855

pillion1878

Arab spring1880

carrier1885

coaster1895

bicycle basket1896

pacemaker1896

steering lock1897

headset1898

flapper-seat1916

stand1918

kick-stand1947

sissy bar1959

stabilizers1960

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > motorcycle > [noun] > parts of

carrier1911

pillion1911

stand1918

drivetrain1938

kick-stand1947

twist grip1954

sissy bar1959

peg1965

hardtail1971

tank bag1974

top box1976

cockpit1993

1885 Naturalist's World Jan. 6 A ‘carrier’ can be fixed on to the rod supporting the seat.

1911 C. S. Lake Motor Cyclist's Handbk. 253 Luggage Carrier and Stand. It is common practice to make the carrier of tubular material.

1912 Western Times (Exeter) 3 Sept. 6/6 A young motor cyclist..ran full tilt into a flock of sheep at the junction of two roads. He had a passenger on the carrier at the time and both riders sustained several cuts and bruises.

1923 Western Daily Press (Bristol) 30 Aug. 5/6 Lily Collins..was admitted to the Royal Infirmary suffering from concussion, caused through a fall from a pillion carrier of a motor cycle.

1995 Which? June 32/2 Sleek-looking cars without rain gutters have produced a new breed of roof carriers.

2020 mirror.co.uk (Nexis) 13 May Unlike most folding bikes, it comes fitted with mudguards, a kickstand and a rear carrier.

a. A person employed to carry baggage, equipment, supplies, or other loads; a porter. Now chiefly historical.See also luggage-carrier n., sack-carrier n., water carrier n. 1a, etc.

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society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > other manual or industrial workers > [noun] > porter

bearereOE

bermanc1000

portera1382

carriera1460

crocheteur1579

off-bearer1856

a1460 Knyghthode & Bataile (Pembr. Cambr. 243) l. 1390 (MED) Herfore helmettis wight A fewe vppon the cariours were dight.

?c1510 tr. Newe Landes & People founde by Kynge of Portyngale sig. Eii^v Cariers tho that go with the olyphantes and cary our harneys and vitales.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. iii. 72/1 The Lator, or Porter, a Bearer or Carrier of Burthens on their Backs or Shoulders, and such are they that wait at Custom Houses, attend Merchants Cellars and Grocers Shops, to carry their Goods from place.

1885 Pall Mall Gaz. 25 Nov. His carriers, thirty Malays, are following.

1910 A. Williams Engin. Wonders of World 1 199/1 The whole of the material for the construction of the line..had to be brought overland for long distances either by native carriers or by bullock-wagon.

2004 Bath Chron. (Nexis) 14 Apr. 5 The chairs would have been positioned alongside sedan chairs, to be used by porters or carriers while they waited for orders to transport their masters or mistresses to..social engagements.

b. A person (or animal) that carries or conveys a message or other communication.

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society > communication > information > message > [noun] > messenger

erendrakec825

bodec888

apostlec950

sand1038

sandesman1123

sanderbodec1200

bearer?c1225

errand-bearer?c1225

messenger?c1225

erindeberea1250

sand-manc1275

beadsman1377

herald1377

messagea1382

runnera1382

sendmana1400

interpreter1490

nuntius1534

post1535

pursuivant?1536

nuncius1573

nuncio1587

carrier1594

nunciate1596

mercury1597

chiaus1599

foreranger1612

postera1614

irisa1616

missivea1616

chouse1632

angela1637

caduceator1684

purpose messenger1702

errand-bringer1720

harkara1747

commissionaire1749

carrier pigeon1785

errander1803

errand-porter1818

tchaush1819

card carrier1845

errand-goer1864

choush1866

ghulam1882

1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus iv. iii. 86 What saies Iubiter I aske thee?..Why villaine art not thou the Carrier.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) ii. ii. 131 This Puncke is one of Cupids Carriers .

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth V. 291 These birds are employed..as the most expeditious carriers.

1872 E. Millett Austral. Parsonage 81 They were always ready to act as messengers and carriers of letters or ‘paper-talk’, as such missives are styled by the natives.

2018 B. Kleinhans in K. Driscoll & E. Hoffmann What is Zoopoetics? 47 Pigeons/doves were used as carriers of messages for thousands of years.

†c. Criminals' slang. Each of a number of people employed by a criminal gang to identify potential victims and communicate information about them to the gang. Obsolete. rare.

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1725 New Canting Dict. Carriers, a Sett of Rogues..employ'd to look out, and watch upon the Roads, at Inns, &c., in order to carry Information to their respective Gangs, of a booty in Prospect.

d. A person employed to carry and deliver letters; a postman or postwoman. Now chiefly North American.See also letter carrier n., mail-carrier n., post-carrier n.

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society > communication > correspondence > postal services > person or vehicle that carries letters or mail > [noun] > person

letter bearera1400

breveterc1440

post1507

letter carrier1552

post boy1588

ordinary1592

packet carrier1606

postie1611

woman-posta1616

postwoman1683

letterman1707

postman1758

packeteer1784

letter boy1794

carrier1798

delivery officer1839

post-girl1850

mailman1881

packeter1893

postlady1975

1798 Post-office Law 36 If the arrangement for conveying such mails require instant dispatch, then..put them at the same time into the bag, that the carrier may proceed.

1803 Morning Post 21 Sept. Letters sometimes were mis-sorted, and got into the hands of the wrong carriers.

1923 C. J. Dutton Shadow on Glass 170 The letter..had been picked up by a carrier who had the eastern section of the town for his route.

2010 Herald-Times (Bloomington, Indiana) 11 Dec. a6/4 We also have 80,000 ‘park and loop’ routes, where carriers will drive vehicles from the post office to neighborhoods and then deliver those holiday packages and cards by walking.

4. Originally: a pigeon used to carry messages (now chiefly historical). In later use also (frequently with distinguishing word): any of various breeds of pigeon developed for racing or for exhibition; a pigeon of such a breed. Cf. carrier pigeon n. 1.

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the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Columbiformes (pigeons, etc.) > domestic pigeon > [noun] > carrier

carrier1641

carrier pigeon1644

carrier bird1728

Antwerp1839

scandaroon1860

postman pigeon1901

1641 J. Wilkins Mercury xvi. 128 A smaller sort of Pigeon, of a light body, and swift Flight..called by the Name of Carriers.

1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Pigeon Many Sorts of Pigeons, such as Carriers,..Jacobins, Turbits, Helmets, [etc.].

1839 New Sporting Mag. June 378 To the eye of any one, who has been solely accustomed to the English carrier, they [sc. Antwerps] possess but little recommendation.

1859 C. Darwin Origin of Species x. 335 Many varieties between the rock-pigeon and the carrier have become extinct.

1981 Isis 72 167 On one side, Columba livia; on the other, the myriad fantails, pouters, runts, toys, carriers, and tumblers.

2020 J. E. Dawson Farm Boy City Girl xiii. 220 Later I integrated English carriers.

a. A part of a mechanism or device which serves to carry, transfer, or hold another part or something which is being worked with.See also file-carrier n., lathe-carrier n., planet carrier n., shuttle-carrier n., etc.

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society > occupation and work > equipment > machine tool > lathe > [noun] > part holding work

mandrel1664

chock1665

pike1680

centre plate1717

carrier1733

chuck1806

screw chuck1827

grip-knob1833

faceplate1837

surface chuck1842

jaw-chuck1874

turning-carrier1877

screw worm chuck1881

steady1885

roller steady1911

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > parts which provide power > [noun] > transmitters

carrier1733

pitman1813

driver1819

friction-cone1842

universal joint1856

cardan joint1868

reach rodc1871

Hooke coupling1883

friction-disc1888

impeller1890

transmission-gear1894

transmission1906

fluid flywheel1930

Hooke's joint1930

torque converter1934

fluid coupling1940

UJ1970

1733 J. Tull Horse-hoing Husbandry xxiii. 171 Its only Use is to hold the fore Hopper from turning upon the Spindle, being put thro' a Thing..like the Carrier of a Latch.

1829 Trans. Soc. Encouragem. Arts, Manuf., & Commerce 47 132 The variation proceeds from the driver, which acts only on one end of the carrier.

1889 Amer. Monthly Microsc. Jrnl. 10 265 A metal frame is used as a carrier for the dark-field stop.

1968 G. Boothroyd & H. E. Redford Mechanized Assembly ii. 8 An in-line assembly machine is one where the work carriers are transferred in line along a straight slideway.

2006 Radio (Nexis) 1 Dec. 94 The record/reproduce head was mounted on a carrier that moved in a straight line across the rotating disc.

b. A device which holds a number of cartridges for insertion into the magazine of a firearm; = charger n.² 6b.

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society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > parts and fittings of firearms > [noun] > bore > chamber > charger

carrier1833

charger1902

1833 J. Wilson French & Eng. Dict. 932/1 Gargoussier, cartridge-carrier.

1854 Brit. Patent 424 7 A piston or slide to force the cartridge out of the carrier and into the barrel.

1901 Westm. Gaz. 21 Mar. 4/3 By means of the carrier the cartridges are dropped into the magazine receptacle and the empty carrier thrown away.

1999 Target Sports Dec. 78/1 As the lever is closed the breechbolt chambers the round and the carrier snaps back to its rest position where another cartridge is loaded onto it.

6. A drain, ditch, or channel, esp. for water or sewage. Cf. carriage n. 7. Now rare.In quot. 1771 in carrier drain in the same sense.

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the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > channel for conveyance of water

water leatOE

water lade1224

leat1279

watergang1293

sow1316

trough1398

wissinga1400

lanec1420

waterway1431

water leasow1440

watercoursea1450

fleam1523

lead1541

cut1548

aqueducta1552

lake1559

strand1565

race1570

channel1581

watergauge1597

gout1598

server1610

carriage1669

runnel1669

aquage1706

shoot1707

tewel1725

run1761

penstock1763

hulve1764

way-gang1766

culvert1774

flume1784

shute1790

pentrough1793

raceway1793

water carriage1793

carrier1794

conductor1796

water carrier1827

penchute1875

chute1878

by-cut1883

1771 A. Young Farmer's Tour E. Eng. II. xi. 42 He..cut a great carrier drain 10 feet wide..into which smaller drains were cut.]

1794 W. Pitt Gen. View Agric. Stafford 36 Such water to be let out of the said main carrier at pleasure, by sluices constructed in different places in the sides thereof.

1800 Repertory Arts & Manuf. 3 253 The main gutters or carriers are constructed with some fall down the land.

1883 Pall Mall Gaz. 16 Oct. 4/2 This liquid..is lifted by a sludge pump into an underground carrier and deposited in earth tanks.

1971 P. J. O. Trist Surv. Agric. Suffolk iv. 69 Larger pipes are laid where the ditch is a ‘carrier’.

†7. British regional. A small low detached cloud, thought to be a sign of imminent rain. Cf. water carrier n. 3c. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > [noun] > a cloud > small cloud > portending rain

colt's tail1744

water wagon1815

water doga1825

sop1828

carrier1844

1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm I. 251 The ominous scud is the usual harbinger of the rain-cloud, and is therefore commonly called ‘messengers’, ‘carriers’ or ‘water-waggons’.

1884 R. Lawson Upton-on-Severn Words & Phrases 23 Messenger, a small detached cloud (cumulus) floating low, and supposed to betoken rain. Sometimes called a Carrier.

8. A company or organization which provides telecommunications services.

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1875 Daily Evening Bull. (San Francisco) 7 Aug. If telegraph carriers are to be held responsible for the truth of what is transmitted over the wires, they might as well pull up their poles and go out of business.

1987 Financial Times (Nexis) 6 Apr. 2 The existing system for international telecommunications was based on multilateral agreements among telecoms carriers to build and operate undersea cables and space satellites.

1999 Star-Ledger (Newark, New Jersey) 22 Sept. 49/3 When a wireless carrier strays outside its own network to complete a phone call, it has to pay a roaming charge.

2018 Amer. Affairs Winter 97 The fine print on many mobile data contracts permits carriers to throttle your speeds..if the network is congested.

9. A company or organization which provides insurance.

ΚΠ

1910 Bull. Bureau Labor (U.S. Dept. Commerce & Labor) No. 90. 722 A special national fund, from which the compensation is paid in cases of insolvency either of the employer or of the insurance carrier.

1976 Sci. Amer. Aug. 22/3 Malpractice insurance has become much more difficult to get in recent years; some 22 commercial carriers offered it five years ago.

1991 Jrnl. Risk & Insurance 58 559 Walter and Jane Blank demanded that their general liability carriers defend a nuisance action against them that resulted from the disposal of pesticides.

2010 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 3 Aug. b11/5 A claim can be brought when the damage occurs, at the time it becomes apparent or when the plaintiff seeks redress, as long as a carrier insured the company at one of those times.

10. A large warship which carries and serves as a base for aircraft, and from which they are able to take off and land; = aircraft carrier n.See also aeroplane carrier at aeroplane n. Compounds 1, air carrier n. (b) at air n.¹ Compounds 2, seaplane carrier n. at seaplane n. Compounds.

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society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > war vessel > [noun] > aircraft carrier

air carrier1915

aircraft carrier1917

carrier1919

bird farm1942

through-deck cruiser1969

1919 L. R. Freeman To Kiel in ‘Hercules’ 114 Aeroplanes launched from the ‘carrier’ Furious.

1958 New Statesman 28 June 822/2 Fighters and bombers operating from the fleet's three carriers.

2013 Daily Tel. 15 Nov. 23/3 The carrier's flight deck covers 4.5 acres, the equivalent of three football fields, and planes and helicopters can come and go in quick succession.

II. In scientific uses.

11.

a. Originally: a person, animal, plant, or thing that acts as a source of contagion or infection. In later use spec.: an individual persistently infected, often asymptomatically, with a disease-causing agent which may then be transmitted to others. Also as a modifier. Cf. vector n. 3a.Also as the second element in compounds with prefixed noun denoting the disease or agent carried, as in typhoid carrier (see the first element).See also carrier state n. at Compounds 3.

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the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > production of disease > [noun] > person or population

infecter1509

infector1580

carrier1593

vaccinifer1862

fecundator1883

infective1925

reservoir1939

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > production of disease > [noun] > person or population > carrier

carrier1593

vector1922

1593 T. Legge et al. Let. 17 July (BL MS Landsdowne 75) f. 10 The most ordynary carriers and dispersers thereof [i. e. infection].

1831 Lancet 19 Nov. 272/2 How many of the 420 may have been in contact with the animate or inanimate carriers of the contagion before the irruption!

1902 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 4 Jan. 56/1 In these ‘carrier’ cases..lies the real cause of the persistence and increase of diphtheria.

1909 W. Osler & T. McCrae Syst. Med. V. 818 Chronic Carriers.—In many cases the typhoid bacillus may be recovered from the gall-bladder years after an attack of typhoid fever.

1937 F. T. Heald Introd. Plant Pathol. xvi. 319 A virus may exist in a plant without causing any external evidence of its presence, and such symptomless ‘carriers’ may yield the virus to insects feeding upon them.

2020 @WoobieTuesday 2 Sept. in twitter.com (accessed 2 Sept. 2020) A bus passenger who'd just dined with friends didn't know she was a carrier. Days later 24 passengers were infected.

b. Genetics. An individual who may pass an inherited trait or disease (or the gene responsible for it) to descendants, typically without manifesting signs of it. Also as a modifier.Used esp. with reference to individuals heterozygous for a recessive trait or gene.See also carrier state n. at Compounds 3.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > allele > dominant or recessive > carrier of recessive gene

carrier1911

1911 Amer. Breeders Mag. 2 113 This family history indicates that brother and sister were carriers of a latent factor of left-handedness.

1970 Observer 12 Apr. 25/4 It's estimated that every human being is a carrier for about half a dozen lethal and perhaps a dozen crippling recessive genes.

2013 Wall St. Jrnl. 9 Nov. a13/3 These innovations expand on an existing service for prospective parents called carrier screening.

12. Physics.

a. Originally: a body thought to be carrying electricity in the form of a fluid (cf. electric fluid n.). In later use: an electron, ion, molecule, or other entity carrying an electric charge.

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the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > ion > [noun] > electrical property of particles > electron, atom, or group carrying

carrier1801

1801 Encycl. Brit. Suppl. I. 577/2 The cork ball was the carrier of fluid from A to C if D was electric by redundancy.

1878 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 169 230 The molecules of the gas acting as carriers of electrification.

1901 E. Rutherford in London, Edinb. & Dublin Philos. Mag. 6th Ser. 2 221 The velocity of the negative carrier produced by ultra-violet light is about the same as that of an ion produced by x-rays;..it behaves at low pressures as if it were identical with the cathode-ray carrier.

1955 L. B. Loeb Kinetic Theory Gases ii. 185 Since carriers in gases are in constant contact with the ambient gas molecules, they partake of the random chaotic heat motions of the molecules.

1964 L. H. Van Vlack Elements Materials Sci. (ed. 2) v. 110 In ionic conductivity, the carriers may be either negative or positive ions.

2019 www.releasewire.com 31 July (accessed 2 Sept. 2020) Sodium ions are excellent carriers of charge, which make sodium-ion batteries an effective energy storage alternative to lithium-ion batteries.

b. spec. Any of the mobile electrons or holes (hole n. 4f) by which electric charge passes through a semiconductor.majority carrier, minority carrier: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > solid state physics > semiconductivity > [noun] > carrier of charges

carrier1939

majority carrier1951

minority carrier1951

1939 A. H. Wilson Semi-conductors & Metals iv. 47 Since the ‘holes’ behave in many ways like positive electrons, this question can be settled by measuring any quantity which depends on the first power of the charge of the carrier.

1987 E. H. J. Pallett Aircraft Electr. Syst. (ed. 3) iii. 53/2 When a voltage is applied..an exchange of electrons and positive current carriers (known as ‘holes’) takes place at the contact surfaces.

2009 Nature 26 Nov. 386/3 So far, successful control of the charge carriers' spin in such devices has been limited to low temperatures and to one type of carrier (electrons) only, thus limiting their technological potential.

13.

a. A molecule or cell which physically transports a molecular substance, such as oxygen or (in immunology) a hapten.

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the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [noun] > processes or substances affecting reactions

carrier1844

the world > life > biology > substance > process stimulators or inhibitors > other stimulators or inhibitors > [noun]

styptica1400

carrier1844

luciferase1888

luciferin1888

urease1892

peroxidase1899

protease1903

renin1903

phenolase1907

proteinase1907

phytase1908

lecithinase1910

uricase1910

phosphatase1912

prunase1912

phenoloxidase1913

oxytocin1927

phosphomonoesterase1932

androgen1936

phosphorylase1939

slow reacting substance1939

phospholipase1945

plasmin1945

bradykinin1949

nitroreductase1953

cytostatic1964

oncogen1967

autoinducer1968

1844 G. Bird Urinary Deposits ii. 45 Blood-discs, the reputed carriers of oxygen.

1885 A. N. Bell Climatol. & Min. Waters U.S. iii. 9 Other bodies..have been denominated ‘ozone-carriers’... These bodies are said to absorb ozone without combining with it, and to possess the property of yielding it up to other substances.

1959 Jrnl. Infectious Dis. 104 118/1 These antigenic variations may be due to..a single F antigen from all sources but with different carriers or attached substances which modify the antigenicity.

1990 C. P. Mangum in D. L. Gilbert et al. Squid as Exper. Animals xx. 443 The blood oxygen carrying capacity, in this case a simple function of concentration of the carrier molecule hemocyanin (Hc), is lower than in most fishes.

2010 J. M. Cruse & R. E. Lewis Atlas Immunol. (ed. 3) iii. 171/1 The immunization of rabbits or other animals with a hapten–carrier complex leads to the formation of antibodies specific for the hapten as well as the carrier.

b. Chemistry and Biochemistry. A substance which facilitates the transfer of specific atoms from one molecule to another during a reaction, typically by forming an intermediate compound.

ΚΠ

1866 H. Watts Dict. Chem. IV. 298 The same quantity of cobalt-peroxide..may be repeatedly used for the purpose, as it does not undergo any permanent change, but appears to act merely as a carrier of oxygen, first taking it from the hypochlorite.

1921 D. L. Hammick Org. Chem. 156 [The iron] probably acts as a halogen ‘carrier’, ferric bromide being first formed, and then ‘handing on’ bromine to the benzene molecules.

1986 M. B. V. Roberts Biology (ed. 4) vii. 103/1 Under the influence of a dehydrogenase enzyme, two hydrogen atoms are removed from the intermediate compound and taken up by a hydrogen carrier or acceptor, which is thereby reduced.

2008 R. Richie Revise AS & A2 Chem. iv. 133 An acyl chloride is used in the presence of a halogen carrier.

c. Cell Biology and Physiology. A substance that facilitates the passage of another substance into or out of a cell or cellular organelle; (in later use) spec. a protein that forms part of a membrane and is involved in the transport of a specific substance through the membrane. Also as a modifier (cf. carrier protein n. (b) at Compounds 3).

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > movement > [noun] > of ions or protons > agent

carrier1936

ionophore1967

1936 W. J. V. Osterhout in Bot. Rev. 2 293 One substance may affect the entrance of another by competing for the substance which acts as a carrier.

1949 Physiol. Rev. 29 129 A system which can react with the complex so as to set free the ion, either by changing the carrier chemically or by supplying another ion which can replace the transported ion in the ion-carrier complex.

1974 V. B. Mountcastle Med. Physiol. (ed. 13) II. xlvii. 1076/1 Phlorizin completely blocks glucose reabsorption, presumably by binding strongly to membrane carriers and preventing their attachment to glucose molecules.

2015 W. D. Stein & T. Lipman Channels, Carriers, & Pumps (ed. 2) iv. 165 In most cases a bewildering variety of carriers exist in the same cell membrane.

14.

a. An insoluble substance, such as barytes, china clay, or gypsum, with which the colouring matter is combined in the preparation of certain pigments.

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the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > bases > [noun] > an insoluble substance used as a base

carrier1891

1891 T. E. Thorpe Dict. Appl. Chem. II. 398/1 The ‘carrier’ (usually starch, China-clay, or chalk) is mixed with the colour solution.

1915 J. C. Smith Manuf. Paint (ed. 2) 170 Many so-called lakes consist simply of a carrier..saturated with a soluble dye.

2001 P. Ball Bright Earth iii. 72 The water-soluble crimson dye is affixed to an inorganic, colourless ‘carrier’ powder, generating a relatively opaque solid material called a lake pigment.

b. Any relatively inert material used as a base or bulk medium with which a smaller amount of an active substance (such as a catalyst, drug, pesticide, essential oil, etc.) is mixed to enable its processing, application, or analysis; esp. (a) a material with which small amounts of a radioactive substance are mixed to facilitate chemical reaction, physical manipulation, or therapeutic application; (b) an inert material, or one of known properties, used to convey samples of rare or volatile substances for analysis, esp. by chromatography or spectroscopy.See also carrier gas n., carrier oil n. at Compounds 3.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > [noun] > types by properties

agent1624

analyser1661

pyrophorus1734

pyrophore1788

frigoric1812

diffusate1850

diffusant1867

cryogen1875

metachrome1876

carrier1902

getter1912

active1918

network former1947

network modifier1947

radiosensitizer1953

monophase1968

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [noun] > processes or substances affecting reactions > catalysis > catalyst > supporting medium for

support1898

carrier1902

1902 Jrnl. Soc. Chem. Industry 15 Mar. 309/1 The nature of the contact substance and its concentration, as also the nature of the material used as carrier, are matters of the greatest importance.

1923 Bull. Wisconsin Agric. Exper. Station 355 10 Dusts containing copper sulfate, gypsum, or some other inert carrier are more successful against the cucumber beetle than the active [nicotine] dusts.

1947 M. D. Kamen Radioactive Tracers in Biol. ii. 38 It is usual to add small quantities..of the element to be purified so that ordinary chemical manipulation is possible... Such material is called ‘carrier’.

1962 A. B. Whitehead & H. H. Heady Spectrographic Anal. Cerium by Carrier Distillation Technique (U.S. Bureau Mines, Rep. Investig. 6091) 1 Selective volatilization enhanced by the addition of a volatile compound as carrier provided a practical means of eliminating or reducing the intensity of the complex uranium spectrum.

1987 K. A. Rubinson Chem. Anal. vi. 197 A carrier is a substance that has a chemistry sufficiently similar to that of the analyte so that the analyte and carrier coprecipitate or the analyte ions adsorb on the carrier precipitate surface.

2018 A. K. Avci & Z. I. Önsan in I. Dinçer Comprehensive Energy Syst. ii. xvi. 497 The procedure of infusing a solid carrier with a precursor solution gives this technique its special character.

15. Telecommunications. More fully carrier signal, carrier wave. An electromagnetic wave or alternating electrical signal modulated in amplitude or frequency to convey sound, speech, information, etc.

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society > communication > telecommunication > [noun] > signal > frequency or band of frequencies > carrier

carrier1911

suppressed carrier1921

subcarrier1953

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic phenomena > [noun] > waveform > types of waveform > radio waves

carrier1911

ground wave1927

1911 Trans. Amer. Inst. Electr. Engineers 30 ii. 1666 The transmission of intelligible speech by means of a high frequency alternating current carrier, can also be accomplished on a simple telephone circuit consisting of wires.

1921 Electrician 15 Apr. 452/1 By the term ‘demodulation’ is meant the process of reproducing the original low frequency modulating wave from the carrier wave upon which it has been impressed.

1926 R. Bown et al. Some Stud. Radio Broadcast Transmission (Bell Telephone Lab.) 16 The tone was interrupted before modulation took place, and..the amplitude of the carrier signal is not affected.

1956 Spaceflight 1 27/2 A data input circuit..codes all information picked up by the satellite's instruments, and a modulator..superimposes the coded data on a carrier signal.

2000 P. Scherz Pract. Electronics for Inventors ix. 267 In radio circuits, high-frequency sinusoidal oscillators are used to generate carrier waves on which information can be encoded via modulation.

2013 IEEE Trans. Communications 61 3231/2 An unmodulated carrier drives a single antenna (or a phased array) with multiple reflectors and switches.

Compounds

C1. With adverbs, forming compound agent nouns corresponding to phrasal verbs at carry v., as in carrier away, carrier on, carrier out, etc. (see carry v. Phrasal verbs).

ΚΠ

1547 S. Gardiner Let. 14 Oct. (1933) 391/1 Many proclamations wer devised against the caryers out of corne.

1561 T. Hoby tr. B. Castiglione Courtyer ii. sig. N.iii^v No carier about of trifling newes.

c1661 Argyle's Last Will in Harl. Misc. (1746) VIII. 30/2 A most indefatigable Carrier on of his Designs.

1745 J. Swift Direct. to Servants x. 68 Those Ladies, who..keep an odious Implement, sometimes in the Bed-chamber itself..which they make Use of to ease their worst Necessities; and, you [sc. the House-Maids] are the usual Carriers away of the Pan.

1884 in Law Times Rep. 8 Mar. 45/2 The carriers on of the business.

1956 N. Algren Walk on Wild Side (1992) i. 24 In his middle age a florist both by vocation and avocation, a carrier-off of prizes in flower shows.

2001 Mod. Fiction Stud. 47 688 Calvin is Mischa's ‘other half’ in the sense that he is the malevolent carrier-out of much of Mischa's power-play.

C2. As a modifier, designating the properties, uses, and other features of carrier waves and signals (cf. sense 15), as carrier frequency, carrier voltage, etc.

ΚΠ

1915 Electrician 10 Dec. 358/1 With such a loaded cable and adopting a carrier frequency, the duplex balance would be a comparatively easy matter.

1923 Proc. IRE 11 41 The use of single side-band transmission has probably progressed farthest in connection with carrier telephony over wires.

1936 R. S. Glasgow Princ. Radio Engin. xiii. 394 To vary the sensitivity of the tubes so as to maintain essentially constant carrier voltage across the detector.

1970 Single Sideband for Radio Amateur (ed. 5) iii. 85/1 The diode ring-type balanced modulator, Fig. 2, provides approximately 35 db. of carrier suppression as measured with an r.f. probe.

2006 IEEE Trans. Industr. Electronics 53 187/1 A high-frequency carrier voltage is superimposed on a motor main terminal voltage.

2010 L. E. Frenzel Electronics Explained vii. 159 The carrier frequency remains constant during amplitude modulation.

C3.

carrier bag n. a bag, typically of plastic or paper and with handles, supplied by a shop to carry goods purchased there; cf. sense 2c(b).Not commonly used in North America.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > bag > [noun] > carried in hand > paper or plastic, with handle

carrier bag1907

carry bag1917

carriera1935

1907 Yesterday's Shopping (1969) 339/3 The ‘Sensible’ carrier bag. With strings. It is the only paper Bag with a firm bottom, and capable of carrying wet fruit, pastry &c., without..bursting the bag.

1956 Times 7 Aug. 6/7 Most of the new arrivals stepped out of the train with nothing more than one small suitcase or a paper carrier-bag.

2005 Country Living Apr. 104/1 Some 150 million plastic carrier bags are used in Britain every week.

carrier-based adj. (of an aircraft) operating or deploying from an aircraft carrier (cf. carrier-borne adj.); (of an attack) launched from an aircraft carrier.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > [adjective] > operating from aircraft carrier

carrier-borne1927

carrier-based1928

1928 S.A.E. Trans. (Soc. Automotive Engineers) 23 ii. 508/1 The torpedo-bombers for this offensive work must also be carrier-based landplanes equipped with arresting gear and emergency flotation-gear.

1968 New Scientist 1 Feb. 230/1 United States bases in the Pacific were warned to expect a carrier-based air strike..some days before the attack upon Pearl Harbour.

2015 Y. Miwa Japan's Econ. Planning & Mobilization in Wartime, 1930s–40s viii. 357 Few of the most advanced carrier-based fighters and land-based attack aircraft were ready to deploy.

carrier bird n. chiefly poetic (a) a bird used to carry messages, esp. a carrier pigeon; †(b) a pelican (see quot. 1801) (obsolete rare).

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Pelecaniformes > [noun] > member of family Pelecanidae (pelican)

onocrotalusc1384

pelicana1398

shoveller1552

alcatras1555

onocrotal1609

carrier bird1728

the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Columbiformes (pigeons, etc.) > domestic pigeon > [noun] > carrier

carrier1641

carrier pigeon1644

carrier bird1728

Antwerp1839

scandaroon1860

postman pigeon1901

1728 N. Zinzano Paradice Regain'd 53 My Carrier Birds with the like Swiftness move.

1801 R. Southey Thalaba I. v. 261 And journeying onward, blest the Carrier Bird.

1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam xxv. 42 But this it was that made me move As light as carrier-birds in air.

2016 @Ambreen427 14 Aug. in twitter.com (accessed 4 Sept. 2020) I will contact you via text, call, facetime, facebook, twitter, skype, instagram, kik, fax, or carrier bird until I get my point across.

carrier block n. a movable piece within a firearm by which a cartridge is conveyed from the magazine to the chamber, and then ejected (cf. sense 5b).

ΚΠ

1860 U.S. Patent 30,446 1/2 Z shows the construction or form of the top of the carrier-block by which, in raising, it is made to strike the cartridge.

1993 T. Henshaw Hist. Winchester Firearms (ed. 6) 49 A movable cartridge guide was placed on the right side of the carrier block to prevent the escape of the shell when the gun was turned sideways in the act of loading.

2004 J. H. Willbanks Machine Guns ii. 39 An overhead hopper magazine carried as many columns of cartridges as barrels and delivered them into a carrier block operated by a hand lever.

carrier-borne adj. (of an aircraft) operating or deploying from an aircraft carrier; cf. carrier-based adj.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > [adjective] > operating from aircraft carrier

carrier-borne1927

carrier-based1928

1927 Jrnl. Royal United Service Inst. Feb. 346 The defence of distant focal points and narrow waters (such as island groups) may also be effected with carrier-borne aircraft.

2014 E. Southby-Tailyour Exocet Falklands 271 The British, hampered by a lack of early-warning aircraft and suitable long-range, carrier-borne jets, had to fall back on imprecise, old fashioned, reactive methods of defence.

carrier current n. Telecommunications an alternating current on which a signal is superimposed for transmission by means of an electrical conductor.

ΚΠ

1915 Trans. Amer. Inst. Electr. Engineers 34 ii. 2109 A carrier current modulated in amplitude in accordance with the variations in a telephone current, is however, not a single frequency system at all.

1922 Encycl. Brit. XXXII. 712/2 The appurtenances specially developed for accomplishing this selection [of frequencies] in carrier current telephony are known as ‘band-pass electrical filters’.

1967 M. F. Buchan Electr. Supply x. 296 As the two ends of the system may be some distance apart, an information link is required, and this may be a pilot cable, a radio link, or carrier currents superimposed on the system itself.

2001 J. Walker Rebels on Air xi. 227 He also turned to radio, getting involved with the prison's carrier-current station and, after his release, with WRFG in Atlanta.

carrier-free adj. (of a radioactive isotope or its application) not requiring or involving the use of a carrier (cf. sense 14b(a)).

ΚΠ

1944 Amer. Jrnl. Physiol. 140 671 It was decided to use a carrier since the uptake of carrier-free iodine by the thyroid varies with the level of inorganic iodine in the blood at the time of injection.

1953 A. F. Rupp in J. R. Bradford Radioisotopes ix. 183 Carrier-free separation of radioisotopes by adsorption of radiocolloids.

2020 Carbohydrate Polymers 250 3/1 The positron source was prepared by evaporating carrier-free ²²NaCl (in aqueous solution).

carrier gas n. a gas mixed with a volatile material so that it can be made to flow through an apparatus, e.g. as an inert vector in chromatographic analysis (cf. sense 14b(b)) or in carburization and other industrial processes.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > named gases > [noun] > types

permanent gas1800

carrier gas1887

flue-gas1898

1887 U.S. Patent 375,054 1/1 It is of course well known that in using carbureted air or gas for illumination the quantity of the carrier-gas required will vary according as it is more or less perfectly carbureted.

1940 Nature 27 July 129/1 The vapour of the iodides at low pressure..and diluted with a carrier gas..was passed through a tube.

1999 Materials World July 410/1 Liquid source materials such as these can be conveniently carried into the reaction chamber, by bubbling a carrier gas such as hydrogen through them to provide a controlled flow of material with a given concentration.

2013 M. G. Carlin & J. R. Dean Forensic Applic. Gas Chromatography (e-book ed.) iv The most commonly used carrier gases are nitrogen, helium and hydrogen.

carrier oil n. an oil used to dissolve or dilute an oil-soluble essence or other substance, esp. for therapeutic application.

ΚΠ

1915 J. Rosen U.S. Patent 1,162,654 1/2 When this carrier oil strikes the heated material, explosions occur, agitating the rather thick mass, decomposing the oil so that it volatilizes and serves as a carrier for the volatile product of the mass.

1977 R. B. Tisserand Art of Aromatherapy x. 160 When mixing an oil for external use there are two basic ingredients: essential oil and vegetable oil (known, in this context, as a ‘carrier oil’).

1989 Mother Nov. 19/1 For massage purposes pure oils should be diluted in a ‘carrier’ oil.

2006 Ecologist Feb. 32/2 Household paints contain carrier oils, dispersion agents, viscosity adjusters, thickeners, surface tension adjusters, plasticisers and preservatives and many contain synthetic colours.

carrier pin n. a metal pin by which part of a mechanism (in some cases, a part called a carrier) is fastened or supported, or on which it pivots.

ΚΠ

1866 Merchants' Mag. Nov. 341 The lever is pulled down, which..makes the carrier pin and block slide back, ejecting the exploded shell and enabling the fresh cartridges to pass over the breech pin.

1881 F. J. Britten Watch & Clockmakers' Handbk. (ed. 4) 139 Holes..to receive the carrier pin.

1917 Handbk. Colt Automatic Machine Gun, Caliber .30 (U.S. Ordnance Dept.) 26 The cartridges are carried in front of the slide from the magazine by the carrier, which is pivoted to the frame by the carrier pin.

1998 T. Retsch in Encycl. Occup. Health & Safety (Internat. Labour Office) (ed. 4) III. 82.28/2 A loose carrier pin in a clutch may cause the lathe spindle to start rotating while the operator is adjusting a workpiece in the chuck.

carrier protein n. Biochemistry (a) a protein that binds a non-protein functional group or hapten; (b) a protein that is involved in the transport of a specific substance through a membrane; cf. sense 13c.

ΚΠ

1936 Ann. Rev. Biochem. 5 8 The inability of the synthetic flavinphosphate to combine with the carrier protein of the yellow pigment.

1962 Amer. Zoologist 2 50/2 (caption) In the condition of rest the transmitter molecule is bound to a carrier protein. The latter is probably part of a synaptic vesicle.

1999 P. A. Frey & D. B. Northrop Enzymatic Mechanisms 131 The biotin carboxyl carrier protein contains biotin covalently attached to a lysine residue.

2017 G. J. Tortora & B. Derrickson Princ. Anat. & Physiol. (ed. 15) iii. 70/1 Energy is required for carrier proteins to move solutes across the membrane against a concentration gradient.

carrier rocket n. a rocket which carries a payload (typically another rocket, a satellite, or a weapon).In late nineteenth-century quots. referring to pyrotechnic rockets for carrying marine life-saving equipment.

ΚΠ

1886 Portland (Maine) Daily Press 1 Nov. 4/3 The American Carrier Rocket Company..for the manufacture of powerful rockets with carrying capacity, designed among other things to throw life saving lines to vessels.

1896 Boston Sunday Globe 8 Nov. 2/1 One of his [sc. Patrick Cunningham's] earlier inventions was a carrier rocket, which was designed for use in cases of shipwreck.

1946 Antioch Rev. 6 487 The atom bomb and its carrier rocket which can't be stopped from coming over by interceptor-radar methods.

1959 Listener 18 June 1057/1 The carrier rocket of the Russian sputnik.

2005 D. M. Harland Story Space Station Mir ii. 62 The only difference in the carrier rocket was the omission of the escape system—in an accident the spacecraft was expendable.

carrier shell n. any of the tropical marine gastropod molluscs of the genus Xenophora or family Xenophoridae, many of which cement foreign objects, such as fragments of stone, coral, or other shells, to the edges of their own shells as a means of protection and camouflage; the shell of such a mollusc.

ΚΠ

1786 Catal. Portland Mus. (Skinner & Co.) 11 A pair of Trochus onustus, or Carrier shell.

1840 Penny Cycl. XVIII. 109/2 Phorus, De Montfort's name for the trochoid form which is loaded with pebbles, shells, &c. (Trochus agglutinans of authors..), generally known to collectors by the name of Carrier Shells.

1909 E. R. Chudleigh Diary 26 Nov. (1950) 449 It is called the Carrier Shell... It protects its own shell by sticking small flat shells on its back like slates.

2005 P. D. Taylor & D. N. Lewis Fossil Invertebr. iii. 79 Carrier shells deliberately cement foreign objects to the outer edges of their shells.

carrier state n. Medicine the condition of being a carrier of a specific disease, pathogen, or gene (cf. sense 11).

ΚΠ

1910 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 26 Nov. 1719/2 The carrier state was not intermittent; an agglutination was produced in the blood by the presence of the micro-organism in the intestine.

1944 J. V. Neel & W. N. Valentine in Arch. Internal Med. 74 196/2 It is suggested, on the basis of the pathologic and genetic evidence, that the full-blown disease be designated ‘thalassemia major’ and the milder carrier state ‘thalassemia minor’.

2011 Medicine 39 559/1 Both gallstones and the chronic typhoid carrier state are epidemiologically linked with gallbladder cancer.

† carrier trochus n. Obsolete a carrier shell, spec. one (formerly) assigned to the genus Trochus (see trochus n. 3a).

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Gastropoda > [noun] > superorder Branchifera > order Prosobranchiata > section Holostomata > family Littorinidae > member of genus Phorus

carrier trochus1775

mineralogist1851

mason-shell1884

1775 S. Paterson Museum Bakerianum 13 A carrier trochus, 2 harps, 2 ribbands, 2 tygers, 2 snails 2 green wilks and 2 joppa wilks.

1834 C. M. Yonge Let. 4 July in C. R. Coleridge C. M. Yonge iv. 123 I send you a carrier Trochus and Charles a waved whelk.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	carrier
释义	carriern.¹ Brit. /ˈkarɪə/, U.S. /ˈkɛriər/ Forms: Middle English cariere, Middle English carioure, Middle English caryare, Middle English caryour, Middle English–1500s cariour, Middle English–1600s carier, Middle English–1600s caryar, Middle English–1600s caryer, 1500s cariar, 1500s carryar, 1500s–1600s carriar, 1500s–1600s carryer, 1500s– carrier, 1900s– carr'yer (English regional); Scottish pre-1700 cairreyar, pre-1700 carear, pre-1700 careir, pre-1700 careyar, pre-1700 cariar, pre-1700 carier, pre-1700 cariour, pre-1700 cariowr, pre-1700 carriar, pre-1700 carriour, pre-1700 caryar, pre-1700 caryare, pre-1700 caryer, pre-1700 1700s– carrier. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly formed within English, by derivation; modelled on a French lexical item. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: carry v., -er suffix¹; French cariour. Etymology: Partly < carry v. + -er suffix¹, after Anglo-Norman cariour, carier (also chariour , charriour ) carter, transporter of goods (mid 14th cent.); and partly directly < Anglo-Norman cariour, carier (compare -our suffix, -er suffix²).Compare post-classical Latin carriarius (c1283 in a British source) and also carriator (from 13th cent. in British sources). Quot. a1395 at sense 1a could instead show the Anglo-Norman word, although the proximity of scorer n. suggests that the English word is intended. The surname Rogerus le Cariour (1332) probably reflects the Anglo-Norman word. I. A person or thing that carries something. 1. a. A person or company that transports goods, freight, parcels, etc., usually under a contract and for a fee. Also: a company, esp. an airline, which transports passengers. Sometimes: spec. = common carrier n. (see note). Also figurative.Under U.K. law a common carrier is one who undertakes to provide a public service; such a carrier must carry any people or goods (within certain restrictions) on regular routes; must charge a reasonable rate; and is liable for all loss or damage to goods in transit. Cf. common adj. 3a.See also air carrier n., canal carrier n. newspaper carrier n., river carrier n., etc. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > transport of goods in a vehicle > [noun] > conveyor of goods by vehicle carriera1395 common carrier1465 loader1476 conductora1533 procaccio1648 shipper1840 transport-rider1850 freighter1872 a1395 in Archaeologia (1832) 24 310 (MED) De cccxxiiij lodes meremii..Et sic deficiunt ij lod. xij ped. unde regula le scorer et le carier. 1439 Chancery Proc. Ser. C1 File 9 No. 124 (MED) William dyd send þe seid clothe before hym with Cariers vnto Oxenford. 1471 in J. T. Fowler Acts Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1875) 154 Rogeri Brounfeld de Ebor', caryour. 1583 G. Babington Very Fruitfull Expos. Commaundem. x. 512 Our senses, the common carriers of conceites into vs. 1592 R. Greene Thirde Pt. Conny-catching sig. B3 I haue..a Cheese from my Vncle..which I receiued of the Carrier. 1681 T. Frankland Ann. King James & King Charles I 469/2 The Kings Majesty did now..Command, that no common Carriers or other persons, do..travel with any Wagon, Cart, &c. whereon is, or shall be laid at once above two thousand weight. 1774 S. Johnson Let. 29 Jan. (1992) II. 123 If any thing is too bulky for the post, let me have it by the carrier. 1834 Gores' Directory & View Liverpool 79 Liverpool Union Company, Carriers per Leeds and Liverpool canal. 1945 Financial Times 6 Mar. (City ed.) 2/3 The right of carriers to land in a foreign country for refuelling, repairs or other services should be established as an international principle. 2000 Econ. Affairs 20 54/1 One week after the 1999 Budget, the diesel cost increase forced our carriers to increase the cost of transporting our goods to our customers. b. A nation or community which engages in worldwide commerce. Now historical. ΚΠ 1657 S. Lambe Seasonable Observ. 3 The Hollander..have been termed the Carryers of the World through their multitude of Shipping, sending them out to all Nations that have any Trade by Sea. 1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations II. iv. ii. 44 The Dutch were..the great carriers of Europe. 1861 G. J. Goschen Theory Foreign Exchanges ii. 18 The country which becomes the carrier for others, thereby establishes claims against them with which it can pay its importations from them. 2005 D. Webb tr. M. Prak Dutch Republic in Seventeenth Cent. iii. 47 This measure [sc. the Navigation Act of 1651] was enacted purely to thwart the Dutch, the most important middlemen and carriers in Europe. 2. a. A person who or thing which carries something, in various senses of carry v.; a bearer. Frequently with of. Also figurative.See also fetcher and carrier at fetcher n. 1a. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > transference > [noun] > conveying or transporting > action of carrying > one who carries bearereOE portera1382 carriera1398 beringa1500 portator?c1500 Christopher?1548 manuporter1688 toter1817 humper1961 the world > movement > transference > [noun] > conveying or transporting > conveying by a channel or medium > channel or medium of conveyance carriera1398 conduct1423 conveyance1548 conduita1569 conduit-pipe1581 convoy1599 conveyor1621 conveyancer1624 convoyance1682 conductor1796 efferent1876 society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance by carrying > [noun] > by a person > person who bearereOE portera1382 carriera1398 load-man1487 coal-heaver1654 light porter1772 toter1817 packer1871 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. v. lxi. 280 A veyne is beryere and cariere of blood. c1443 R. Pecock Reule of Crysten Religioun (1927) 123 (MED) An aungel..may so joyne hym silf to a body forto be of þe body oonly a mover and a carier fro place to place. 1571 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Psalmes of Dauid with Comm. (lxxiv. 16) The sonne as the cheef caryer thereof [i.e. of light]. 1576 T. Twyne Schoolemaster iii. iii. sig. L^v The spirits are the carriers of the powers and strength into althe parts. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 122 Winds..will drive The loaded Carriers from their Ev'ning Hive. View more context for this quotation 1716 in J. T. Wheeler Madras in Olden Time (1861) II. 230 Cooks, water bearers, coolies, Palankeen boys, roundel men (umbrella carriers). 1884 Spectator 12 July 913/1 Compulsion is used to obtain carriers for the dead. 1995 Appl. Linguistics 16 47 Do becomes the tense/agreement carrier rather than the main verb. 2001 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 18 Oct. 5 (advt.) Tiersten has deftly tracked the bourgeois housewives of fin-de-siècle France in their new roles as spenders, taste-setters, and overloaded carriers of cultural values. b. A vessel used to transport fish from a fishing ground to shore. Now rare.Recorded earliest as a modifier.See also fish-carrier n. (a) at fish n.¹ Compounds 2b. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > fishing vessel > [noun] > vessels which store, freeze, or transport fish well-boat1614 fish-pool1718 sack ship1732 well smack?1758 carrier1825 sale-boat1840 ice boat1846 plunger1860 runner1881 pound-boat1884 run boat1884 fish-carrier1886 smacka1891 shacker1902 Klondiker1926 factory trawler1928 1825 C. M. George National Waggon-post vii. 41 The proper system of fishing is to send out fleets of large craft, to remain on the fishing-ground for weeks together, and to have carrier smaller craft attached to them, to bring their produce home. 1883 R. F. Walsh On Improved Facilities Capture Sea Fishes 16 Many plans of steam carriers have been devised and proposed—some of them are novel, and some have been tried. Amongst the latter is the vessel with false hold or bottom, which allows the water to pass through with a view to bringing the fish alive to market. 1967 Commerc. Fisheries Rev. Aug. 53/2 Refrigerated carrier is being constructed...Upon completion in late September, the carrier will be placed in service on the West African run to haul trawl-caught fish back to Japan. 1987 Regional Compend. Fisheries Legislation (U.N. Food & Agric. Organization) I. 37 (table) Fishing vessel licence..under 15 m. $40..carrier and processor $100. c. (a) A container, holder, or other receptacle, esp. one designed to facilitate carrying something in the hands, or in a pocket, bag, etc.See also baby carrier n. (b) at baby n. and adj. Compounds 1g. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > [noun] receivera1398 resetc1400 receipta1425 receptaclec1425 repository1485 receptorya1500 pot1503 container?1504 hold1517 containing?1541 continent?1541 receptable1566 nest1589 conceptacle1611 keep1617 house1625 reception1646 inholder1660 conceptaculum1691 penholder1815 holder1833 carrier1855 compactum1907 1855 Blackburn Standard 11 Apr. Mahogany Hat-stand, with flat back and branches; neat carrier and receiver for umbrellas. 1904 Windsor Mag. Jan. 273/2 You can have breakfast, luncheon, tea, and dinner brought piping hot to your table in patent carrier trays. 1950 Morning Herald (Hagerstown, Maryland) 12 Oct. 19/6 (advt.) Amitone..$1.19 100 tablets—plus handy pocket carrier for 6 tablets. 1969 San Antonio (Texas) Express 16 Dec. 3 a/2 (advt.) The handsome set of two cut glass decanters comes in a leather carrier lined in green velvet. 2017 Associated Press Newswire (Nexis) 20 Apr. Metra only allows small pets in enclosed carriers, and the carriers must fit on a passenger's lap or under the seat. (b) A bag, typically of plastic or paper and with handles, supplied by a shop to carry goods purchased there; = carrier bag n. at Compounds 3. Frequently with preceding modifying word, indicating the material from which the carrier is made.Not commonly used in North America. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > bag > [noun] > carried in hand > paper or plastic, with handle carrier bag1907 carry bag1917 carriera1935 a1935 W. Holtby South Riding (1936) i. v. 58 Mothers with laden paper carriers and aching varicose veins. 1959 S. Delaney Taste of Honey i. i. 7 Pass me that bottle—it's in the carrier. 1989 R. Swindells Follow Shadow (1991) 67 Alvin had some sixpacks in a plastic carrier. 2007 Independent 14 Nov. 2/4 The shops refused to give out free plastic bags, charging 5p for a cornstarch bag, 10p for a paper or £1.50 for a cotton carrier. d. (a) A cylindrical container used to transport items (esp. letters, parcels, etc.) by pneumatic tube. ΘΚΠ society > communication > correspondence > postal services > equipment for sending or delivering mail > [noun] > pneumatic dispatch tube > case for enclosing letters carrier1872 1872 Minutes Proc. Inst. Civil Engineers 33 7 The carriers for the reception of telegrams, letters, or light parcels, consist of small cylinders made of gutta percha, papier-maché, or tin, closed at one end, and with a lid at the other. 1892 Pall Mall Gaz. 18 Aug. 1/3 The actual form on which the message was written is put into a little cloth box, called a carrier, and blown through a tube to the central telegraph office. 1995 Sci. Amer. June 20/3 Canisters, called carriers, that rocket through air-blown pipes can now be tracked along each leg of a journey with optical sensors that relay to a computer the whereabouts of a parcel. (b) A small, light capsule in which a message may be placed, designed to be attached to the leg of a carrier pigeon. ΘΚΠ society > communication > correspondence > postal services > equipment for sending or delivering mail > [noun] > capsule on pigeon carrier1918 1918 Washington Post 18 Aug. iii. 2/2 A fragment of shrapnel had ripped the metal carrier from the pigeon's leg and driven it into its breast. 1920 Blackwood's Mag. Dec. 762/1 He took a message form, wrote a few words on it, and taking a pigeon from the basket, fixed a carrier to its leg. 2017 @ThisDayinWWI 27 Dec. in twitter.com (accessed 4 May 2020) Dec 27 1917 Royal Engineers removing a message from the special carrier attached to the leg of a carrier pigeon, near Dickebusch. e. A rack, box, or other apparatus designed to be attached to a bicycle or motor vehicle, and used for carrying luggage, supporting panniers, etc. Also occasionally: a similar rack on which a passenger may be carried. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicle propelled by feet > [noun] > cycle > parts and equipment of cycles > other parts of cycles saddle1819 saddle pin1836 rest1855 pillion1878 Arab spring1880 carrier1885 coaster1895 bicycle basket1896 pacemaker1896 steering lock1897 headset1898 flapper-seat1916 stand1918 kick-stand1947 sissy bar1959 stabilizers1960 society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > motorcycle > [noun] > parts of carrier1911 pillion1911 stand1918 drivetrain1938 kick-stand1947 twist grip1954 sissy bar1959 peg1965 hardtail1971 tank bag1974 top box1976 cockpit1993 1885 Naturalist's World Jan. 6 A ‘carrier’ can be fixed on to the rod supporting the seat. 1911 C. S. Lake Motor Cyclist's Handbk. 253 Luggage Carrier and Stand. It is common practice to make the carrier of tubular material. 1912 Western Times (Exeter) 3 Sept. 6/6 A young motor cyclist..ran full tilt into a flock of sheep at the junction of two roads. He had a passenger on the carrier at the time and both riders sustained several cuts and bruises. 1923 Western Daily Press (Bristol) 30 Aug. 5/6 Lily Collins..was admitted to the Royal Infirmary suffering from concussion, caused through a fall from a pillion carrier of a motor cycle. 1995 Which? June 32/2 Sleek-looking cars without rain gutters have produced a new breed of roof carriers. 2020 mirror.co.uk (Nexis) 13 May Unlike most folding bikes, it comes fitted with mudguards, a kickstand and a rear carrier. 3. a. A person employed to carry baggage, equipment, supplies, or other loads; a porter. Now chiefly historical.See also luggage-carrier n., sack-carrier n., water carrier n. 1a, etc. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > other manual or industrial workers > [noun] > porter bearereOE bermanc1000 portera1382 carriera1460 crocheteur1579 off-bearer1856 a1460 Knyghthode & Bataile (Pembr. Cambr. 243) l. 1390 (MED) Herfore helmettis wight A fewe vppon the cariours were dight. ?c1510 tr. Newe Landes & People founde by Kynge of Portyngale sig. Eii^v Cariers tho that go with the olyphantes and cary our harneys and vitales. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. iii. 72/1 The Lator, or Porter, a Bearer or Carrier of Burthens on their Backs or Shoulders, and such are they that wait at Custom Houses, attend Merchants Cellars and Grocers Shops, to carry their Goods from place. 1885 Pall Mall Gaz. 25 Nov. His carriers, thirty Malays, are following. 1910 A. Williams Engin. Wonders of World 1 199/1 The whole of the material for the construction of the line..had to be brought overland for long distances either by native carriers or by bullock-wagon. 2004 Bath Chron. (Nexis) 14 Apr. 5 The chairs would have been positioned alongside sedan chairs, to be used by porters or carriers while they waited for orders to transport their masters or mistresses to..social engagements. b. A person (or animal) that carries or conveys a message or other communication. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > message > [noun] > messenger erendrakec825 bodec888 apostlec950 sand1038 sandesman1123 sanderbodec1200 bearer?c1225 errand-bearer?c1225 messenger?c1225 erindeberea1250 sand-manc1275 beadsman1377 herald1377 messagea1382 runnera1382 sendmana1400 interpreter1490 nuntius1534 post1535 pursuivant?1536 nuncius1573 nuncio1587 carrier1594 nunciate1596 mercury1597 chiaus1599 foreranger1612 postera1614 irisa1616 missivea1616 chouse1632 angela1637 caduceator1684 purpose messenger1702 errand-bringer1720 harkara1747 commissionaire1749 carrier pigeon1785 errander1803 errand-porter1818 tchaush1819 card carrier1845 errand-goer1864 choush1866 ghulam1882 1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus iv. iii. 86 What saies Iubiter I aske thee?..Why villaine art not thou the Carrier. a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) ii. ii. 131 This Puncke is one of Cupids Carriers . View more context for this quotation 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth V. 291 These birds are employed..as the most expeditious carriers. 1872 E. Millett Austral. Parsonage 81 They were always ready to act as messengers and carriers of letters or ‘paper-talk’, as such missives are styled by the natives. 2018 B. Kleinhans in K. Driscoll & E. Hoffmann What is Zoopoetics? 47 Pigeons/doves were used as carriers of messages for thousands of years. †c. Criminals' slang. Each of a number of people employed by a criminal gang to identify potential victims and communicate information about them to the gang. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1725 New Canting Dict. Carriers, a Sett of Rogues..employ'd to look out, and watch upon the Roads, at Inns, &c., in order to carry Information to their respective Gangs, of a booty in Prospect. d. A person employed to carry and deliver letters; a postman or postwoman. Now chiefly North American.See also letter carrier n., mail-carrier n., post-carrier n. ΘΚΠ society > communication > correspondence > postal services > person or vehicle that carries letters or mail > [noun] > person letter bearera1400 breveterc1440 post1507 letter carrier1552 post boy1588 ordinary1592 packet carrier1606 postie1611 woman-posta1616 postwoman1683 letterman1707 postman1758 packeteer1784 letter boy1794 carrier1798 delivery officer1839 post-girl1850 mailman1881 packeter1893 postlady1975 1798 Post-office Law 36 If the arrangement for conveying such mails require instant dispatch, then..put them at the same time into the bag, that the carrier may proceed. 1803 Morning Post 21 Sept. Letters sometimes were mis-sorted, and got into the hands of the wrong carriers. 1923 C. J. Dutton Shadow on Glass 170 The letter..had been picked up by a carrier who had the eastern section of the town for his route. 2010 Herald-Times (Bloomington, Indiana) 11 Dec. a6/4 We also have 80,000 ‘park and loop’ routes, where carriers will drive vehicles from the post office to neighborhoods and then deliver those holiday packages and cards by walking. 4. Originally: a pigeon used to carry messages (now chiefly historical). In later use also (frequently with distinguishing word): any of various breeds of pigeon developed for racing or for exhibition; a pigeon of such a breed. Cf. carrier pigeon n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Columbiformes (pigeons, etc.) > domestic pigeon > [noun] > carrier carrier1641 carrier pigeon1644 carrier bird1728 Antwerp1839 scandaroon1860 postman pigeon1901 1641 J. Wilkins Mercury xvi. 128 A smaller sort of Pigeon, of a light body, and swift Flight..called by the Name of Carriers. 1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Pigeon Many Sorts of Pigeons, such as Carriers,..Jacobins, Turbits, Helmets, [etc.]. 1839 New Sporting Mag. June 378 To the eye of any one, who has been solely accustomed to the English carrier, they [sc. Antwerps] possess but little recommendation. 1859 C. Darwin Origin of Species x. 335 Many varieties between the rock-pigeon and the carrier have become extinct. 1981 Isis 72 167 On one side, Columba livia; on the other, the myriad fantails, pouters, runts, toys, carriers, and tumblers. 2020 J. E. Dawson Farm Boy City Girl xiii. 220 Later I integrated English carriers. 5. a. A part of a mechanism or device which serves to carry, transfer, or hold another part or something which is being worked with.See also file-carrier n., lathe-carrier n., planet carrier n., shuttle-carrier n., etc. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine tool > lathe > [noun] > part holding work mandrel1664 chock1665 pike1680 centre plate1717 carrier1733 chuck1806 screw chuck1827 grip-knob1833 faceplate1837 surface chuck1842 jaw-chuck1874 turning-carrier1877 screw worm chuck1881 steady1885 roller steady1911 society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > parts which provide power > [noun] > transmitters carrier1733 pitman1813 driver1819 friction-cone1842 universal joint1856 cardan joint1868 reach rodc1871 Hooke coupling1883 friction-disc1888 impeller1890 transmission-gear1894 transmission1906 fluid flywheel1930 Hooke's joint1930 torque converter1934 fluid coupling1940 UJ1970 1733 J. Tull Horse-hoing Husbandry xxiii. 171 Its only Use is to hold the fore Hopper from turning upon the Spindle, being put thro' a Thing..like the Carrier of a Latch. 1829 Trans. Soc. Encouragem. Arts, Manuf., & Commerce 47 132 The variation proceeds from the driver, which acts only on one end of the carrier. 1889 Amer. Monthly Microsc. Jrnl. 10 265 A metal frame is used as a carrier for the dark-field stop. 1968 G. Boothroyd & H. E. Redford Mechanized Assembly ii. 8 An in-line assembly machine is one where the work carriers are transferred in line along a straight slideway. 2006 Radio (Nexis) 1 Dec. 94 The record/reproduce head was mounted on a carrier that moved in a straight line across the rotating disc. b. A device which holds a number of cartridges for insertion into the magazine of a firearm; = charger n.² 6b. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > parts and fittings of firearms > [noun] > bore > chamber > charger carrier1833 charger1902 1833 J. Wilson French & Eng. Dict. 932/1 Gargoussier, cartridge-carrier. 1854 Brit. Patent 424 7 A piston or slide to force the cartridge out of the carrier and into the barrel. 1901 Westm. Gaz. 21 Mar. 4/3 By means of the carrier the cartridges are dropped into the magazine receptacle and the empty carrier thrown away. 1999 Target Sports Dec. 78/1 As the lever is closed the breechbolt chambers the round and the carrier snaps back to its rest position where another cartridge is loaded onto it. 6. A drain, ditch, or channel, esp. for water or sewage. Cf. carriage n. 7. Now rare.In quot. 1771 in carrier drain in the same sense. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > channel for conveyance of water water leatOE water lade1224 leat1279 watergang1293 sow1316 trough1398 wissinga1400 lanec1420 waterway1431 water leasow1440 watercoursea1450 fleam1523 lead1541 cut1548 aqueducta1552 lake1559 strand1565 race1570 channel1581 watergauge1597 gout1598 server1610 carriage1669 runnel1669 aquage1706 shoot1707 tewel1725 run1761 penstock1763 hulve1764 way-gang1766 culvert1774 flume1784 shute1790 pentrough1793 raceway1793 water carriage1793 carrier1794 conductor1796 water carrier1827 penchute1875 chute1878 by-cut1883 1771 A. Young Farmer's Tour E. Eng. II. xi. 42 He..cut a great carrier drain 10 feet wide..into which smaller drains were cut.] 1794 W. Pitt Gen. View Agric. Stafford 36 Such water to be let out of the said main carrier at pleasure, by sluices constructed in different places in the sides thereof. 1800 Repertory Arts & Manuf. 3 253 The main gutters or carriers are constructed with some fall down the land. 1883 Pall Mall Gaz. 16 Oct. 4/2 This liquid..is lifted by a sludge pump into an underground carrier and deposited in earth tanks. 1971 P. J. O. Trist Surv. Agric. Suffolk iv. 69 Larger pipes are laid where the ditch is a ‘carrier’. †7. British regional. A small low detached cloud, thought to be a sign of imminent rain. Cf. water carrier n. 3c. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > [noun] > a cloud > small cloud > portending rain colt's tail1744 water wagon1815 water doga1825 sop1828 carrier1844 1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm I. 251 The ominous scud is the usual harbinger of the rain-cloud, and is therefore commonly called ‘messengers’, ‘carriers’ or ‘water-waggons’. 1884 R. Lawson Upton-on-Severn Words & Phrases 23 Messenger, a small detached cloud (cumulus) floating low, and supposed to betoken rain. Sometimes called a Carrier. 8. A company or organization which provides telecommunications services. ΚΠ 1875 Daily Evening Bull. (San Francisco) 7 Aug. If telegraph carriers are to be held responsible for the truth of what is transmitted over the wires, they might as well pull up their poles and go out of business. 1987 Financial Times (Nexis) 6 Apr. 2 The existing system for international telecommunications was based on multilateral agreements among telecoms carriers to build and operate undersea cables and space satellites. 1999 Star-Ledger (Newark, New Jersey) 22 Sept. 49/3 When a wireless carrier strays outside its own network to complete a phone call, it has to pay a roaming charge. 2018 Amer. Affairs Winter 97 The fine print on many mobile data contracts permits carriers to throttle your speeds..if the network is congested. 9. A company or organization which provides insurance. ΚΠ 1910 Bull. Bureau Labor (U.S. Dept. Commerce & Labor) No. 90. 722 A special national fund, from which the compensation is paid in cases of insolvency either of the employer or of the insurance carrier. 1976 Sci. Amer. Aug. 22/3 Malpractice insurance has become much more difficult to get in recent years; some 22 commercial carriers offered it five years ago. 1991 Jrnl. Risk & Insurance 58 559 Walter and Jane Blank demanded that their general liability carriers defend a nuisance action against them that resulted from the disposal of pesticides. 2010 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 3 Aug. b11/5 A claim can be brought when the damage occurs, at the time it becomes apparent or when the plaintiff seeks redress, as long as a carrier insured the company at one of those times. 10. A large warship which carries and serves as a base for aircraft, and from which they are able to take off and land; = aircraft carrier n.See also aeroplane carrier at aeroplane n. Compounds 1, air carrier n. (b) at air n.¹ Compounds 2, seaplane carrier n. at seaplane n. Compounds. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > war vessel > [noun] > aircraft carrier air carrier1915 aircraft carrier1917 carrier1919 bird farm1942 through-deck cruiser1969 1919 L. R. Freeman To Kiel in ‘Hercules’ 114 Aeroplanes launched from the ‘carrier’ Furious. 1958 New Statesman 28 June 822/2 Fighters and bombers operating from the fleet's three carriers. 2013 Daily Tel. 15 Nov. 23/3 The carrier's flight deck covers 4.5 acres, the equivalent of three football fields, and planes and helicopters can come and go in quick succession. II. In scientific uses. 11. a. Originally: a person, animal, plant, or thing that acts as a source of contagion or infection. In later use spec.: an individual persistently infected, often asymptomatically, with a disease-causing agent which may then be transmitted to others. Also as a modifier. Cf. vector n. 3a.Also as the second element in compounds with prefixed noun denoting the disease or agent carried, as in typhoid carrier (see the first element).See also carrier state n. at Compounds 3. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > production of disease > [noun] > person or population infecter1509 infector1580 carrier1593 vaccinifer1862 fecundator1883 infective1925 reservoir1939 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > production of disease > [noun] > person or population > carrier carrier1593 vector1922 1593 T. Legge et al. Let. 17 July (BL MS Landsdowne 75) f. 10 The most ordynary carriers and dispersers thereof [i. e. infection]. 1831 Lancet 19 Nov. 272/2 How many of the 420 may have been in contact with the animate or inanimate carriers of the contagion before the irruption! 1902 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 4 Jan. 56/1 In these ‘carrier’ cases..lies the real cause of the persistence and increase of diphtheria. 1909 W. Osler & T. McCrae Syst. Med. V. 818 Chronic Carriers.—In many cases the typhoid bacillus may be recovered from the gall-bladder years after an attack of typhoid fever. 1937 F. T. Heald Introd. Plant Pathol. xvi. 319 A virus may exist in a plant without causing any external evidence of its presence, and such symptomless ‘carriers’ may yield the virus to insects feeding upon them. 2020 @WoobieTuesday 2 Sept. in twitter.com (accessed 2 Sept. 2020) A bus passenger who'd just dined with friends didn't know she was a carrier. Days later 24 passengers were infected. b. Genetics. An individual who may pass an inherited trait or disease (or the gene responsible for it) to descendants, typically without manifesting signs of it. Also as a modifier.Used esp. with reference to individuals heterozygous for a recessive trait or gene.See also carrier state n. at Compounds 3. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > allele > dominant or recessive > carrier of recessive gene carrier1911 1911 Amer. Breeders Mag. 2 113 This family history indicates that brother and sister were carriers of a latent factor of left-handedness. 1970 Observer 12 Apr. 25/4 It's estimated that every human being is a carrier for about half a dozen lethal and perhaps a dozen crippling recessive genes. 2013 Wall St. Jrnl. 9 Nov. a13/3 These innovations expand on an existing service for prospective parents called carrier screening. 12. Physics. a. Originally: a body thought to be carrying electricity in the form of a fluid (cf. electric fluid n.). In later use: an electron, ion, molecule, or other entity carrying an electric charge. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > ion > [noun] > electrical property of particles > electron, atom, or group carrying carrier1801 1801 Encycl. Brit. Suppl. I. 577/2 The cork ball was the carrier of fluid from A to C if D was electric by redundancy. 1878 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 169 230 The molecules of the gas acting as carriers of electrification. 1901 E. Rutherford in London, Edinb. & Dublin Philos. Mag. 6th Ser. 2 221 The velocity of the negative carrier produced by ultra-violet light is about the same as that of an ion produced by x-rays;..it behaves at low pressures as if it were identical with the cathode-ray carrier. 1955 L. B. Loeb Kinetic Theory Gases ii. 185 Since carriers in gases are in constant contact with the ambient gas molecules, they partake of the random chaotic heat motions of the molecules. 1964 L. H. Van Vlack Elements Materials Sci. (ed. 2) v. 110 In ionic conductivity, the carriers may be either negative or positive ions. 2019 www.releasewire.com 31 July (accessed 2 Sept. 2020) Sodium ions are excellent carriers of charge, which make sodium-ion batteries an effective energy storage alternative to lithium-ion batteries. b. spec. Any of the mobile electrons or holes (hole n. 4f) by which electric charge passes through a semiconductor.majority carrier, minority carrier: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > solid state physics > semiconductivity > [noun] > carrier of charges carrier1939 majority carrier1951 minority carrier1951 1939 A. H. Wilson Semi-conductors & Metals iv. 47 Since the ‘holes’ behave in many ways like positive electrons, this question can be settled by measuring any quantity which depends on the first power of the charge of the carrier. 1987 E. H. J. Pallett Aircraft Electr. Syst. (ed. 3) iii. 53/2 When a voltage is applied..an exchange of electrons and positive current carriers (known as ‘holes’) takes place at the contact surfaces. 2009 Nature 26 Nov. 386/3 So far, successful control of the charge carriers' spin in such devices has been limited to low temperatures and to one type of carrier (electrons) only, thus limiting their technological potential. 13. a. A molecule or cell which physically transports a molecular substance, such as oxygen or (in immunology) a hapten. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [noun] > processes or substances affecting reactions carrier1844 the world > life > biology > substance > process stimulators or inhibitors > other stimulators or inhibitors > [noun] styptica1400 carrier1844 luciferase1888 luciferin1888 urease1892 peroxidase1899 protease1903 renin1903 phenolase1907 proteinase1907 phytase1908 lecithinase1910 uricase1910 phosphatase1912 prunase1912 phenoloxidase1913 oxytocin1927 phosphomonoesterase1932 androgen1936 phosphorylase1939 slow reacting substance1939 phospholipase1945 plasmin1945 bradykinin1949 nitroreductase1953 cytostatic1964 oncogen1967 autoinducer1968 1844 G. Bird Urinary Deposits ii. 45 Blood-discs, the reputed carriers of oxygen. 1885 A. N. Bell Climatol. & Min. Waters U.S. iii. 9 Other bodies..have been denominated ‘ozone-carriers’... These bodies are said to absorb ozone without combining with it, and to possess the property of yielding it up to other substances. 1959 Jrnl. Infectious Dis. 104 118/1 These antigenic variations may be due to..a single F antigen from all sources but with different carriers or attached substances which modify the antigenicity. 1990 C. P. Mangum in D. L. Gilbert et al. Squid as Exper. Animals xx. 443 The blood oxygen carrying capacity, in this case a simple function of concentration of the carrier molecule hemocyanin (Hc), is lower than in most fishes. 2010 J. M. Cruse & R. E. Lewis Atlas Immunol. (ed. 3) iii. 171/1 The immunization of rabbits or other animals with a hapten–carrier complex leads to the formation of antibodies specific for the hapten as well as the carrier. b. Chemistry and Biochemistry. A substance which facilitates the transfer of specific atoms from one molecule to another during a reaction, typically by forming an intermediate compound. ΚΠ 1866 H. Watts Dict. Chem. IV. 298 The same quantity of cobalt-peroxide..may be repeatedly used for the purpose, as it does not undergo any permanent change, but appears to act merely as a carrier of oxygen, first taking it from the hypochlorite. 1921 D. L. Hammick Org. Chem. 156 [The iron] probably acts as a halogen ‘carrier’, ferric bromide being first formed, and then ‘handing on’ bromine to the benzene molecules. 1986 M. B. V. Roberts Biology (ed. 4) vii. 103/1 Under the influence of a dehydrogenase enzyme, two hydrogen atoms are removed from the intermediate compound and taken up by a hydrogen carrier or acceptor, which is thereby reduced. 2008 R. Richie Revise AS & A2 Chem. iv. 133 An acyl chloride is used in the presence of a halogen carrier. c. Cell Biology and Physiology. A substance that facilitates the passage of another substance into or out of a cell or cellular organelle; (in later use) spec. a protein that forms part of a membrane and is involved in the transport of a specific substance through the membrane. Also as a modifier (cf. carrier protein n. (b) at Compounds 3). ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > movement > [noun] > of ions or protons > agent carrier1936 ionophore1967 1936 W. J. V. Osterhout in Bot. Rev. 2 293 One substance may affect the entrance of another by competing for the substance which acts as a carrier. 1949 Physiol. Rev. 29 129 A system which can react with the complex so as to set free the ion, either by changing the carrier chemically or by supplying another ion which can replace the transported ion in the ion-carrier complex. 1974 V. B. Mountcastle Med. Physiol. (ed. 13) II. xlvii. 1076/1 Phlorizin completely blocks glucose reabsorption, presumably by binding strongly to membrane carriers and preventing their attachment to glucose molecules. 2015 W. D. Stein & T. Lipman Channels, Carriers, & Pumps (ed. 2) iv. 165 In most cases a bewildering variety of carriers exist in the same cell membrane. 14. a. An insoluble substance, such as barytes, china clay, or gypsum, with which the colouring matter is combined in the preparation of certain pigments. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > bases > [noun] > an insoluble substance used as a base carrier1891 1891 T. E. Thorpe Dict. Appl. Chem. II. 398/1 The ‘carrier’ (usually starch, China-clay, or chalk) is mixed with the colour solution. 1915 J. C. Smith Manuf. Paint (ed. 2) 170 Many so-called lakes consist simply of a carrier..saturated with a soluble dye. 2001 P. Ball Bright Earth iii. 72 The water-soluble crimson dye is affixed to an inorganic, colourless ‘carrier’ powder, generating a relatively opaque solid material called a lake pigment. b. Any relatively inert material used as a base or bulk medium with which a smaller amount of an active substance (such as a catalyst, drug, pesticide, essential oil, etc.) is mixed to enable its processing, application, or analysis; esp. (a) a material with which small amounts of a radioactive substance are mixed to facilitate chemical reaction, physical manipulation, or therapeutic application; (b) an inert material, or one of known properties, used to convey samples of rare or volatile substances for analysis, esp. by chromatography or spectroscopy.See also carrier gas n., carrier oil n. at Compounds 3. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > [noun] > types by properties agent1624 analyser1661 pyrophorus1734 pyrophore1788 frigoric1812 diffusate1850 diffusant1867 cryogen1875 metachrome1876 carrier1902 getter1912 active1918 network former1947 network modifier1947 radiosensitizer1953 monophase1968 the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [noun] > processes or substances affecting reactions > catalysis > catalyst > supporting medium for support1898 carrier1902 1902 Jrnl. Soc. Chem. Industry 15 Mar. 309/1 The nature of the contact substance and its concentration, as also the nature of the material used as carrier, are matters of the greatest importance. 1923 Bull. Wisconsin Agric. Exper. Station 355 10 Dusts containing copper sulfate, gypsum, or some other inert carrier are more successful against the cucumber beetle than the active [nicotine] dusts. 1947 M. D. Kamen Radioactive Tracers in Biol. ii. 38 It is usual to add small quantities..of the element to be purified so that ordinary chemical manipulation is possible... Such material is called ‘carrier’. 1962 A. B. Whitehead & H. H. Heady Spectrographic Anal. Cerium by Carrier Distillation Technique (U.S. Bureau Mines, Rep. Investig. 6091) 1 Selective volatilization enhanced by the addition of a volatile compound as carrier provided a practical means of eliminating or reducing the intensity of the complex uranium spectrum. 1987 K. A. Rubinson Chem. Anal. vi. 197 A carrier is a substance that has a chemistry sufficiently similar to that of the analyte so that the analyte and carrier coprecipitate or the analyte ions adsorb on the carrier precipitate surface. 2018 A. K. Avci & Z. I. Önsan in I. Dinçer Comprehensive Energy Syst. ii. xvi. 497 The procedure of infusing a solid carrier with a precursor solution gives this technique its special character. 15. Telecommunications. More fully carrier signal, carrier wave. An electromagnetic wave or alternating electrical signal modulated in amplitude or frequency to convey sound, speech, information, etc. ΘΚΠ society > communication > telecommunication > [noun] > signal > frequency or band of frequencies > carrier carrier1911 suppressed carrier1921 subcarrier1953 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic phenomena > [noun] > waveform > types of waveform > radio waves carrier1911 ground wave1927 1911 Trans. Amer. Inst. Electr. Engineers 30 ii. 1666 The transmission of intelligible speech by means of a high frequency alternating current carrier, can also be accomplished on a simple telephone circuit consisting of wires. 1921 Electrician 15 Apr. 452/1 By the term ‘demodulation’ is meant the process of reproducing the original low frequency modulating wave from the carrier wave upon which it has been impressed. 1926 R. Bown et al. Some Stud. Radio Broadcast Transmission (Bell Telephone Lab.) 16 The tone was interrupted before modulation took place, and..the amplitude of the carrier signal is not affected. 1956 Spaceflight 1 27/2 A data input circuit..codes all information picked up by the satellite's instruments, and a modulator..superimposes the coded data on a carrier signal. 2000 P. Scherz Pract. Electronics for Inventors ix. 267 In radio circuits, high-frequency sinusoidal oscillators are used to generate carrier waves on which information can be encoded via modulation. 2013 IEEE Trans. Communications 61 3231/2 An unmodulated carrier drives a single antenna (or a phased array) with multiple reflectors and switches. Compounds C1. With adverbs, forming compound agent nouns corresponding to phrasal verbs at carry v., as in carrier away, carrier on, carrier out, etc. (see carry v. Phrasal verbs). ΚΠ 1547 S. Gardiner Let. 14 Oct. (1933) 391/1 Many proclamations wer devised against the caryers out of corne. 1561 T. Hoby tr. B. Castiglione Courtyer ii. sig. N.iii^v No carier about of trifling newes. c1661 Argyle's Last Will in Harl. Misc. (1746) VIII. 30/2 A most indefatigable Carrier on of his Designs. 1745 J. Swift Direct. to Servants x. 68 Those Ladies, who..keep an odious Implement, sometimes in the Bed-chamber itself..which they make Use of to ease their worst Necessities; and, you [sc. the House-Maids] are the usual Carriers away of the Pan. 1884 in Law Times Rep. 8 Mar. 45/2 The carriers on of the business. 1956 N. Algren Walk on Wild Side (1992) i. 24 In his middle age a florist both by vocation and avocation, a carrier-off of prizes in flower shows. 2001 Mod. Fiction Stud. 47 688 Calvin is Mischa's ‘other half’ in the sense that he is the malevolent carrier-out of much of Mischa's power-play. C2. As a modifier, designating the properties, uses, and other features of carrier waves and signals (cf. sense 15), as carrier frequency, carrier voltage, etc. ΚΠ 1915 Electrician 10 Dec. 358/1 With such a loaded cable and adopting a carrier frequency, the duplex balance would be a comparatively easy matter. 1923 Proc. IRE 11 41 The use of single side-band transmission has probably progressed farthest in connection with carrier telephony over wires. 1936 R. S. Glasgow Princ. Radio Engin. xiii. 394 To vary the sensitivity of the tubes so as to maintain essentially constant carrier voltage across the detector. 1970 Single Sideband for Radio Amateur (ed. 5) iii. 85/1 The diode ring-type balanced modulator, Fig. 2, provides approximately 35 db. of carrier suppression as measured with an r.f. probe. 2006 IEEE Trans. Industr. Electronics 53 187/1 A high-frequency carrier voltage is superimposed on a motor main terminal voltage. 2010 L. E. Frenzel Electronics Explained vii. 159 The carrier frequency remains constant during amplitude modulation. C3. carrier bag n. a bag, typically of plastic or paper and with handles, supplied by a shop to carry goods purchased there; cf. sense 2c(b).Not commonly used in North America. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > bag > [noun] > carried in hand > paper or plastic, with handle carrier bag1907 carry bag1917 carriera1935 1907 Yesterday's Shopping (1969) 339/3 The ‘Sensible’ carrier bag. With strings. It is the only paper Bag with a firm bottom, and capable of carrying wet fruit, pastry &c., without..bursting the bag. 1956 Times 7 Aug. 6/7 Most of the new arrivals stepped out of the train with nothing more than one small suitcase or a paper carrier-bag. 2005 Country Living Apr. 104/1 Some 150 million plastic carrier bags are used in Britain every week. carrier-based adj. (of an aircraft) operating or deploying from an aircraft carrier (cf. carrier-borne adj.); (of an attack) launched from an aircraft carrier. ΘΚΠ society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > [adjective] > operating from aircraft carrier carrier-borne1927 carrier-based1928 1928 S.A.E. Trans. (Soc. Automotive Engineers) 23 ii. 508/1 The torpedo-bombers for this offensive work must also be carrier-based landplanes equipped with arresting gear and emergency flotation-gear. 1968 New Scientist 1 Feb. 230/1 United States bases in the Pacific were warned to expect a carrier-based air strike..some days before the attack upon Pearl Harbour. 2015 Y. Miwa Japan's Econ. Planning & Mobilization in Wartime, 1930s–40s viii. 357 Few of the most advanced carrier-based fighters and land-based attack aircraft were ready to deploy. carrier bird n. chiefly poetic (a) a bird used to carry messages, esp. a carrier pigeon; †(b) a pelican (see quot. 1801) (obsolete rare). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Pelecaniformes > [noun] > member of family Pelecanidae (pelican) onocrotalusc1384 pelicana1398 shoveller1552 alcatras1555 onocrotal1609 carrier bird1728 the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Columbiformes (pigeons, etc.) > domestic pigeon > [noun] > carrier carrier1641 carrier pigeon1644 carrier bird1728 Antwerp1839 scandaroon1860 postman pigeon1901 1728 N. Zinzano Paradice Regain'd 53 My Carrier Birds with the like Swiftness move. 1801 R. Southey Thalaba I. v. 261 And journeying onward, blest the Carrier Bird. 1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam xxv. 42 But this it was that made me move As light as carrier-birds in air. View more context for this quotation 2016 @Ambreen427 14 Aug. in twitter.com (accessed 4 Sept. 2020) I will contact you via text, call, facetime, facebook, twitter, skype, instagram, kik, fax, or carrier bird until I get my point across. carrier block n. a movable piece within a firearm by which a cartridge is conveyed from the magazine to the chamber, and then ejected (cf. sense 5b). ΚΠ 1860 U.S. Patent 30,446 1/2 Z shows the construction or form of the top of the carrier-block by which, in raising, it is made to strike the cartridge. 1993 T. Henshaw Hist. Winchester Firearms (ed. 6) 49 A movable cartridge guide was placed on the right side of the carrier block to prevent the escape of the shell when the gun was turned sideways in the act of loading. 2004 J. H. Willbanks Machine Guns ii. 39 An overhead hopper magazine carried as many columns of cartridges as barrels and delivered them into a carrier block operated by a hand lever. carrier-borne adj. (of an aircraft) operating or deploying from an aircraft carrier; cf. carrier-based adj. ΘΚΠ society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > [adjective] > operating from aircraft carrier carrier-borne1927 carrier-based1928 1927 Jrnl. Royal United Service Inst. Feb. 346 The defence of distant focal points and narrow waters (such as island groups) may also be effected with carrier-borne aircraft. 2014 E. Southby-Tailyour Exocet Falklands 271 The British, hampered by a lack of early-warning aircraft and suitable long-range, carrier-borne jets, had to fall back on imprecise, old fashioned, reactive methods of defence. carrier current n. Telecommunications an alternating current on which a signal is superimposed for transmission by means of an electrical conductor. ΚΠ 1915 Trans. Amer. Inst. Electr. Engineers 34 ii. 2109 A carrier current modulated in amplitude in accordance with the variations in a telephone current, is however, not a single frequency system at all. 1922 Encycl. Brit. XXXII. 712/2 The appurtenances specially developed for accomplishing this selection [of frequencies] in carrier current telephony are known as ‘band-pass electrical filters’. 1967 M. F. Buchan Electr. Supply x. 296 As the two ends of the system may be some distance apart, an information link is required, and this may be a pilot cable, a radio link, or carrier currents superimposed on the system itself. 2001 J. Walker Rebels on Air xi. 227 He also turned to radio, getting involved with the prison's carrier-current station and, after his release, with WRFG in Atlanta. carrier-free adj. (of a radioactive isotope or its application) not requiring or involving the use of a carrier (cf. sense 14b(a)). ΚΠ 1944 Amer. Jrnl. Physiol. 140 671 It was decided to use a carrier since the uptake of carrier-free iodine by the thyroid varies with the level of inorganic iodine in the blood at the time of injection. 1953 A. F. Rupp in J. R. Bradford Radioisotopes ix. 183 Carrier-free separation of radioisotopes by adsorption of radiocolloids. 2020 Carbohydrate Polymers 250 3/1 The positron source was prepared by evaporating carrier-free ²²NaCl (in aqueous solution). carrier gas n. a gas mixed with a volatile material so that it can be made to flow through an apparatus, e.g. as an inert vector in chromatographic analysis (cf. sense 14b(b)) or in carburization and other industrial processes. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > named gases > [noun] > types permanent gas1800 carrier gas1887 flue-gas1898 1887 U.S. Patent 375,054 1/1 It is of course well known that in using carbureted air or gas for illumination the quantity of the carrier-gas required will vary according as it is more or less perfectly carbureted. 1940 Nature 27 July 129/1 The vapour of the iodides at low pressure..and diluted with a carrier gas..was passed through a tube. 1999 Materials World July 410/1 Liquid source materials such as these can be conveniently carried into the reaction chamber, by bubbling a carrier gas such as hydrogen through them to provide a controlled flow of material with a given concentration. 2013 M. G. Carlin & J. R. Dean Forensic Applic. Gas Chromatography (e-book ed.) iv The most commonly used carrier gases are nitrogen, helium and hydrogen. carrier oil n. an oil used to dissolve or dilute an oil-soluble essence or other substance, esp. for therapeutic application. ΚΠ 1915 J. Rosen U.S. Patent 1,162,654 1/2 When this carrier oil strikes the heated material, explosions occur, agitating the rather thick mass, decomposing the oil so that it volatilizes and serves as a carrier for the volatile product of the mass. 1977 R. B. Tisserand Art of Aromatherapy x. 160 When mixing an oil for external use there are two basic ingredients: essential oil and vegetable oil (known, in this context, as a ‘carrier oil’). 1989 Mother Nov. 19/1 For massage purposes pure oils should be diluted in a ‘carrier’ oil. 2006 Ecologist Feb. 32/2 Household paints contain carrier oils, dispersion agents, viscosity adjusters, thickeners, surface tension adjusters, plasticisers and preservatives and many contain synthetic colours. carrier pin n. a metal pin by which part of a mechanism (in some cases, a part called a carrier) is fastened or supported, or on which it pivots. ΚΠ 1866 Merchants' Mag. Nov. 341 The lever is pulled down, which..makes the carrier pin and block slide back, ejecting the exploded shell and enabling the fresh cartridges to pass over the breech pin. 1881 F. J. Britten Watch & Clockmakers' Handbk. (ed. 4) 139 Holes..to receive the carrier pin. 1917 Handbk. Colt Automatic Machine Gun, Caliber .30 (U.S. Ordnance Dept.) 26 The cartridges are carried in front of the slide from the magazine by the carrier, which is pivoted to the frame by the carrier pin. 1998 T. Retsch in Encycl. Occup. Health & Safety (Internat. Labour Office) (ed. 4) III. 82.28/2 A loose carrier pin in a clutch may cause the lathe spindle to start rotating while the operator is adjusting a workpiece in the chuck. carrier protein n. Biochemistry (a) a protein that binds a non-protein functional group or hapten; (b) a protein that is involved in the transport of a specific substance through a membrane; cf. sense 13c. ΚΠ 1936 Ann. Rev. Biochem. 5 8 The inability of the synthetic flavinphosphate to combine with the carrier protein of the yellow pigment. 1962 Amer. Zoologist 2 50/2 (caption) In the condition of rest the transmitter molecule is bound to a carrier protein. The latter is probably part of a synaptic vesicle. 1999 P. A. Frey & D. B. Northrop Enzymatic Mechanisms 131 The biotin carboxyl carrier protein contains biotin covalently attached to a lysine residue. 2017 G. J. Tortora & B. Derrickson Princ. Anat. & Physiol. (ed. 15) iii. 70/1 Energy is required for carrier proteins to move solutes across the membrane against a concentration gradient. carrier rocket n. a rocket which carries a payload (typically another rocket, a satellite, or a weapon).In late nineteenth-century quots. referring to pyrotechnic rockets for carrying marine life-saving equipment. ΚΠ 1886 Portland (Maine) Daily Press 1 Nov. 4/3 The American Carrier Rocket Company..for the manufacture of powerful rockets with carrying capacity, designed among other things to throw life saving lines to vessels. 1896 Boston Sunday Globe 8 Nov. 2/1 One of his [sc. Patrick Cunningham's] earlier inventions was a carrier rocket, which was designed for use in cases of shipwreck. 1946 Antioch Rev. 6 487 The atom bomb and its carrier rocket which can't be stopped from coming over by interceptor-radar methods. 1959 Listener 18 June 1057/1 The carrier rocket of the Russian sputnik. 2005 D. M. Harland Story Space Station Mir ii. 62 The only difference in the carrier rocket was the omission of the escape system—in an accident the spacecraft was expendable. carrier shell n. any of the tropical marine gastropod molluscs of the genus Xenophora or family Xenophoridae, many of which cement foreign objects, such as fragments of stone, coral, or other shells, to the edges of their own shells as a means of protection and camouflage; the shell of such a mollusc. ΚΠ 1786 Catal. Portland Mus. (Skinner & Co.) 11 A pair of Trochus onustus, or Carrier shell. 1840 Penny Cycl. XVIII. 109/2 Phorus, De Montfort's name for the trochoid form which is loaded with pebbles, shells, &c. (Trochus agglutinans of authors..), generally known to collectors by the name of Carrier Shells. 1909 E. R. Chudleigh Diary 26 Nov. (1950) 449 It is called the Carrier Shell... It protects its own shell by sticking small flat shells on its back like slates. 2005 P. D. Taylor & D. N. Lewis Fossil Invertebr. iii. 79 Carrier shells deliberately cement foreign objects to the outer edges of their shells. carrier state n. Medicine the condition of being a carrier of a specific disease, pathogen, or gene (cf. sense 11). ΚΠ 1910 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 26 Nov. 1719/2 The carrier state was not intermittent; an agglutination was produced in the blood by the presence of the micro-organism in the intestine. 1944 J. V. Neel & W. N. Valentine in Arch. Internal Med. 74 196/2 It is suggested, on the basis of the pathologic and genetic evidence, that the full-blown disease be designated ‘thalassemia major’ and the milder carrier state ‘thalassemia minor’. 2011 Medicine 39 559/1 Both gallstones and the chronic typhoid carrier state are epidemiologically linked with gallbladder cancer. † carrier trochus n. Obsolete a carrier shell, spec. one (formerly) assigned to the genus Trochus (see trochus n. 3a). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Gastropoda > [noun] > superorder Branchifera > order Prosobranchiata > section Holostomata > family Littorinidae > member of genus Phorus carrier trochus1775 mineralogist1851 mason-shell1884 1775 S. Paterson Museum Bakerianum 13 A carrier trochus, 2 harps, 2 ribbands, 2 tygers, 2 snails 2 green wilks and 2 joppa wilks. 1834 C. M. Yonge Let. 4 July in C. R. Coleridge C. M. Yonge iv. 123 I send you a carrier Trochus and Charles a waved whelk. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022). Carriern.²adj. Brit. /ˈkarɪə/, U.S. /ˈkɛriər/ Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: carrier n.¹ Etymology: Specific use of carrier n.¹, after Sekani ʔəɣele , literally ‘someone who carries something around on the back’’, so called on account of the tradition for a widow to carry her husband's ashes in a bag for a period of time (compare quot. 1906 at sense A. 1).The name is likely to have been transmitted via French Porteur, literally ‘carrier’ (although this is first attested later in this sense: mid 19th cent. or earlier) or its Michif equivalent. The self-designation in the Carrier language is Dakelh (see Takulli n.). Sekani is the Athabaskan language of a neighbouring people. A. n.² 1. A member of an indigenous people inhabiting central British Columbia, and belonging to the Northern Athabaskan or Dene peoples. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > North American peoples > peoples of British Columbia, Alberta, and Alaska > [noun] Slave1789 beaver1801 Carrier1801 Musqueam1808 Nootkian1811 Okanagan1814 Takulli1820 Dogrib1823 Nanaimo1827 Loucheux1828 Bella Coola1834 Nootkan1835 Chilkat1836 Nootka1846 Squamish1846 Siwash1847 Kwakiutl1848 Nitinaht1848 Sitkan1848 Sitka1853 Makah1855 Stick Indian1857 Songhees1860 Stoney1861 Mattole1864 Tlingit1865 Nisga'a1874 Hoochinoo1878 Nimpkish1885 Tsimshian1888 Gitksan1889 Nuxalk1910 Snohomish1910 Nuu-chah-nulth1983 Ditidaht1988 'Namgis1994 1801 A. Mackenzie Voy. from Montreal ii. vii. 284 I found no difference in their language from that of the Nagailas or Carriers. 1846 J. Scouler in Edinb. New Philos. Jrnl. 41 170 To the west of the Rocky Mountains, the Athabascans, under the names of Tacullies or Carriers, occupy the country called New Caledonia. 1906 A. G. Morice Hist. N. Interior Brit. Columbia 6 Among the Carriers, the widow of a deceased warrior used to pick up from among the ashes of the funeral pyre the few charred bones..and carry them on her back in a leathern satchel—hence the name of the tribe—until the co-clansmen had amassed a sufficient quantity of eatables and dress skins to be publicly distributed..in the course of an ostentatious ceremony called ‘potlatch’. 1986 Canad. Indian (Dept. Indian & Northern Affairs) (1990) 28/1 Occupying the headwaters of the Chilcotin River and the Anahim Lake district were the Chilcotin, a tribe belonging to the Athapaskan language family. To their north were the Carrier, who belonged to the same language family. 2. The language of the Carrier people, belonging to the central British Columbia branch of the Northern Athabaskan languages. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > North American > [noun] > Na-Dene > Athabaskan > Athabaskan languages Carrier1873 Dogrib1887 beaver1916 Sarcee1919 Mattole1930 Hupa1936 Mescalero1936 1873 J. Bonwick Treasury of Langs. 257 Takulli, Tahkali,..also called Carrier, Nagail, and Chin. It is the Athabaskan of New Caledonia, spoken on the upper part of Frazer's River. 1981 Handbk. N. Amer. Indians VI. 83/2 Both Carrier and Babine have lost vowel constriction without developing tone. 2014 Anthropol. Linguistics 56 340 Many stems denoting motion or manipulation..have lexicalized the animate vs. inanimate distinction (e.g., Carrier -tyi ‘handle an animate being’ and -tle ‘run [animate, uncontrolled]’. B. adj. Of, belonging to, or relating to the Carrier people or their language. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > North American peoples > peoples of British Columbia, Alberta, and Alaska > [adjective] Dogrib1766 Nootka1784 Nootkan1790 Dog-ribbed1791 beaver1801 Okanagan1814 Carrier1820 Sitka1822 Nanaimo1827 Loucheux1828 Nass1830 Tsimshian1836 Sitkan1851 Makah1855 Snohomish1856 Wakash1856 Songhees1860 Stoney1861 Nisga'a1874 Tlingit1881 Nimpkish1886 Wakashan1892 Musqueam1902 Gitksan1917 Squamish1928 'Namgis1966 Nuu-chah-nulth1978 Nuxalk1981 1820 D. Haskel Harmon's Jrnl. Voy. & Trav. N. Amer. 403 (heading) A specimen of the Tacully or Carrier tongue. 1890 J. G. Frazer Golden Bough I. iii. 239 Amongst the Takilis or Carrier Indians of North-West America. 1975 Citizen (Prince George, Brit. Columbia) 9 May 3 A class of 16 Indian men and women graduated as teachers of the Carrier language. 2013 Prince George (Brit. Columbia) Citizen (Nexis) 24 July (Final ed.) 3 The alternate name for Carrier peoples from the Central Interior region is Dakelh, which translates to ‘people who travel by water’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2021; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.¹a1395n.²adj.1801
随便看	par-roast par-yard para para cress para grass para nut para piassava para red para red toner para rubber para rubber tree para- para-aminobenzoic para-aminobenzoic acid para-aminosalicylic para-aminosalicylic acid para-anaesthesia para-aortic para-aortic body para-bomb para-cargo para-church para-commando para-cresotic acid para-ellagic

carriern.1

Compounds

Carriern.2adj.

carriern.¹

Carriern.²adj.