circumstantialadj.n.

/səːkəmˈstanʃəl/

Etymology: < Latin circumstantia + -al suffix¹. Compare French circonstanciel.

A. adj.

a. Of, relating to, or dependent on circumstances. circumstantial evidence: indirect evidence inferred from circumstances which afford a certain presumption, or appear explainable only on one hypothesis; so the lie circumstantial (Shakespeare): a contradiction given indirectly by circumstances or details.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > circumstance or circumstances > [adjective]

circumstant1583

circumstanceda1616

circumstantiala1616

circumstantionable1647

circumstantive1866

situational1867

situationist1926

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > [adjective] > supported by circumstances

presumptive1561

circumstantiala1616

moral1637

presumptuousa1639

circumstantiated1654

circumstanced1861

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > [noun] > evidence given, testimony > based on probability or circumstances

likelinessc1450

likelihood1541

presumption1592

circumstantial evidence1736

presumptive evidence1766

indirect evidence1824

a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) v. iv. 79 The counter-checke quarrelsome: and so to lye circumstantiall, and the lye direct… I durst go no further then the lye circumstantial.

1616 S. S. Honest Lawyer sig. I4^v In case of Murder, should we never iudge By circumstanciall likelihoods and presumptions, No life could be secure.

1672 Bp. J. Wilkins Of Princ. Nat. Relig. 203 Representing God as..provoked by every little circumstantial mistake.

1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. ii. vii. 272 To determine with Exactness the Weight of circumstantial Evidence.

1754 J. Edwards Careful Enq. Freedom of Will i. v. 30 There is a circumstantial Difference between the moral Agency of a Ruler and a Subject..arising from the Difference of Circumstances.

1841–8 F. Myers Catholic Thoughts II. iii. §6. 21 We find the words of our Lord..repeated by the different Evangelists with circumstantial variations.

1862 R. W. Emerson in H. D. Thoreau Excursions (1863) 31 Some circumstantial evidence is very strong, as when you find a trout in the milk.

b. esp. Of circumstances as opposed to essentials: Adventitious, accidental, incidental or unimportant.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > extrinsicality or externality > [adjective] > non-essential

accidental1387

casual1398

incident1523

accidentary?1549

accessarya1555

chanceablea1557

accessory1563

circumstant1583

advenient1594

adventive1605

adventitial1607

circumstantial1608

contingent1628

adventious1633

incidental1644

accessional1646

contingential1647

non-essential1647

extra-essential1667

attachable1798

dividuous1816

inessential1832

peripheral1902

1608 Dispute Question of Kneeling 48 What is accidentall, circumstantiall, and of a temporary use.

1631 W. Gouge Gods Three Arrowes v. §1. 410 Circumstantiall words, which are as bonds to knit word to word, it leaveth to be understood.

a1714 J. Sharp Serm. VII. x. (R.) We must therefore distinguish between..what enters the nature of the action, and what is merely circumstantial.

1870 J. R. Lowell My Study Windows 225 A principle of life is the first requirement of art; all else is circumstantial and secondary.

a. Full of circumstances, details or minutiæ, minutely detailed, particular.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > copiousness > [adjective] > minutely detailed

particularc1395

circumstantiala1616

detailed1871

a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) v. vi. 384 This fierce abridgement, Hath to it Circumstantiall branches.

1732 A. Pope True Narr. what passed in London in J. Swift et al. Misc.: 3rd Vol. 270 Rather as a Sketch, than a regular circumstantial History.

1780 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Painting (ed. 2) IV. i. 25 With the same circumstantial detail.

1790 W. Paley Horæ Paulinæ i. 6 Contemporary accounts equally circumstantial.

1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) I. ii. 182 We cannot suppose Cavendish to have invented so circumstantial a narrative.

b. Of persons: Particular as to details (in description or narration).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > copiousness > [adjective] > minutely detailed > of persons

circumstantial1716

1716 J. Addison Free-holder No. 42 We cannot be too minute and circumstantial in Accounts of this nature.

1741 H. Walpole Lett. to H. Mann 24 Dec. Tell me..if I am too circumstantial.

1841 G. Borrow Zincali I. 255 I have already been more circumstantial and particular than the case required.

1870 J. H. Burton Hist. Scotl. to 1688 VII. lxxii. 105 The circumstantial Baillie having accompanied the host.

3. Full of circumstance or pomp; ceremonial.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > pride > ostentation > ceremony or formality > [adjective] > full of or accompanied by ceremony or formality

solemnc1369

solemned1423

solenc1460

solemnel?1473

formal1596

set1606

ceremoniousa1616

circumstantial1710

full dress1776

1710 A. Pope Corr. 12 Oct. (1956) I. 98 He will be content to..leave all the Circumstantial Part & Pomp of Life to those, who [etc.].

1847 T. De Quincey Spanish Mil. Nun (1853) 65 Where..the marriage ceremony could be performed with more circumstantial splendour.

4. Of persons: ? Distinguished merely by the ‘pomp and circumstance’ of their position.

ΚΠ

1649 J. Milton Tenure of Kings 24 Petty caveats, and circumstances..ever stood upon most by circumstantial men.

1830 Fraser's Mag. 1 736 The moral man is nothing—the circumstantial man, or the man in power, every thing.

5. Pertaining to circumstances of material welfare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > possessions > [adjective] > relating to a persons collective property

circumstantial1809

the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > circumstance or circumstances > [adjective] > relating to circumstances of a person or in life

conditional1632

circumstantial1809

1702 S. Parker tr. Cicero Five Bks. De Finibus 342 Prosperous or Adverse Fortune, External or Circumstantial Good and Ill.]

1809–10 S. T. Coleridge Friend (1865) 148 Our political strength and circumstantial prosperity.

1817 S. T. Coleridge Blessed are ye that Sow 28 The wealth and circumstantial prosperity of the nation.

1858 J. G. Holland Titcomb's Lett. iv. 120 He has not so many attractions, personal or circumstantial, as others.

†6. Standing around, surrounding. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > surrounding > [adjective]

circumjacent1490

circumstant1545

circumvoisin1548

environing?a1560

encompassing1571

ambient1572

succingent1578

embracing1590

circling1594

girdling1598

circumdant1600

rounding1600

all round?1611

circumferent1620

circumsistent1625

circuiting1632

circulating1632

encircling1632

surrounding1637

begirting1645

circumambient1648

circumstantial1650

girding1658

skirtingc1735

entwining1737

circumadjacent1780

belting1808

engirdling1843

encyclic1850

engirding1852

zoning1853

roundaboutc1860

begirding1877

wraparound1957

1650 J. Bulwer Anthropometamorphosis 70 Not only in the Ball or Apple of the Eye, but of the circumstantial parts of the Eye-lids, Hairs, and Eye-brows.

B. n.

a. (plural) Circumstantial matters; particulars, details, attendant circumstances.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > circumstance or circumstances > [noun]

thingeOE

to-tagc12..

estrec1300

casec1325

aboutstanding1340

circumstancec1380

termsa1382

conditionc1384

befalla1492

weather1603

attendant1607

belonginga1616

circumstantial1647

incident1649

incidence1670

incidental1707

attitude1744

circs1883

the world > existence and causation > existence > extrinsicality or externality > [noun] > non-essentialness > non-essentials or external features

outwards1628

circumstantial1647

external1652

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > the quality of being specific > [noun] > quality of being specific or detailed > a detail or particular > details or particulars

particulars1559

severals1609

circumstantial1647

1647 J. Sprigge Anglia Rediviva iv. ix. 297 Any thing..wanting circumstantials, for the better performing of the things intended therein.

1751 S. Richardson Clarissa (ed. 3) III. lxii. 319 Clogged with too many circumstantials.

1877 D. Masson Life Milton (Globe ed.) 457 Perhaps he remembered the exact incident and its circumstantials with half a blush.

b. esp. Incidental or adventitious features, non-essentials.

ΚΠ

a1652 J. Smith Select Disc. (1660) vi. ii. 181 The Difference..seems rather to lie in Circumstantials than in any thing Essential.

1775 J. Harris Philos. Arrangem. ii. 27 Each of these possesses it's proper Attributes, and is at the same time encompassed with certain Circumstantials.

1788 J. Wesley Wks. (1872) VI. 263 Ye fools and blind! to fix your whole attention on the circumstantials of religion!

1843 G. Dodds Farewell Disc. We should then learn the difference between substantials and circumstantials.

†c. rarely singular.

ΚΠ

1646 G. Gillespie Malè Audis 26 Is the Sabbath onely a circumstantiall of time contra-distinct from matters of duty?

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

单词	circumstantial
释义	circumstantialadj.n. /səːkəmˈstanʃəl/ Etymology: < Latin circumstantia + -al suffix¹. Compare French circonstanciel. A. adj. 1. a. Of, relating to, or dependent on circumstances. circumstantial evidence: indirect evidence inferred from circumstances which afford a certain presumption, or appear explainable only on one hypothesis; so the lie circumstantial (Shakespeare): a contradiction given indirectly by circumstances or details. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > circumstance or circumstances > [adjective] circumstant1583 circumstanceda1616 circumstantiala1616 circumstantionable1647 circumstantive1866 situational1867 situationist1926 the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > [adjective] > supported by circumstances presumptive1561 circumstantiala1616 moral1637 presumptuousa1639 circumstantiated1654 circumstanced1861 the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > [noun] > evidence given, testimony > based on probability or circumstances likelinessc1450 likelihood1541 presumption1592 circumstantial evidence1736 presumptive evidence1766 indirect evidence1824 a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) v. iv. 79 The counter-checke quarrelsome: and so to lye circumstantiall, and the lye direct… I durst go no further then the lye circumstantial. 1616 S. S. Honest Lawyer sig. I4^v In case of Murder, should we never iudge By circumstanciall likelihoods and presumptions, No life could be secure. 1672 Bp. J. Wilkins Of Princ. Nat. Relig. 203 Representing God as..provoked by every little circumstantial mistake. 1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. ii. vii. 272 To determine with Exactness the Weight of circumstantial Evidence. 1754 J. Edwards Careful Enq. Freedom of Will i. v. 30 There is a circumstantial Difference between the moral Agency of a Ruler and a Subject..arising from the Difference of Circumstances. 1841–8 F. Myers Catholic Thoughts II. iii. §6. 21 We find the words of our Lord..repeated by the different Evangelists with circumstantial variations. 1862 R. W. Emerson in H. D. Thoreau Excursions (1863) 31 Some circumstantial evidence is very strong, as when you find a trout in the milk. b. esp. Of circumstances as opposed to essentials: Adventitious, accidental, incidental or unimportant. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > extrinsicality or externality > [adjective] > non-essential accidental1387 casual1398 incident1523 accidentary?1549 accessarya1555 chanceablea1557 accessory1563 circumstant1583 advenient1594 adventive1605 adventitial1607 circumstantial1608 contingent1628 adventious1633 incidental1644 accessional1646 contingential1647 non-essential1647 extra-essential1667 attachable1798 dividuous1816 inessential1832 peripheral1902 1608 Dispute Question of Kneeling 48 What is accidentall, circumstantiall, and of a temporary use. 1631 W. Gouge Gods Three Arrowes v. §1. 410 Circumstantiall words, which are as bonds to knit word to word, it leaveth to be understood. a1714 J. Sharp Serm. VII. x. (R.) We must therefore distinguish between..what enters the nature of the action, and what is merely circumstantial. 1870 J. R. Lowell My Study Windows 225 A principle of life is the first requirement of art; all else is circumstantial and secondary. 2. a. Full of circumstances, details or minutiæ, minutely detailed, particular. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > copiousness > [adjective] > minutely detailed particularc1395 circumstantiala1616 detailed1871 a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) v. vi. 384 This fierce abridgement, Hath to it Circumstantiall branches. View more context for this quotation 1732 A. Pope True Narr. what passed in London in J. Swift et al. Misc.: 3rd Vol. 270 Rather as a Sketch, than a regular circumstantial History. 1780 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Painting (ed. 2) IV. i. 25 With the same circumstantial detail. 1790 W. Paley Horæ Paulinæ i. 6 Contemporary accounts equally circumstantial. 1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) I. ii. 182 We cannot suppose Cavendish to have invented so circumstantial a narrative. b. Of persons: Particular as to details (in description or narration). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > copiousness > [adjective] > minutely detailed > of persons circumstantial1716 1716 J. Addison Free-holder No. 42 We cannot be too minute and circumstantial in Accounts of this nature. 1741 H. Walpole Lett. to H. Mann 24 Dec. Tell me..if I am too circumstantial. 1841 G. Borrow Zincali I. 255 I have already been more circumstantial and particular than the case required. 1870 J. H. Burton Hist. Scotl. to 1688 VII. lxxii. 105 The circumstantial Baillie having accompanied the host. 3. Full of circumstance or pomp; ceremonial. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pride > ostentation > ceremony or formality > [adjective] > full of or accompanied by ceremony or formality solemnc1369 solemned1423 solenc1460 solemnel?1473 formal1596 set1606 ceremoniousa1616 circumstantial1710 full dress1776 1710 A. Pope Corr. 12 Oct. (1956) I. 98 He will be content to..leave all the Circumstantial Part & Pomp of Life to those, who [etc.]. 1847 T. De Quincey Spanish Mil. Nun (1853) 65 Where..the marriage ceremony could be performed with more circumstantial splendour. 4. Of persons: ? Distinguished merely by the ‘pomp and circumstance’ of their position. ΚΠ 1649 J. Milton Tenure of Kings 24 Petty caveats, and circumstances..ever stood upon most by circumstantial men. 1830 Fraser's Mag. 1 736 The moral man is nothing—the circumstantial man, or the man in power, every thing. 5. Pertaining to circumstances of material welfare. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > possessions > [adjective] > relating to a persons collective property circumstantial1809 the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > circumstance or circumstances > [adjective] > relating to circumstances of a person or in life conditional1632 circumstantial1809 1702 S. Parker tr. Cicero Five Bks. De Finibus 342 Prosperous or Adverse Fortune, External or Circumstantial Good and Ill.] 1809–10 S. T. Coleridge Friend (1865) 148 Our political strength and circumstantial prosperity. 1817 S. T. Coleridge Blessed are ye that Sow 28 The wealth and circumstantial prosperity of the nation. 1858 J. G. Holland Titcomb's Lett. iv. 120 He has not so many attractions, personal or circumstantial, as others. †6. Standing around, surrounding. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > surrounding > [adjective] circumjacent1490 circumstant1545 circumvoisin1548 environing?a1560 encompassing1571 ambient1572 succingent1578 embracing1590 circling1594 girdling1598 circumdant1600 rounding1600 all round?1611 circumferent1620 circumsistent1625 circuiting1632 circulating1632 encircling1632 surrounding1637 begirting1645 circumambient1648 circumstantial1650 girding1658 skirtingc1735 entwining1737 circumadjacent1780 belting1808 engirdling1843 encyclic1850 engirding1852 zoning1853 roundaboutc1860 begirding1877 wraparound1957 1650 J. Bulwer Anthropometamorphosis 70 Not only in the Ball or Apple of the Eye, but of the circumstantial parts of the Eye-lids, Hairs, and Eye-brows. B. n. a. (plural) Circumstantial matters; particulars, details, attendant circumstances. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > circumstance or circumstances > [noun] thingeOE to-tagc12.. estrec1300 casec1325 aboutstanding1340 circumstancec1380 termsa1382 conditionc1384 befalla1492 weather1603 attendant1607 belonginga1616 circumstantial1647 incident1649 incidence1670 incidental1707 attitude1744 circs1883 the world > existence and causation > existence > extrinsicality or externality > [noun] > non-essentialness > non-essentials or external features outwards1628 circumstantial1647 external1652 the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > the quality of being specific > [noun] > quality of being specific or detailed > a detail or particular > details or particulars particulars1559 severals1609 circumstantial1647 1647 J. Sprigge Anglia Rediviva iv. ix. 297 Any thing..wanting circumstantials, for the better performing of the things intended therein. 1751 S. Richardson Clarissa (ed. 3) III. lxii. 319 Clogged with too many circumstantials. 1877 D. Masson Life Milton (Globe ed.) 457 Perhaps he remembered the exact incident and its circumstantials with half a blush. b. esp. Incidental or adventitious features, non-essentials. ΚΠ a1652 J. Smith Select Disc. (1660) vi. ii. 181 The Difference..seems rather to lie in Circumstantials than in any thing Essential. 1775 J. Harris Philos. Arrangem. ii. 27 Each of these possesses it's proper Attributes, and is at the same time encompassed with certain Circumstantials. 1788 J. Wesley Wks. (1872) VI. 263 Ye fools and blind! to fix your whole attention on the circumstantials of religion! 1843 G. Dodds Farewell Disc. We should then learn the difference between substantials and circumstantials. †c. rarely singular. ΚΠ 1646 G. Gillespie Malè Audis 26 Is the Sabbath onely a circumstantiall of time contra-distinct from matters of duty? This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < adj.n.1608
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