co-operationn.

/kəʊˌɒpəˈreɪʃən/

Etymology: < Latin cooperātiōn-em, noun of action from cooperārī to co-operate adj. Compare French coopération (16th cent. in Littré).

1. The action of co-operating, i.e. of working together towards the same end, purpose, or effect; joint operation.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > co-operation > [noun]

co-operation1495

concurrence1525

conspiring1561

concomitation1563

consort1590

concurring1594

concurrency1596

concurrent1605

communion1614

coadjutement1618

coaction1625

synergy1632

concourse1635

coadjuvancy1646

coactivity1659

co-operancya1670

synenergya1680

tandem1851

collaboration1860

coadjuvation1875

1495 Trevisa's Bartholomeus De Proprietatibus Rerum (de Worde) i. sig. Aiv/1 By þ^e cooperacyon of the holy ghost.

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum x. Introd. 242 Not Holpen by the Cooperation of Angels, or Spirits.

1628 E. Coke 1st Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. 61 As there may be an estate taile by custome with the co-operation of the Statute of W. 2. cap. 1.

1754 S. Johnson Adventurer No. 137. ⁋11 The business of life is carried on by a general co-operation.

1868 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) II. ix. 408 His temporary cooperation with Swegen.

1879 H. George Progress & Poverty x. iii. 471 Civilization is co-operation.

2. Political Economy. The combination of a number of persons, or of a community, for purposes of economic production or distribution, so as to save, for the benefit of the whole body of producers or customers, that which otherwise becomes the profit of the individual capitalist.For the history of the term see the quotations. As originally used by Owen the name contemplated the co-operation of the whole community for all economic purposes, i.e. communism. In practice, the principle has been carried out in production, when a body of workmen corporately own the capital by which their concern is carried on, and thus unite within themselves the interests of capital and labour, of employer and employed; and in distribution, when an association of purchasers contribute the capital of a store by which they are supplied with goods, and thus combine in themselves the interests of trader and customers. See co-operative adj. and n.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > business affairs > a business or company > [noun] > co-operative or collective

co-operation1817

co-operative society1821

combine1887

project1916

co-operative1921

collective1925

society > trade and finance > management of money > management of national resources > [noun] > political economy > an economic policy > specific policies and actions

protection1719

co-operation1817

tariff-reform1859

monetary union1866

border protection1875

rationalization1875

tariffication1892

tariffade1904

inflationism1919

NEP1923

war communism1928

voodoo economics1930

substantivism1931

sterilization1938

deficit spending1941

deficit financing1943

tax-and-spend1956

indexation1960

stop-go1964

incomes policy1965

scala mobile1965

quantitative easing1966

jawboning1969

Nixonomics1969

developmentalism1970

degrowth1971

inflation-proofing1973

NEB1973

dollarization1982

fiscal engineering1982

Rogernomics1985

1817 R. Owen Let. in London Newspaper 9 Aug. Advantages to be derived from the Arrangement of the Unemployed Working Classes into ‘Agricultural and Manufacturing Villages of Unity and Mutual Co-operation’.

1821 R. Owen Let. in Economist 3 Mar. Monastic institutions..nevertheless exhibit striking proofs of what is to be effected by the principle of Co-operation.

1821 R. Owen Let. in Holyoake Hist. Coop. I. 67 The Secret is out; it is unrestrained Co-operation on the part of all the members, for every purpose of social life.

1824 W. Thompson Inq. Princ. Distrib. Wealth vi Labor by co-operation opposed to labor by individual competition.

1832 H. Martineau Homes Abroad ix. 126 The colony must be so organized as to secure the due co-operation of labour and capital.

1844 M. Hennell Social Syst. (title) Outline of the various social systems and communities which have been founded on the principle of co-operation.

1863 Q. Rev. 114 418 Most of these thinkers had a glimpse, more or less clear, of the principle of co-operation..but unfortunately they were unable to distinguish this principle from that of community of goods.

1863 H. Fawcett Man. Polit. Econ. ii. x. 291 At Rochdale, many of the labourers who were employed were not shareholders, and hence a hostility of interests was at once created which it is the main purpose of cooperation to prevent.

1875 G. J. Holyoake Hist. Co-operation in Eng. I. 68 The term Cooperation was at first..and for several years afterwards, used in the sense of communism, as denoting a general arrangement of society for the mutual benefit of all concerned in sustaining it. Later, the term Co-operation came to be restricted to the humbler operations of buying and selling provisions.

1879 J. T. Rogers in Cassell's Techn. Educator IV. 180/1 The workman..uniting in a trade partnership with other workmen, with the distinct purpose of using his own capital as well as his own labour under such an association. The latter form is called co-operation.

Derivatives

co-opeˈrationist n. one who practises or advocates co-operation.

1831 T. L. Peacock Crotchet Castle v. 86 Next to him is Mr. Toogood, the co-operationist, who..wants to parcel out the world into squares like a chess-board, with a community on each, raising everything for one another.

1881 F. Hall in Nation (N.Y.) 33 182/2 Long and honourably distinguished for his labours and writings as a co-operationist.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online September 2019).

单词	co-operation
释义	co-operationn. /kəʊˌɒpəˈreɪʃən/ Etymology: < Latin cooperātiōn-em, noun of action from cooperārī to co-operate adj. Compare French coopération (16th cent. in Littré). 1. The action of co-operating, i.e. of working together towards the same end, purpose, or effect; joint operation. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > co-operation > [noun] co-operation1495 concurrence1525 conspiring1561 concomitation1563 consort1590 concurring1594 concurrency1596 concurrent1605 communion1614 coadjutement1618 coaction1625 synergy1632 concourse1635 coadjuvancy1646 coactivity1659 co-operancya1670 synenergya1680 tandem1851 collaboration1860 coadjuvation1875 1495 Trevisa's Bartholomeus De Proprietatibus Rerum (de Worde) i. sig. Aiv/1 By þ^e cooperacyon of the holy ghost. 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum x. Introd. 242 Not Holpen by the Cooperation of Angels, or Spirits. 1628 E. Coke 1st Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. 61 As there may be an estate taile by custome with the co-operation of the Statute of W. 2. cap. 1. 1754 S. Johnson Adventurer No. 137. ⁋11 The business of life is carried on by a general co-operation. 1868 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) II. ix. 408 His temporary cooperation with Swegen. 1879 H. George Progress & Poverty x. iii. 471 Civilization is co-operation. 2. Political Economy. The combination of a number of persons, or of a community, for purposes of economic production or distribution, so as to save, for the benefit of the whole body of producers or customers, that which otherwise becomes the profit of the individual capitalist.For the history of the term see the quotations. As originally used by Owen the name contemplated the co-operation of the whole community for all economic purposes, i.e. communism. In practice, the principle has been carried out in production, when a body of workmen corporately own the capital by which their concern is carried on, and thus unite within themselves the interests of capital and labour, of employer and employed; and in distribution, when an association of purchasers contribute the capital of a store by which they are supplied with goods, and thus combine in themselves the interests of trader and customers. See co-operative adj. and n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > business affairs > a business or company > [noun] > co-operative or collective co-operation1817 co-operative society1821 combine1887 project1916 co-operative1921 collective1925 society > trade and finance > management of money > management of national resources > [noun] > political economy > an economic policy > specific policies and actions protection1719 co-operation1817 tariff-reform1859 monetary union1866 border protection1875 rationalization1875 tariffication1892 tariffade1904 inflationism1919 NEP1923 war communism1928 voodoo economics1930 substantivism1931 sterilization1938 deficit spending1941 deficit financing1943 tax-and-spend1956 indexation1960 stop-go1964 incomes policy1965 scala mobile1965 quantitative easing1966 jawboning1969 Nixonomics1969 developmentalism1970 degrowth1971 inflation-proofing1973 NEB1973 dollarization1982 fiscal engineering1982 Rogernomics1985 1817 R. Owen Let. in London Newspaper 9 Aug. Advantages to be derived from the Arrangement of the Unemployed Working Classes into ‘Agricultural and Manufacturing Villages of Unity and Mutual Co-operation’. 1821 R. Owen Let. in Economist 3 Mar. Monastic institutions..nevertheless exhibit striking proofs of what is to be effected by the principle of Co-operation. 1821 R. Owen Let. in Holyoake Hist. Coop. I. 67 The Secret is out; it is unrestrained Co-operation on the part of all the members, for every purpose of social life. 1824 W. Thompson Inq. Princ. Distrib. Wealth vi Labor by co-operation opposed to labor by individual competition. 1832 H. Martineau Homes Abroad ix. 126 The colony must be so organized as to secure the due co-operation of labour and capital. 1844 M. Hennell Social Syst. (title) Outline of the various social systems and communities which have been founded on the principle of co-operation. 1863 Q. Rev. 114 418 Most of these thinkers had a glimpse, more or less clear, of the principle of co-operation..but unfortunately they were unable to distinguish this principle from that of community of goods. 1863 H. Fawcett Man. Polit. Econ. ii. x. 291 At Rochdale, many of the labourers who were employed were not shareholders, and hence a hostility of interests was at once created which it is the main purpose of cooperation to prevent. 1875 G. J. Holyoake Hist. Co-operation in Eng. I. 68 The term Cooperation was at first..and for several years afterwards, used in the sense of communism, as denoting a general arrangement of society for the mutual benefit of all concerned in sustaining it. Later, the term Co-operation came to be restricted to the humbler operations of buying and selling provisions. 1879 J. T. Rogers in Cassell's Techn. Educator IV. 180/1 The workman..uniting in a trade partnership with other workmen, with the distinct purpose of using his own capital as well as his own labour under such an association. The latter form is called co-operation. Derivatives co-opeˈrationist n. one who practises or advocates co-operation. Π 1831 T. L. Peacock Crotchet Castle v. 86 Next to him is Mr. Toogood, the co-operationist, who..wants to parcel out the world into squares like a chess-board, with a community on each, raising everything for one another. 1881 F. Hall in Nation (N.Y.) 33 182/2 Long and honourably distinguished for his labours and writings as a co-operationist. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online September 2019). < n.1495
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