coomn.¹

/kuːm/

Forms: 1500s–1600s coame, 1600s coome, come, koom, comb, 1700s coomb, 1600s– coom.

Etymology: In senses 1, 2 apparently another form of culm n.¹, pointing to a Middle English colm , whence also Middle English colmy adjective, sooty, grimy, bicolmen verb = bicollen to begrime with soot. In Scots and north English, ul may become ū , as in bulk , Scots bouk /buːk/, Bulmer in Northumberland, locally Boomer ; compare also shoulder , coulter , Scots shooder , cooter . But the form coame in sense 1 may correspond to Old Norse kám ‘grime, film of dirt’; and sense 3 may be related to German kahm , mould, ‘the white film on fermented liquids’; compare kemb v. (For coom from West Germanic kâma- , Old Germanic kæ̂mo-z , compare broom n., moon n.¹) The relationship of sense 4 is quite uncertain. Thus there are here possibly two or even three words.

a. Soot, esp. that which forms about a fireplace, or settles as smuts from a smoky atmosphere. Now Scottish or English regional (northern).

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > dirt > [noun] > grime, soot, or coal dirt

sootc725

smitchc1330

culmc1440

coom1587

coal slack1612

grime1612

crock1657

fuliginosity1662

collow1675

smut1693

colly1708

smutch1791

brook1825

stokers1899

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > products of burning > [noun] > soot

sootc725

fuligo?a1425

soodc1430

culmc1440

coom1587

fuliginosity1662

collow1675

smut1693

colly1708

1587 L. Mascall Bk. Cattell: Horses (1627) 126 The coame aboue the Smithes forge.

1610 G. Markham Maister-peece ii. xxxvi. 273 The coame about the Smithes forge.

1691 J. Ray Coll. Eng. Words (ed. 2) 137 Smidy, a Smiths Shop, whence Smidy-koom. Var. Dial.

1696 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Coome, the Soot that gathereth over an Ovens Mouth.

1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. (at cited word) If coom hang from the bars of a grate like shreds of silk, it is viewed by the superstitious as foretokening the arrival of strangers.

b. figurative.

ΚΠ

1823 J. Galt Entail III. xxvii. 251 How ye'll clear your character o' the coom ye hae brought on't.

1826 J. Wilson Noctes Ambrosianae xxvi, in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. June 740 The thin black wavering coom o' annihilation and oblivion.

2. Coal dust or refuse, small coal, slack: cf. culm n.¹smithy-coom: see smithy n. Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > coal or types of coal > [noun] > small, refuse, impure, or coal-dust

slackc1440

smith coal1466

smithy coal1482

coal dusta1529

panwood1531

smith's coal1578

kirving1599

culm1603

coom1611

small coal1643

smit1670

smut1686

slag1695

duff1724

duff coal1724

small1780

gum1790

stinking coal1803

cobbles1811

nubbling1825

stinkers1841

rubble1844

pea1855

nuts1857

nut coal1861

slap1865

burgee1867

smudge1883

waste1883

treble1901

coal smut1910

gumming1938

nutty slack1953

1611 in J. Barmby Churchwardens' Accts. Pittington (1888) 161 Paide for beringe sand and smethie come to the same lyme, xijd.

a1650 G. Boate Irelands Nat. Hist. (1652) xx. 158 Upon this they lay a lay of..a certain sort of Sea-coal, the which being wonderful small, and peculiarly called Comb, is hardly used for any other purpose [than burning lime].

1755–73 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Coom..is used in Scotland for the useless dust which falls from large coals.

1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. Coom, small coal.

1879 W. Dickinson Gloss. Words & Phrases Cumberland (ed. 2) Suppl. Coom, the debris of coal; culm.

†3. (See quot. 1623) Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [noun] > suborder Apocrita, Petiolata, or Heterophaga > group Aculeata (stinging) > superfamily Apoidea (bees) > decayed honey filling honeycomb cells

stopping1609

coom1623

1623 C. Butler Feminine Monarchie (rev. ed.) vi. sig. O2 This kinde of hony..after a while it corrupteth, and..becometh the sowrest and the most vnsauory of all things..which then they commonly call Stopping or Coome.

†4. The black stuff, composed of grease and dust, which works out from axles or bearings. Obsolete.In quot. 1759 coom perhaps means grease for the wheels.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > dirt > [noun] > mixture of dust and grease

gome1611

coom1724

bleck1855

1724 London Gaz. No. 6264/2 By marking of Sheep with large Quantities of Pitch, Tar, or Coomb.

1736 N. Bailey et al. Dictionarium Britannicum (ed. 2) Coom,..that matter that works out of the wheels of carriages.

1749 W. Ellis Compl. Syst. Improvem. Sheep 298 To do this, it's only rubbing the Coomb of a Cart-wheel over the Breast of the Ram, or if Coomb cannot conveniently be had, you may rub his breast over with Redding, and the Colour of it..will be left behind on the Ewe.

1750 W. Ellis Country Housewife's Family Compan. 287 To cure Shingles, take the black Coom that is made by oiling or greasing Bells in a Steeple and anoint with it.

1759 Ann. Reg. 1758 107 A remarkable carriage set out..without coomb, or any oily, unctuous, or other liquid matter whatever to the wheels or axles.

1786 G. Forster tr. A. Sparrman Voy. Cape Good Hope (ed. 2) I. 117 A box for the coom.

5. Dust from a corn mill, saw-dust, etc. dialect.

ΚΠ

1811 R. Willan List Words W. Riding Yorks. Coom, dust and scrapings of wood, produced in sawing.

1887 D. Donaldson Jamieson's Sc. Dict. Suppl. Coom, dust from a mill, or from riddled seeds, i.e. from corn. Orkn.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

coomn.²

Forms: Also 1600s cum, 1700s cumb.

Etymology: Of uncertain origin: the general sense appears to be that of an arched or rounded top, dome. Connection has been suggested with medieval Latin cumba hold or bottom of a ship or boat, ‘locus imus navis’ (Isidore Originally xix. ii. §1), and with Spanish combo , Provençal comb , bent, curved: compare coomb n.²

Scottish.

1. The wooden centre or centering on which an arch is built.

ΚΠ

1753 Scots Mag. Aug. 422/1 A new-finished arch, from which the cumb or timber frame had been taken away.

1796 J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. XVII. 8 (Jam.) As several of the arches approach nearly to a straight line, the frame, or coom, on which it was raised, must have sunk while it was building.

1805 R. Forsyth Beauties Scotl. I. 355 The coomb of the most westerly arch appears to have sunk before the arch was thrown over.

1808–25 in J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang.

2. ‘The lid of a coffin, from its being arched’ (Jamieson).In quot. 1537, it seems to be used for the coffin as a whole.

ΚΠ

1537 Accts. Ld. High Treasurer Scotl. in R. Pitcairn Criminal Trials Scotl. I. 288 Tua pund sex unce blak sewin silk to be Frenȝeis to the Quenis Covme.

1863 R. Chambers Bk. of Days I. 824/2 Some surgeon apprentices rudely stopped the cart..and broke down part of the cooms, or sloping roof of the coffin.

3. Here may belong coom or coomb applied locally to dome-like hills in the North.Examples are White Coom or Polmoody Coom, a hill 2695 ft. high near Loch Skene, above Moffat, the Coom or Coomb at Teviothead, Coom Cairn, Coom Dod, Comb Law, Comb Hill, all in the south of Scotland; also Comb Fell, south of Cheviot, and Combhill in Northumberland, Black Combe, White Combe, Green Comb, Hen Comb in Cumberland (Cumbria), etc. [In some of these the word may be comb n. 6c, 1d, ‘crest, ridge’, but the local form of this is kame , kaim , which is actually in use. Attempts have been made to identify the word with coomb n.² 1c, but on no valid grounds.]

ΚΠ

1669 J. Worlidge Systema Agriculturæ (1681) 323 A Comb, in some places it is said to be..a Hill or Plain between Valleys.

1887 Brighouse News 26 Mar. Coom..in Yorkshire..is applied not to a valley or depression of any kind, but to a conical sandy hill, or large hillock, rising out of the level plain..such is Terrington Coom, north-east of York.

Compounds

coom-ceiled adj. covered with an arched or vaulted ceiling of plaster: said of a room, in whole or part directly under the roof, as a garret, attic, etc.; cf. camp ceiling n. Hence ˈcoom-ceil v.

ΚΠ

1699 Ayr Presbytery Rec. in C. Rogers Social Life in Scotl. (1886) III. 400 Cumseiled, with window cases and boards, glasses, partition walls, and all that is necessary.

1795 in Sc. Leader (1887) 16 Aug. 8 For upwards of ten years..it had nothing but the bare rafters above, but in 1795, it was agreed to have it ‘coomceiled..not for ornament, but for the health of the hearers of the gospel’.

1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. Coom, the wooden frame used in building an arch.

1858 M. Oliphant Laird of Norlaw I. 309 It was a little room..what is called in these regions ‘coomcieled’, which is to say, the roof sloped on one side, being close under the leads.

1879 J. C. Shairp Robert Burns 102 A garret, coom~ceiled, for the female servants.

1880 J. F. S. Gordon Bk. Chron. Keith 422 The last Duchess of Gordon renewed and coomceiled the primitive tabernacle.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

coomv.

Forms: Also 1600s cowm.

Etymology: < coom n.¹ Compare becoom , Middle English bicolmen (s.v. be- prefix 6a).

rare.

1. transitive. To begrime or smut as with soot.

ΚΠ

1606 W. Birnie Blame of Kirk-buriall sig. F2 The colȝear, by cowming the walkers whyte webs, did weary him away.

1823 J. Galt Entail III. iii. 40 I'll no coom my fingers wi' meddling in ony sic project.

†2. (See quot. 1664) Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1664 J. Evelyn Sylva 103 Small-coals are made of the spray and brush-wood..which is sometimes bound up into Bavins for this use; though also it be as frequently charked without binding, and then they call it cooming it together.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

n.¹1587

n.²1537

v.1606

单词	coom
释义	coomn.¹ /kuːm/ Forms: 1500s–1600s coame, 1600s coome, come, koom, comb, 1700s coomb, 1600s– coom. Etymology: In senses 1, 2 apparently another form of culm n.¹, pointing to a Middle English colm , whence also Middle English colmy adjective, sooty, grimy, bicolmen verb = bicollen to begrime with soot. In Scots and north English, ul may become ū , as in bulk , Scots bouk /buːk/, Bulmer in Northumberland, locally Boomer ; compare also shoulder , coulter , Scots shooder , cooter . But the form coame in sense 1 may correspond to Old Norse kám ‘grime, film of dirt’; and sense 3 may be related to German kahm , mould, ‘the white film on fermented liquids’; compare kemb v. (For coom from West Germanic kâma- , Old Germanic kæ̂mo-z , compare broom n., moon n.¹) The relationship of sense 4 is quite uncertain. Thus there are here possibly two or even three words. 1. a. Soot, esp. that which forms about a fireplace, or settles as smuts from a smoky atmosphere. Now Scottish or English regional (northern). ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > dirt > [noun] > grime, soot, or coal dirt sootc725 smitchc1330 culmc1440 coom1587 coal slack1612 grime1612 crock1657 fuliginosity1662 collow1675 smut1693 colly1708 smutch1791 brook1825 stokers1899 the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > products of burning > [noun] > soot sootc725 fuligo?a1425 soodc1430 culmc1440 coom1587 fuliginosity1662 collow1675 smut1693 colly1708 1587 L. Mascall Bk. Cattell: Horses (1627) 126 The coame aboue the Smithes forge. 1610 G. Markham Maister-peece ii. xxxvi. 273 The coame about the Smithes forge. 1691 J. Ray Coll. Eng. Words (ed. 2) 137 Smidy, a Smiths Shop, whence Smidy-koom. Var. Dial. 1696 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Coome, the Soot that gathereth over an Ovens Mouth. 1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. (at cited word) If coom hang from the bars of a grate like shreds of silk, it is viewed by the superstitious as foretokening the arrival of strangers. b. figurative. ΚΠ 1823 J. Galt Entail III. xxvii. 251 How ye'll clear your character o' the coom ye hae brought on't. 1826 J. Wilson Noctes Ambrosianae xxvi, in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. June 740 The thin black wavering coom o' annihilation and oblivion. 2. Coal dust or refuse, small coal, slack: cf. culm n.¹smithy-coom: see smithy n. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > coal or types of coal > [noun] > small, refuse, impure, or coal-dust slackc1440 smith coal1466 smithy coal1482 coal dusta1529 panwood1531 smith's coal1578 kirving1599 culm1603 coom1611 small coal1643 smit1670 smut1686 slag1695 duff1724 duff coal1724 small1780 gum1790 stinking coal1803 cobbles1811 nubbling1825 stinkers1841 rubble1844 pea1855 nuts1857 nut coal1861 slap1865 burgee1867 smudge1883 waste1883 treble1901 coal smut1910 gumming1938 nutty slack1953 1611 in J. Barmby Churchwardens' Accts. Pittington (1888) 161 Paide for beringe sand and smethie come to the same lyme, xijd. a1650 G. Boate Irelands Nat. Hist. (1652) xx. 158 Upon this they lay a lay of..a certain sort of Sea-coal, the which being wonderful small, and peculiarly called Comb, is hardly used for any other purpose [than burning lime]. 1755–73 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Coom..is used in Scotland for the useless dust which falls from large coals. 1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. Coom, small coal. 1879 W. Dickinson Gloss. Words & Phrases Cumberland (ed. 2) Suppl. Coom, the debris of coal; culm. †3. (See quot. 1623) Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [noun] > suborder Apocrita, Petiolata, or Heterophaga > group Aculeata (stinging) > superfamily Apoidea (bees) > decayed honey filling honeycomb cells stopping1609 coom1623 1623 C. Butler Feminine Monarchie (rev. ed.) vi. sig. O2 This kinde of hony..after a while it corrupteth, and..becometh the sowrest and the most vnsauory of all things..which then they commonly call Stopping or Coome. †4. The black stuff, composed of grease and dust, which works out from axles or bearings. Obsolete.In quot. 1759 coom perhaps means grease for the wheels. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > dirt > [noun] > mixture of dust and grease gome1611 coom1724 bleck1855 1724 London Gaz. No. 6264/2 By marking of Sheep with large Quantities of Pitch, Tar, or Coomb. 1736 N. Bailey et al. Dictionarium Britannicum (ed. 2) Coom,..that matter that works out of the wheels of carriages. 1749 W. Ellis Compl. Syst. Improvem. Sheep 298 To do this, it's only rubbing the Coomb of a Cart-wheel over the Breast of the Ram, or if Coomb cannot conveniently be had, you may rub his breast over with Redding, and the Colour of it..will be left behind on the Ewe. 1750 W. Ellis Country Housewife's Family Compan. 287 To cure Shingles, take the black Coom that is made by oiling or greasing Bells in a Steeple and anoint with it. 1759 Ann. Reg. 1758 107 A remarkable carriage set out..without coomb, or any oily, unctuous, or other liquid matter whatever to the wheels or axles. 1786 G. Forster tr. A. Sparrman Voy. Cape Good Hope (ed. 2) I. 117 A box for the coom. 5. Dust from a corn mill, saw-dust, etc. dialect. ΚΠ 1811 R. Willan List Words W. Riding Yorks. Coom, dust and scrapings of wood, produced in sawing. 1887 D. Donaldson Jamieson's Sc. Dict. Suppl. Coom, dust from a mill, or from riddled seeds, i.e. from corn. Orkn. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online June 2021). coomn.² Forms: Also 1600s cum, 1700s cumb. Etymology: Of uncertain origin: the general sense appears to be that of an arched or rounded top, dome. Connection has been suggested with medieval Latin cumba hold or bottom of a ship or boat, ‘locus imus navis’ (Isidore Originally xix. ii. §1), and with Spanish combo , Provençal comb , bent, curved: compare coomb n.² Scottish. 1. The wooden centre or centering on which an arch is built. ΚΠ 1753 Scots Mag. Aug. 422/1 A new-finished arch, from which the cumb or timber frame had been taken away. 1796 J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. XVII. 8 (Jam.) As several of the arches approach nearly to a straight line, the frame, or coom, on which it was raised, must have sunk while it was building. 1805 R. Forsyth Beauties Scotl. I. 355 The coomb of the most westerly arch appears to have sunk before the arch was thrown over. 1808–25 in J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. 2. ‘The lid of a coffin, from its being arched’ (Jamieson).In quot. 1537, it seems to be used for the coffin as a whole. ΚΠ 1537 Accts. Ld. High Treasurer Scotl. in R. Pitcairn Criminal Trials Scotl. I. 288 Tua pund sex unce blak sewin silk to be Frenȝeis to the Quenis Covme. 1863 R. Chambers Bk. of Days I. 824/2 Some surgeon apprentices rudely stopped the cart..and broke down part of the cooms, or sloping roof of the coffin. 3. Here may belong coom or coomb applied locally to dome-like hills in the North.Examples are White Coom or Polmoody Coom, a hill 2695 ft. high near Loch Skene, above Moffat, the Coom or Coomb at Teviothead, Coom Cairn, Coom Dod, Comb Law, Comb Hill, all in the south of Scotland; also Comb Fell, south of Cheviot, and Combhill in Northumberland, Black Combe, White Combe, Green Comb, Hen Comb in Cumberland (Cumbria), etc. [In some of these the word may be comb n. 6c, 1d, ‘crest, ridge’, but the local form of this is kame , kaim , which is actually in use. Attempts have been made to identify the word with coomb n.² 1c, but on no valid grounds.] ΚΠ 1669 J. Worlidge Systema Agriculturæ (1681) 323 A Comb, in some places it is said to be..a Hill or Plain between Valleys. 1887 Brighouse News 26 Mar. Coom..in Yorkshire..is applied not to a valley or depression of any kind, but to a conical sandy hill, or large hillock, rising out of the level plain..such is Terrington Coom, north-east of York. Compounds coom-ceiled adj. covered with an arched or vaulted ceiling of plaster: said of a room, in whole or part directly under the roof, as a garret, attic, etc.; cf. camp ceiling n. Hence ˈcoom-ceil v. ΚΠ 1699 Ayr Presbytery Rec. in C. Rogers Social Life in Scotl. (1886) III. 400 Cumseiled, with window cases and boards, glasses, partition walls, and all that is necessary. 1795 in Sc. Leader (1887) 16 Aug. 8 For upwards of ten years..it had nothing but the bare rafters above, but in 1795, it was agreed to have it ‘coomceiled..not for ornament, but for the health of the hearers of the gospel’. 1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. Coom, the wooden frame used in building an arch. 1858 M. Oliphant Laird of Norlaw I. 309 It was a little room..what is called in these regions ‘coomcieled’, which is to say, the roof sloped on one side, being close under the leads. 1879 J. C. Shairp Robert Burns 102 A garret, coom~ceiled, for the female servants. 1880 J. F. S. Gordon Bk. Chron. Keith 422 The last Duchess of Gordon renewed and coomceiled the primitive tabernacle. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online December 2020). coomv. Forms: Also 1600s cowm. Etymology: < coom n.¹ Compare becoom , Middle English bicolmen (s.v. be- prefix 6a). rare. 1. transitive. To begrime or smut as with soot. ΚΠ 1606 W. Birnie Blame of Kirk-buriall sig. F2 The colȝear, by cowming the walkers whyte webs, did weary him away. 1823 J. Galt Entail III. iii. 40 I'll no coom my fingers wi' meddling in ony sic project. †2. (See quot. 1664) Obsolete. ΚΠ 1664 J. Evelyn Sylva 103 Small-coals are made of the spray and brush-wood..which is sometimes bound up into Bavins for this use; though also it be as frequently charked without binding, and then they call it cooming it together. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < n.¹1587n.²1537v.1606
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coomn.1

coomn.2

Compounds

coomv.

coomn.¹

coomn.²